Multiple Choice Questions
- Which of the following represents two general factors that determine the fate of a chemical reaction in living cells?
A. its enzyme and rate
B. its enzyme and direction
C. its direction and rate
D. its rate and product
E. its enzyme and products
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Section: 6.01
Section: 6.04
Topic: Cells
- Water held behind a dam would best reflect ________.
A. potential energy
B. kinetic energy
C. chemical energy
D. heat energy
E. mechanical energy
Bloom’s Level: Understand
Section: 6.01
Topic: Cells
- All of the following have potential energy EXCEPT
A. ATP.
B. nitrogen.
C. an electrical/ion gradient.
D. concentration gradient.
E. NADH
Bloom’s Level: Understand
Section: 6.01
Topic: Cells
- According to the first law of thermodynamics
A. the transfer of energy increases the disorder of a system.
B. the transfer of energy increases entropy.
C. energy cannot be created or destroyed.
D. once energy is created it can be destroyed.
E. kinetic energy is based on location.
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Section: 6.01
Topic: Cells
- The amount of available energy that can be used to promote change do work is called
A. enthalpy.
B. entropy.
C. free energy.
D. kinetic energy.
E. heat.
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Section: 6.01
Topic: Cells
- Which of the following is TRUE for a reaction that has a DG 0?
A. The reaction will require energy.
B. The reaction will yield energy.
C. The reaction is spontaneous.
D. The reaction will require energy and is spontaneous.
E. The reaction will yield energy and is spontaneous.
Bloom’s Level: Understand
Section: 6.01
Topic: Cells
- Which is true of the following reaction: ?
A. It has a change in free energy that is less than 0.
B. It has a change in free energy that is greater than 0.
C. It can be used to drive endergonic reactions.
D. It yields energy.
E. It has a change in free energy that is greater than 0, and hence can be used to drive endergonic reactions.
Bloom’s Level: Understand
Figure: 6.03
Section: 6.01
Topic: Cells
- Which of the following reactions would require the hydrolysis of at least two ATP molecules (DG = -14.6 kCal) for it to occur?
A. A reaction that has a DG = -8 kCal.
B. A reaction that has a DG = +8 kCal.
C. A reaction that has a DG = -16 kCal.
D. A reaction that has a DG = +16 kCal.
E. A reaction that has a DG = -14.6 kCal.
Bloom’s Level: Apply
Section: 6.01
Topic: Cells
- A chemical reaction that has a positive DG is correctly described as
A. endergonic.
B. endothermic.
C. enthalpic.
D. spontaneous
E. exothermic.
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Section: 6.01
Topic: Cells
- Which of the following is true for ALL exergonic reactions?
A. The products have more total energy than the reactants.
B. The reaction proceeds with a net release of free energy.
C. Some reactants will be converted to products.
D. A net input of energy from the surroundings is required for the reactions to proceed.
E. The reactions are nonspontaneous.
Bloom’s Level: Understand
Section: 6.01
Topic: Cells
- Which of the following statements is a logical consequence of the second law of thermodynamics?
A. If the entropy of a system increases, there must be a corresponding decrease in the entropy of the universe.
B. If there is an increase in the energy of a system, there must be a corresponding decrease in the energy of the rest of the universe.
C. Every energy transfer requires activation energy from the environment.
D. Every chemical reaction must increase the total entropy of the universe.
E. Energy can be transferred or transformed, but it cannot be created or destroyed.
Bloom’s Level: Understand
Figure: 6.02
Section: 6.01
Topic: Cells
- Which of the following statements about enzymes is FALSE?
A. The active site of the enzyme is where the chemical reaction takes place.
B. The substrate binds to the enzyme with low affinity.
C. The enzyme undergoes a conformational change that brings substrates closer together in an induced fit.
D. The optimal activity of an enzyme occurs over a narrow temperature range.
E. The optimal activity of an enzyme occurs within a narrow pH range.
Bloom’s Level: Understand
Section: 6.02
Topic: Cells
- How does an enzyme work to catalyze a reaction?
A. It supplies the energy to speed up a reaction.
B. It lowers the energy barrier needed for reactants to achieve the transition state.
C. It lowers the energy of activation of a reaction
D. It supplies the energy to speed up a reaction and lowers the energy barrier needed for reactants to achieve the transition state.
E. It lowers the energy barrier needed for reactants to achieve the transition state or lowers the energy of activation of a reaction.
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Figure: 6.04
Section: 6.02
Topic: Cells
- If one were to double the amount of enzyme in a reaction with an initial DG of -5 kcal/mole, what would the DG be?
A. -5 kcal/mole
B. -10 kcal/mole
C. -20 kcal/mole
D. +5 kcal/mole
E. +10 kcal/mole
Bloom’s Level: Understand
Section: 6.02
Topic: Cells
- Altering the three-dimensional structure of an enzyme might
A. change the amount of energy needed for a reaction.
B. prevent the substrate from binding the enzyme’s active site.
C. change the type of substrate that binds the enzyme’s active site.
D. change the type of product produced in the reaction.
E. allow the reaction to occur at a faster rate.
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Section: 6.02
Topic: Cells
- The primary function of an enzyme or any biological catalyst is to
A. reduce the energy of activation of a reaction.
B. increase the rate of a reaction.
C. change the direction of a reaction.
D. reduced the energy of activation and increase the rate of a reaction.
E. increase the rate of a reaction and change the direction of a reaction.
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Section: 6.02
Topic: Cells
- How can one increase the rate of a chemical reaction?
A. Increase the activation energy needed.
B. Cool the reactants.
C. Decrease the concentration of the reactants.
D. Add a catalyst.
E. Increase the entropy of the reactants.
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Figure: 6.04
Section: 6.02
Topic: Cells
- Which of the following statements regarding enzymes is TRUE?
A. Enzymes decrease the free energy change of a reaction.
B. Enzymes increase the rate of a reaction.
C. Enzymes change the direction of chemical reactions.
D. Enzymes are permanently altered by the reactions they catalyze.
E. Enzymes prevent changes in substrate concentrations.
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Section: 6.02
Topic: Cells
- Which of the following would best reflect the general steps of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction?
A. enzyme undergoes conformational changes ® substrates bind to enzyme ® substrates are converted to products ® products are released.
B. substrates bind to enzyme ®substrates are converted to products ® enzyme undergoes conformational changes ® products are released
C. substrates bind to enzyme ® enzyme undergoes conformational changes ® substrates are converted to products ® products are released
D. enzyme undergoes conformational changes ®substrates are converted to products ® substrates bind to enzyme ® products are released
E. substrates bind to enzyme ® substrates are converted to products ® products are released ® enzyme undergoes conformational changes
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Figure: 6.05
Section: 6.02
Topic: Cells
- Which term most precisely describes the process of building larger molecules from smaller ones?
A. exergonic
B. catabolism
C. metabolism
D. hydrolysis
E. anabolism
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Section: 6.03
Topic: Cells
- Which of the following is NOT true for ATP?
A. It is produced from ATP synthase.
B. It is produced by a rotary machine.
C. Its production requires an exergonic reaction.
D. Its hydrolysis yields energy.
E. Its hydrolysis can drive endergonic reactions.
Bloom’s Level: Understand
Section: 6.03
Topic: Cells
- Which of the following statements about catabolic reactions is FALSE?
A. They recycle organic building blocks.
B. They produce energy like ATP.
C. They produce energy in the form of energy intermediates like NADH.
D. They occur through the oxidation of substrates.
E. They usually require an input of energy.
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Section: 6.03
Topic: Cells
- Which of the statements in INCORRECT about the following reaction? Phosphoenolpyruvate + ADP ® Pyruvate + ATP (DG = -7.5 kcal/mole)
A. It is anabolic.
B. It is catabolic.
C. It can be used to drive an endergonic reaction.
D. The synthesis of ATP occurs by substrate-level phosphorylation.
E. It is a reaction that yields energy.
Bloom’s Level: Understand
Section: 6.03
Topic: Cells
- For the generalized equation Ae– +B ® A + Be–, where e represents an electron. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. Molecule A is reduced.
B. Molecule B is oxidzied.
C. Molecule A is oxidized.
D. Molecule B is reduced.
E. Both molecule A is oxidized and molecule B is reduced.
Bloom’s Level: Understand
Section: 6.03
Topic: Cells
- Which term most precisely describes the cellular process of breaking down large molecules into smaller ones?
A. catalysis
B. metabolism
C. anabolism
D. dehydration
E. catabolism
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Section: 6.03
Topic: Cells
- Which of the following statements about feedback inhibition in metabolic pathways is most CORRECT?
A. The product of the pathway inhibits its own production by binding reactants in the metabolic pathway.
B. The product of the pathway inhibits its own production by competitively inhibiting the binding of a substrate to the active site of an enzyme within the metabolic pathway.
C. The product of the pathway inhibits its own production by noncompetitively inhibiting the binding of a substrate to the active site of an enyzme within the metabolic pathway.
D. The product of the pathway inhibits its own production by noncompetitively binding to reactants.
E. All of the choices are correct.
Bloom’s Level: Understand
Figure: 6.13
Section: 6.03
Topic: Cells
- In the biochemical regulation of metabolic pathways, how would one overcome the effects of a competitive inhibitor on enzyme activity?
A. Increase the amount of substrate for the enzyme.
B. Increase the amount of competitive inhibitor.
C. Increase the temperature of the reaction.
D. Decrease the amount of enzyme.
E. Add a noncompetitive inhibitor of the enzyme.
Bloom’s Level: Apply
Section: 6.03
Topic: Cells
- Which of the following structures or molecular machines is important for protein degradation in eukaryotes?
A. cytoskeleton
B. flagellum
C. ribosome
D. ATP synthase
E. proteasome
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Section: 6.04
Topic: Cells
- Which of the following statements about ubiquitin is TRUE?
A. Ubiquitin recognizes improperly folded proteins.
B. Ubiquitin targets proteins for degradation.
C. Ubiquitin targets proteins for post-translational processing.
D. Ubiquitin recognizes improperly folded proteins and targets them for degradation.
E. Ubiquitin targets proteins for degradation and post-translational processing.
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Section: 6.04
Topic: Cells
- Which is the correct sequence of events for protein degradation in eukaryotes?
A. ubiquitin binds target protein ® protein unfolds and enters proteasome ® protein directed to proteasome ® protein digested ® amino acids are released and recycled
B. ubiquitin binds target protein ® protein directed to proteasome ® protein unfolds and enters proteasome ® protein digested ® amino acids are released and recycled
C. protein directed to proteasome ® ubiquitin binds target protein ® protein unfolds and enters proteasome ® protein digested ® amino acids are released and recycled
D. protein directed to proteasome ® protein unfolds and enters proteasome ® ubiquitin binds target protein ® protein digested ® amino acids are released and recycled
E. protein directed to proteasome ® protein unfolds and enters proteasome ® protein digested ® ubiquitin binds target protein ® amino acids are released and recycled
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Figure: 6.15
Section: 6.04
Topic: Cells
- Which two are primary complexes for protein synthesis and degradation in eukaryotes?
A. ribosomes and proteasomes
B. ribosomes and lysosomes
C. proteases and lysosomes
D. proteases and proteasomes
E. ribosomes and mRNA
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Section: 6.04
Topic: Cells
True / False Questions
- Reactions that produce glucose have less entropy than those that oxidize glucose.
FALSE
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Section: 6.01
Topic: Cells
- A reaction with a DG 0 is endergonic and requires a net input of energy.
TRUE
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Section: 6.01
Topic: Cells
- Enzymes are consumed in chemical reactions and must therefore be replenished.
FALSE
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Section: 6.02
Topic: Cells
- Temperature, pH, and ionic concentrations play an important role in the proper functioning of enzymes.
TRUE
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Section: 6.02
Topic: Cells
- Noncompetitive inhibition within a metabolic pathway prevents excess accumulation of the pathway’s product. This occurs when the product binds the active site of an enzyme, reducing its activity, and the subsequent accumulation of product.
FALSE
Bloom’s Level: Understand
Section: 6.02
Topic: Cells
- Catabolic and anabolic reactions in living cells involve the transfer of electrons from one molecule to another in reduction-oxidation reactions.
TRUE
Bloom’s Level: Understand
Section: 6.03
Topic: Cells
- Metabolism reflects only those reactions that yield energy.
FALSE
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Section: 6.03
Topic: Cells
- The half-life of a molecule is the time it takes for 50% of the molecule to be broken down and recycled.
TRUE
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Section: 6.04
Topic: Cells
- Autophagy is an important process that removes worn-out organelles, recycles components, then release them into the cytosol.
TRUE
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Figure: 6.16
Section: 6.04
Topic: Cells
Chapter 07
Test Bank: Cellular Respiration, Fermentation, and Secondary Metabolism
Multiple Choice Questions
- The equation, C6H12O6 + 6O2 ® 6CO2 + 6H2O (ATP + Heat), describes a reaction that
A. is endergonic.
B. requires energy.
C. occurs in plants only.
D. is exergonic.
E. is anabolic.
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Section: 7.01
Topic: Cells
- The equation, C6H12O6 + 6O2 ® 6CO2 + 6H2O (ATP + Heat), describes which of the following processes?
A. photosynthesis
B. cell respiration
C. cell fermentation
D. glycolysis
E. anaerobic metabolism
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Section: 7.01
Topic: Cells
- Which of the following are the final by-products of glucose oxidation during aerobic cell respiration?
A. ATP only
B. heat only
C. carbon dioxide only
D. both ATP and heat only
E. ATP, heat, and carbon dioxide
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Figure: 7.01
Section: 7.01
Topic: Cells
- Which of the following processes will occur in the presence or absence of oxygen?
A. glycolysis
B. electron transport chain
C. oxidative phosphorylation
D. cellular respiration
E. citric acid cycle
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Section: 7.01
Topic: Cells
- Where does glycolysis takes place?
A. mitochondrial matrix
B. mitochondrial membrane
C. mitochondrial inner membrane
D. mitochondrial intermembrane space
E. cytosol
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Figure: 7.01
Section: 7.01
Topic: Cells
- Which of the following is NOT a process of aerobic respiration?
A. citric acid cycle
B. glycolysis
C. acetyl CoA formation
D. oxidative phosphorylation
E. lactate fermentation
Bloom’s Level: Understand
Section: 7.01
Topic: Cells
- Which of the following is TRUE of the citric acid cycle?
A. It yields most of the NAD+ in cell respiration.
B. It produces oxygen.
C. It yields ATP, NADH, and FADH2 as energy intermediates.
D. It occurs on the inner membrane of the mitochondria.
E. It produces ATP as the primary energy intermediate.
Bloom’s Level: Understand
Figure: 7.06
Section: 7.01
Topic: Cells
- Which of the following function: location relationship is INCORRECT?
A. acetyl CoA formation; cytosol
B. citric acid cycle; mitochondria matrix
C. oxidative phosphorylation; mitochondria inner membrane
D. glycolysis; cytosol
E. electron transport chain and ATP synthase; mitochondria inner membrane
Bloom’s Level: Understand
Figure: 7.01
Section: 7.01
Topic: Cells
- Which compound has the highest free energy and produces the most ATP when oxidized?
A. acetyl CoA
B. glucose
C. pyruvate
D. carbon
E. both pyruvate and carbon
Bloom’s Level: Understand
Section: 7.01
Topic: Cells
- Cellular respiration produces the most chemical in the form of ATP from which of the following?
A. the electron transport chain
B. the citric acid cycle
C. substrate-level phosphorylation
D. glycolysis
E. oxidative phosphorylation
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Figure: 7.01
Section: 7.01
Topic: Cells
- How many ATP and NADH molecules are produced from each molecule of glucose in the citric acid cycle only?
A. 4 ATP, 2 NADH
B. 3 ATP, 4 NADH
C. 2 ATP, 6 NADH
D. 1 ATP, 2 NADH
E. 0 ATP, 6 NADH
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Figure: 7.01
Section: 7.01
Topic: Cells
- How many net ATP and NADH molecules are produced from one molecule of glucose during glycolysis?
A. 4 ATP, 2 NADH
B. 3 ATP, 4 NADH
C. 2 ATP, 6 NADH
D. 2 ATP, 2 NADH
E. 0 ATP, 6 NADH
Bloom’s Level: Understand
Figure: 7.01
Section: 7.01
Topic: Cells
- High-energy electrons from molecules of NADH and FADH2 are transferred to a chain of proteins within the electron transport chain. What is the final electron acceptor of the electron transport chain?
A. carbon dioxide
B. oxygen
C. cytochrome c
D. ubiquinone
E. NAD+
Bloom’s Level: Understand
Figure: 7.08
Section: 7.01
Topic: Cells
- Which of the following statements is TRUE of both aerobic and anaerobic respiration?
A. Both use glycolysis to oxidize glucose to pyruvate.
B. Both produce NADH as high-energy intermediates.
C. Both produce either lactic acid or enthanol as a bioproduct.
D. Both use glycolysis to oxidize glucose to pyruvate and both produce NADH as high-energy intermediates.
E. Both produce NADH as high-energy intermediates and both produce either lactic acid or enthanol as a bioproduct.
Bloom’s Level: Understand
Section: 7.01
Topic: Cells
- Which would be TRUE if a metabolic poison were to completely inhibit the function of mitochondrial ATP synthase?
A. The pH difference across the inner mitochondrial membrane would decrease.
B. The pH difference across the inner mitochondrial membrane would increase.
C. ATP synthesis would increase.
D. Oxygen consumption would decrease.
E. The accumulation of NADH would increase.
Bloom’s Level: Understand
Section: 7.01
Topic: Cells
- Which of the following is most directly responsible for driving ATP synthase and the production of ATP in cellular respiration?
A. The electron transport chain pumping H+ from the mitochondrial matrix into the intermembrane space.
B. The flow of electrons down the electron transport chain.
C. The loss in free energy that occurs as an electron moves down the transport chain.
D. The H+ electrochemical gradient across the inner mitochondria membrane.
E. The ability of oxygen to rapidly capture an electron and energize ATP synthase.
Bloom’s Level: Understand
Section: 7.01
Topic: Cells
- Which of the following statements about the electron transport chain in cell respiration is CORRECT?
A. Electrons move from NADH to a chain of proteins with lower electronegativities.
B. The electron transport chain of proteins uses ATP to pump H+ across the inner mitochondria membrane against its electrochemical gradient.
C. The loss in free energy of the electron initially donated by NADH is used to transport H+ across the inner mitochondrial membrane against its electrochemical gradient.
D. The electron transport chain of proteins contains pores that are leaky to H+.
E. The ATP synthase pump generates a H+ gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
Bloom’s Level: Understand
Figure: 7.07
Section: 7.01
Topic: Cells
- Assuming a fat molecule can be oxidized into 2 glycerol molecules, which are immediately converted to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, in intermediate glycolysis, how many ATP can be produced from a fat molecule?
A. 4
B. 8
C. 24
D. 36
E. 60
Bloom’s Level: Apply
Section: 7.02
Topic: Cells
- Where are the protein complexes associated with the electron transport chain located?
A. mitochondrial matrix
B. mitochondrial membrane
C. mitochondrial inner membrane
D. mitochondrial intermembrane space
E. cytosol
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Figure: 7.07
Section: 7.01
Topic: Cells
- During glycolysis, glucose is broken down into
A. acetyl CoA.
B. NADH.
C. pyruvate.
D. oxygen.
E. ATP.
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Figure: 7.02
Section: 7.01
Topic: Cells
- The ATP made during glycolysis is generated by
A. substrate-level phosphorylation.
B. electron transport.
C. photophosphorylation.
D. chemisosmosis.
E. oxidation of NADH to NAD+
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Figure: 7.02
Section: 7.01
Topic: Cells
- During the cleavage stage of glycolysis, fructose-1, 6 biphosphate is broken down into
A. citric acid.
B. two molecules of pyruvate.
C. two molecules of ATP.
D. two molecules of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate.
E. glucose.
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Figure: 7.02
Section: 7.01
Topic: Cells
- In addition to ATP, what are the end products of glycolysis?
A. CO2 and NADH
B. CO2 and pyruvate
C. H2O, NADH, and citrate
D. NADH and pyruvate
E. CO2 and H2O
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Figure: 7.01
Section: 7.01
Topic: Cells
- In the citric acid cycle, the acetyl group is removed from acetyl CoA and attached to oxaloacetate to form
A. fumarate.
B. succinate.
C. citrate.
D. malate.
E. oxaloacetate.
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Figure: 7.06
Section: 7.01
Topic: Cells
- In the citric acid cycle, succinate is oxidized to form
A. fumarate.
B. succinate.
C. citrate.
D. malate.
E. oxaloacetate.
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Figure: 7.06
Section: 7.01
Topic: Cells
- In the citric acid cycle, malate is oxidized to form
A. fumarate.
B. succinate.
C. citrate.
D. malate.
E. oxaloacetate.
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Figure: 7.06
Section: 7.01
Topic: Cells
- The enzyme responsible for oxidizing pyruvate once it enters the mitochondrial matrix is
A. pyruvate oxidase
B. pyruvate dehydrogenase.
C. hexokinase
D. ATP synthase.
E. peptidase.
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Figure: 7.04
Section: 7.01
Topic: Cells
- Which pathway shows the correct path of electron transfer from a molecule of NADH?
A. NADH hydrogenase ® ubiquinone ® cytochrome oxidase ® cytochrome b-c1 ® cytochrome c ® O2
B. NADH hydrogenase ® ubiquinone ® cytochrome c ® cytochrome b-c1® cytochrome oxidase ® O2
C. ubiquinone ® cytochrome b-c1® cytochrome c ® cytochrome oxidase ® NADH hydrogenase ® O2
D. NADH hydrogenase ® ubiquinone ® cytochrome b-c1® cytochrome c ® cytochrome oxidase ® O2
E. ubiquinone ® cytochrome b-c1® cytochrome c ® NADH hydrogenase ® cytochrome oxidase ® O2
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Figure: 7.08
Section: 7.01
Topic: Cells
- Which pathway shows the correct path of electron transfer from a molecule of FADH2?
A. succinate reductase ® ubiquinone ® cytochrome oxidase ® cytochrome b-c1 ® cytochrome c ® O2
B. succinate reductase ® ubiquinone ® cytochrome b-c1® cytochrome c ® cytochrome oxidase ® O2
C. ubiquinone ® cytochrome b-c1® cytochrome c ® cytochrome oxidase ® NADH hydrogenase ® O2
D. succinate reductase ® ubiquinone ® cytochrome b-c1® cytochrome c ® cytochrome oxidase ® O2
E. ubiquinone ® cytochrome b-c1® cytochrome c ® NADH hydrogenase ® cytochrome oxidase ® O2
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Figure: 7.08
Section: 7.01
Topic: Cells
- Energy released by the electron transport chain is used to pump H+ ions into which location?
A. cytosol
B. mitochondrial outer membrane
C. mitochondrial inner membrane
D. mitochondrial intermembrane space
E. mitochondrial matrix
Bloom’s Level: Understand
Figure: 7.07
Section: 7.01
Topic: Cells
- Sports physiologists at an Olympic training center wanted to monitor athletes to determine at what point their muscles were functioning anaerobically. They could do this by checking for the buildup of which molecule?
A. ATP
B. lactate
C. carbon dioxide
D. ADP
E. oxygen
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Section: 7.02
Topic: Cells
- Which of the following is INCORRECT for ethanol fermentation?
A. A source of organic sugar is required, for instance from malt.
B. Results in a net production of NADH.
C. Glucose is oxidized to pyruvate as one of the steps.
D. Carbon dioxide and ATP are produced.
E. NADH is used to reduce acetaldehyde to ethanol.
Bloom’s Level: Understand
Section: 7.02
Topic: Cells
- Which of the following does NOT occur during yeast fermentation?
A. Acetylaldehyde is reduced to make ethanol.
B. Decrease in NADH.
C. Lactate is produced.
D. Pyruvate is broken down into CO2 and acetylaldehyde.
E. NADH is oxidized to NAD+
Bloom’s Level: Understand
Figure: 7.15
Section: 7.02
Topic: Cells
- When muscles cells are deprived of oxygen, the heart still pumps. What must the heart cells be able to do?
A. derive sufficient energy from fermentation
B. continue aerobic metabolism when skeletal muscle cannot
C. transform lactate to pyruvate again
D. remove lactate from the blood
E. remove oxygen from lactate
Bloom’s Level: Understand
Section: 7.02
Topic: Cells
- Which of the following is NOT considered a secondary metabolite?
A. glucose
B. flavonoids
C. terpenoids
D. alkoloids
E. polyketides
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Section: 7.03
Topic: Cells
- Vanillin is to flavonoids as atropine is to
A. flavonoids.
B. terpenoids.
C. polyketides.
D. alkoloids.
E. B-carotenes.
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Section: 7.03
Topic: Cells
True / False Questions
- Glycolysis involves 10 enzyme-catalyzed steps, that can be grouped into three phases: energy investment phase, cleavage phase, and the energy liberation phase.
TRUE
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Figure: 7.02
Figure: 7.03
Section: 7.01
Topic: Cells
- The electron transport chain consists of a series of redox reactions in which electrons are transferred to oxygen as the final electron acceptor.
TRUE
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Figure: 7.07
Section: 7.01
Topic: Cells
- Oxygen is an excellent final electron acceptor because of its low electronegativity.
FALSE
Bloom’s Level: Understand
Section: 7.01
Topic: Cells
- NADH and FADH2 donate their electrons to protein complex I.
FALSE
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Figure: 7.08
Section: 7.01
Topic: Cells
- Ubiquinone is also known as coenzyme Q.
TRUE
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Section: 7.01
Topic: Cells
- ATP synthase is a good example of a molecular machine that is composed of various protein subunits and that has moving parts.
TRUE
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Figure: 7.10
Section: 7.01
Topic: Cells
- The proton motive force is key to chemiosis because the H+ electrochemical gradient is lower in the intermembrane space than inside the matrix.
FALSE
Bloom’s Level: Understand
Figure: 7.07
Section: 7.01
Topic: Cells
- If oxygen is present, pyruvate will be converted to acetyl CoA in the mitochondrial matrix.
TRUE
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Figure: 7.01
Section: 7.01
Topic: Cells
- When a molecule of NAD+ (nicontinamide adenine dinucleotide) gains a hydrogen atom, the molecule becomes reduced.
TRUE
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Section: 7.01
Topic: Cells
- Proteins and fats may be used as energy sources to drive aerobic respiration.
TRUE
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Section: 7.01
Topic: Cells
- During the energy investment phase of glycolysis there is a decrease of free energy that allows later reactions to be exergonic.
FALSE
Bloom’s Level: Understand
Figure: 7.02
Section: 7.01
Topic: Cells
- The ability of bread to rise is mainly a function of the CO2 produced during oxidative phosphorylation rather than that produced from fermentation.
FALSE
Bloom’s Level: Understand
Section: 7.02
Topic: Cells
- The aerobic breakdown of glucose yields 34 to 38 ATP, while the anaerobic breakdown of glucose yields 20 ATP.
FALSE
Bloom’s Level: Understand
Section: 7.02
Topic: Cells
- Secondary metabolites like caffeine are produced mainly from plant sources.
TRUE
Bloom’s Level: Remember
Section: 7.03
Topic: Cells
