- One of the important functions of the skin is the synthesis of vitamin D.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 181
TOP: Functions of the Skin
- Keratin is an important skin pigment that protects against ultraviolet light.
ANS: F DIF: Application REF: Page 173 TOP: Cell Types
- The hypodermis is a subcutaneous layer rich in adipose and loose fibrous connective tissue.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 178
TOP: Hypodermis
- The subcutaneous layer is also referred to as the superficial fascia.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 178
TOP: Hypodermis
- Melanocytes account for approximately 55% of the epidermal cells.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 173
TOP: Cell Types
- During the life of an individual, epidermal tissue is constantly being replaced.
ANS: T DIF: Synthesis REF: Page 174
TOP: Epidermal Growth and Repair
- Turnover time for epidermal tissue can be accelerated by injury.
ANS: T DIF: Synthesis REF: Page 174
TOP: Epidermal Growth and Repair
- Prolonged exposure to the sun causes decreased melanin production.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 179
TOP: Skin Color
- A primary function of the dermal-epidermal junction is to “glue” together the dermis and the epidermis.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 176
TOP: Dermoepidermal Junction
- The epidermis is referred to as the true skin.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 176
TOP: Dermis
- Normally about 10% to 12% of all cells in the stratum basale enter mitosis each day.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 174
TOP: Epidermal Growth and Repair
- Both the epidermis and the dermis continually undergo shedding and regeneration.
ANS: F DIF: Synthesis REF: Page 174 TOP: Cell Layers
- Sensory receptors are found in the epidermis.
ANS: F DIF: Application REF: Page 176 TOP: Dermis
- Goose pimples, elevation of the testes, and erection of the nipples result from the contraction of muscles in the dermis.
ANS: T DIF: Application REF: Page 177 TOP: Reticular Layer
- The dermis contains both voluntary and involuntary muscle fibers.
ANS: T DIF: Application REF: Page 177 TOP: Reticular Layer
- Malignant melanoma has been steadily increasing in the United States for the past 20 years.
ANS: T DIF: Synthesis REF: Page 190 TOP: Skin Cancer
- The basic ingredient in the skin that determines skin color is melanin.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 178
TOP: Skin Color
- Vitiligo is an acquired condition that results in loss of pigment in certain areas of the skin.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization
REF: Page 173 (Box 7-1) TOP: Vitiligo
- An increase in the enzyme tyrosinase will lead to the destruction of pigment and result in albinism.
ANS: F DIF: Synthesis REF: Page 179 TOP: Skin Color
- Darkening of the skin may be caused by a decrease in the secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone.
ANS: F DIF: Application REF: Page 179 TOP: Skin Color
- Lanugo is the technical term used for adult body hair.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 185
TOP: Hair
- Terminal hair is the coarse pubic and axillary hair that develops at puberty.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 184
TOP: Hair
- One way to stimulate hair growth is to cut it or shave it.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 186
TOP: Hair
- One of the factors associated with the common type of baldness is the presence of testosterone.
ANS: T DIF: Application REF: Page 186 TOP: Hair
- Growth of nails is the result of mitosis in the stratum basale.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 186
TOP: Nails
- The gland that produces the waxy secretion in the external ear canal is a sebaceous gland.
ANS: F DIF: Application REF: Page 188
TOP: Ceruminous Glands
- An increase in sebum secretion in children may lead to increased susceptibility to ringworm.
ANS: F DIF: Synthesis REF: Page 188|Page 189
TOP: Mechanisms of Disease
- Apocrine sweat glands are the most numerous and widespread sweat glands in the body.
ANS: F DIF: Synthesis REF: Page 187 TOP: Sweat Glands
- There is a more than fivefold increase in the rate of sebum secretion between 10 and 19 years of age.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization
REF: Page 188 (Box 7-7) TOP: Acne
- A person with a body temperature of 38° C would need to be treated for hypothermia.
ANS: F DIF: Application REF: Page 192
TOP: Mechanisms of Disease
- When heat must be conserved to maintain a constant body temperature, the dermal blood vessels increase their diameter.
ANS: F DIF: Synthesis REF: Page 183 TOP: Heat Loss
- Shivering is a good example of the body’s attempt to produce more heat.
ANS: T DIF: Application REF: Page 183 TOP: Heat Production
- A person who is shivering would normally have dilated surface blood vessels in the skin.
ANS: F DIF: Synthesis REF: Page 183 TOP: Heat Loss
- Heat loss by the skin is controlled by a positive feedback loop.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 184
TOP: Homeostatic Regulation of Heat Loss
- The body’s temperature control center is located in the hypothalamus.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 184
TOP: Homeostatic Regulation of Heat Loss
- The normal body temperature set point is 37° C.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 184
TOP: Homeostatic Regulation of Heat Loss
- Besides changing the rates of metabolism, the primary means of controlling body temperature is through changes in the size of blood vessels in the skin.
ANS: T DIF: Synthesis REF: Page 184
TOP: Homeostatic Regulation of Heat Loss
- Skin thermal receptors provide important information to the heat-regulating centers in the brain, resulting in autonomic regulation of body temperature.
ANS: F DIF: Application REF: Page 184
TOP: Homeostatic Regulation of Heat Loss
- Heat loss by the skin is controlled by a negative feedback loop.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 184
TOP: Homeostatic Regulation of Heat Loss
- Blisters, severe pain, generalized swelling, and edema are characteristic of third-degree burns.
ANS: F DIF: Application REF: Page 192
TOP: Estimating Body Surface Area
- The rule of palms and the rule of tens are two methods used in estimating the extent of body surface area burned.
ANS: F DIF: Application REF: Page 192
TOP: Estimating Body Surface Area
- Third-degree burns are less severe than first-degree burns and therefore are not as painful.
ANS: F DIF: Synthesis REF: Page 192
TOP: Estimating Body Surface Area
- The thickest part of the skin is slightly more than 3 cm thick.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 171
TOP: Introduction
- Integument and integumentary system are interchangeable terms.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 171
TOP: Introduction
- Integumentary system and skin are interchangeable terms.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 171
TOP: Introduction
- A large amount of fat can be stored in the hypodermis.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 178
TOP: Hypodermis
- Thick skin and thin skin refer to the dermis and the epidermis.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 172
TOP: Thin and Thick Skin
- Hair is usually not found on thick skin.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 172
TOP: Thin and Thick Skin
- In thin skin, some of the strata of the skin may be absent.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 172
TOP: Thin and Thick Skin
- The cells at the surface of the skin are dead.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 174
TOP: Cell Layers
- An abnormal thickening of the stratum corneum is called hyperkeratosis.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 171
TOP: Cell Layers
- The stratum lucidum and stratum basale are sometimes referred to as the stratum germinativum.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 174
TOP: Cell Layers
- Blisters can be the result of damage to the desmosomes in a layer of skin.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization
REF: Page 176 (Box 7-2) TOP: Blisters
- The average turnover time for skin cells to go from the stratum basale to the surface of the epidermis is about 35 days.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 174
TOP: Epidermal Growth and Repair
- Continual abrasion to the skin surface tends to lengthen the turnover time of the skin.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 174
TOP: Epidermal Growth and Repair
- A group of active basal cells, together with its vertical column of migrating keratinocytes, is called a dermal proliferating unit, or DPU.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 175
TOP: Epidermal Growth and Repair
- The papillary layer of the dermis lies just below the dermal-epidermal junction.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 176
TOP: Papillary Layer
- The reticular layer of the dermis serves as an attachment point for both smooth and skeletal muscles.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 177
TOP: Reticular Layer
- Surgical incisions that are made perpendicular to cleavage lines tend to heal with less of a scar.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 177
TOP: Dermal Growth and Repair
- Light-skinned people have fewer melanocytes in their skin than do dark-skinned people.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 178
TOP: Skin Color
- The ability of melanocytes to darken the skin is dependent on the functioning of the enzyme tyrosinase.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 179
TOP: Skin Color
- Convection is responsible for most of the heat loss of the body.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 184
TOP: Convection
- The protective function of the skin is limited to the protection of the underlying tissue from abrasion and mechanical injury.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 181
TOP: Functions of the Skin
- The shedding of epithelial elements from the skin surface is called desquamation.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 181
TOP: Functions of the Skin
- The surface film that aids in the protective function of the skin is remarkably consistent from one part of the skin to another.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 181
TOP: Surface Film
- Because sweat can contain ammonia, urea, and other waste products, it plays a major role in the excretion of body wastes.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 182
TOP: Functions of the Skin
- The skin has the ability to convert cholecalciferol to vitamin D when the skin is exposed to sunlight.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 182
TOP: Hormone (Vitamin D) Production
- Because vitamin D is a compound that influences several important chemical reactions, it can also be classified as an enzyme.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 182
TOP: Hormone (Vitamin D) Production
- Radiation can account for both heat loss and heat gain.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 183
TOP: Radiation
- Heat production occurs in two ways: metabolism of food and absorption of heat from the environment.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 183
TOP: Homeostasis of Body Temperature
- Sweat that drips off you does very little to cool your body.
ANS: T DIF: Application REF: Page 183 TOP: Evaporation
- In a cool environment, conduction accounts for most of the heat loss of the body.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 184
TOP: Conduction
- In using the rule of nines to determine the area of the body involved, the body is divided into 9 areas of 11% each.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 192
TOP: Burns
- Lanugo is usually found on a fetus or newborn.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 185
TOP: Hair
- The cells of the germinal matrix are responsible for forming hair.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 185
TOP: Hair
- The hair itself is composed of three layers: the shaft, the cortex, and the cuticle.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 185
TOP: Hair
- Fingernails are composed of heavily keratinized epidermal cells.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 186
TOP: Nails
- Apocrine and eccrine glands are the two types of sebaceous glands.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 187
TOP: Sweat Glands
- Eccrine glands are the more numerous of the sweat glands.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 187
TOP: Sweat Glands
- Although the ducts of the eccrine sweat glands come through the epidermis, the actual secretory portion is located in the dermis.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 187
TOP: Sweat Glands
- Apocrine sweat glands begin functioning shortly after birth.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 187
TOP: Sweat Glands
- Because sebaceous glands produce a substance rich in triglycerides and fatty acids, it provides a good growth medium for fungi.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 188
TOP: Sweat Glands
- Malignant hyperthermia occurs as a result of exposure to certain types of anesthetic agents or muscle relaxants.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 191
TOP: Abnormal Body Temperature
- The skin surface area can be as large as 20 square feet in the average adult.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 171
TOP: Introduction
- The skin is a thin and relatively flat organ and is an example of a serous membrane.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 171
TOP: Structure of the Skin
- Fingerprints are an example of the friction ridges of the skin.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 172
TOP: Thin and Thick Skin
- The keratinocytes of the skin are examples of antigen-presenting cells.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 173
TOP: Cell Types
- The stratum lucidum is superficial to the stratum basale.
ANS: T DIF: Application REF: Page 174 TOP: Cell Layers
- An abnormally thick region of the stratum basale is called a callus.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 174
TOP: Epidermal Growth and Repair
- Cleavage lines and Langer lines refer to the same thing.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 177
TOP: Dermal Growth and Repair
- Langer lines is the more correct name for stretch marks.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 177
TOP: Dermal Growth and Repair
- Albinism is the inability of the body to form melanin.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 179
TOP: Melanin
- Jaundice can occur because of a very high concentration of vitamin A in the skin.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 180
TOP: Other Pigments
- A high level of melanin in the skin assists in the formation of vitamin D.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 182
TOP: Hormone (Vitamin D) Production
- Dendritic cells develop in the dermis of the skin but migrate to the epidermis of the skin to function.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 173
TOP: Cell Types
- Cells in the stratum spinosum layer are rich in RNA to make protein synthesis more efficient.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 174
TOP: Cell Layers
- Keratohyalin is a protein in the stratum lucidum that will eventually be transformed into keratin in the cells of the epidermis.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 174
TOP: Cell Layers
- Cells in the stratum lucidum do not have a high metabolic rate because they usually do not have a nucleus.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 174
TOP: Cell Layers
- High levels of lysosomal enzymes are found in the cells of the stratum granulosum layer.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 174
TOP: Cell Layers
- One end of the arrector pili muscle is attached to a hair follicle.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 177
TOP: Reticular Layer
- A scar is a dense mass of keratinocytes that forms when a wound to the skin heals.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 177
TOP: Dermal Growth and Repair
- People who have mostly pheomelanin in their skin tend to have darker skin than people who have mostly eumelanin.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 178
TOP: Skin Color
- Melanosomes help prevent DNA mutations when the cell is exposed to ultraviolet radiation.
ANS: T DIF: Application REF: Page 179 TOP: Skin Color
- You turn red when you blush because the color of blood is red.
ANS: T DIF: Application REF: Page 180 TOP: Other Pigments
- The presence of hemosiderin and bile pigments in the skin can cause the skin to appear cyanotic.
ANS: F DIF: Application REF: Page 180 TOP: Other Pigments
- Both the root and the lunula of the nail are covered by the cuticle and therefore cannot be seen externally.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 186
TOP: Nails
- If a person were in a totally bacteria-free environment, any sweat produced would have no odor.
ANS: T DIF: Application REF: Page 187 TOP: Sweat Glands
- Chemicals that cause the body to develop a fever are called pyrogens.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 191
TOP: Abnormal Body Temperature
- Fever is always detrimental to the body, so the body temperature should be reduced to normal as soon as possible.
ANS: F DIF: Application REF: Page 191
TOP: Abnormal Body Temperature
- Malignant hyperthermia, heat exhaustion, and heat stroke are increasingly dangerous consequences of exposure to high environmental temperatures.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 191
TOP: Abnormal Body Temperature
- The skin is the largest and thinnest organ.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 171
TOP: Introduction
- The hypodermis is the deepest layer of skin.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 178
TOP: Hypodermis
- Most of the body is covered by protective thick skin.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 172
TOP: Thin and Thick Skin
- Keratinocytes are sometimes called corneocytes.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 173
TOP: Cell Types
- Melanocytes are sometimes called Langerhans cells.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 173
TOP: Cell Types
- The stratum granulosum is sometimes called the barrier layer of the skin.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 174
TOP: Cell Layers
- In order for proper growth and repair of the skin to occur, both insulin-like growth factor and vitamin D must be present in the correct amounts.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 174
TOP: Epidermal Growth and Repair
- The main function of the dermoepidermal junction is to act as a barrier to harmful chemicals and bacteria.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 176
TOP: Dermoepidermal Junction
- Hair follicles and skin glands, made up of epithelial tissue, extend from the epidermis into the reticular layer.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 177
TOP: Reticular Layer
- In the healing of a wound, fibroblasts in the dermis quickly reproduce and begin forming a dense mass of new connective tissue fibers.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 177
TOP: Dermal Growth and Repair
- The death of melanocytes in the hair follicle of older people cause the hair to turn gray.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 179
TOP: Melanin
- Permanent tattoos are made by injecting pigments into the epidermis of the skin and because of the regeneration of the epidermis, they become less distinct with age.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 180
TOP: Other Pigments
- The germinal matrix is a small mound of dermis that supplies blood to the hair follicle.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 185
TOP: Hair
- The hair follicle servers as a primary location of adult stem cells for skin cells like melanocytes.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 185
TOP: Hair
- Toenails and fingernails grow at the rate of about 0.5 mm a week, but they grow faster in the winter than they do in the summer.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 186
TOP: Nails
Patton: Anatomy and Physiology, 8th Edition
Chapter 08-B: Skeletal Tissues
Test Bank
MULTIPLE CHOICE
- A fracture in the shaft of a bone is a break in the:
| a. | epiphysis. |
| b. | periosteum. |
| c. | diaphysis. |
| d. | articular cartilage. |
ANS: C DIF: Application REF: Page 202
TOP: Parts of a Long Bone
- Endosteum can be found:
| a. | lining the medullary cavity. |
| b. | covering bones. |
| c. | at articular surfaces. |
| d. | lining the epiphysis. |
ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: Page 203
TOP: Parts of a Long Bone
- Muscle tendon fibers attach to bone by interlacing with:
| a. | compact bone. |
| b. | ligaments. |
| c. | periosteum. |
| d. | endosteum. |
ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page 202
TOP: Parts of a Long Bone
- The organic matrix of bone consists of:
| a. | collagenous fibers. |
| b. | protein. |
| c. | polysaccharides. |
| d. | all of the above. |
