Clinical Calculations With Applications to General And Specialty Areas 7th Edition by Joyce – Sally M. – Test Bank A+

Description

Chapter 7: Methods of Calculation for Individualized Drug Dosing

OTHER

Body Surface Area by Square Root

1. Order: cyclophosphamide 500 mg/m² in 500 mL of normal saline solution (NSS) over 90 minutes

Patient height and weight: 5 ft 10 in, 142 lb

Drug available: cyclophosphamide 100 mg dilute with 5 mL of sterile water; yields 20 mg/mL

1. What is the patient’s body surface area (BSA) (m²)?
2. What is the total dose?
3. How many milliliters should you prepare?

ANS:

1. 500 mg/m² ´ 1.78 m² = 890 mg

1. FE: 890 mg/100 mg ´ 5 mL = 44.5 mL

OR

1. Order: cisplatin 50 mg/m² in 500 mL of NSS intravenously over 90 minutes

Patient height and weight: 5 ft 6 in, 160 lb

Drug available: cisplatin 100 mg/100 mL

1. What is the patient’s BSA (m²)?
2. What is the total dose?
3. How many milliliters should you prepare?

ANS:

b.50 mg ´ 1.83 m² = 91.5 mg

1. FE: 91.5 mg/100 mg ´ 100 mL = 91.5 mL or 92 mL

OR

For Questions 3 through 18, use the square root method and/or nomogram. Note discrepancies between methods.

1. Give dacarbazine 250 mg/m²/day ´ 5 days.

Patient height: 5 ft 10 in

Patient weight: 173 lb

What is the daily dose with:

1. square root method?
2. nomogram?

ANS:

250 mg/m²/day ´ 1.96 m² = 490 mg/day

1. Height 70 in, weight 173 lb, intersects 2.02 m²

250 mg/m²/day ´ 2.02 m² = 505 500 mg/day

1. Give 5-fluorouracil 450 mg/m²/wk.

Patient height: 5 ft 6 in

Patient weight: 210 lb

What is the weekly dose with:

1. square root method?
2. nomogram?

ANS:

450 mg/m²/wk ´ 2.10 m² = 945 mg/wk

1. Height 66 in, weight 210 lb, intersects 2.04 m²

450 mg/m²/wk ´ 2.04 m² = 918 920 mg/wk

1. Give leucovorin 200 mg/m²/wk.

Patient height: 5 ft 6 in

Patient weight: 210 lb

What is the weekly dose with:

1. square root method?
2. nomogram?

ANS:

80 kg x 2.2 = 176 lb

200 mg/m²/wk ´ 2.10 m² = 420 mg/wk

1. Height 66 in, weight 210 lb, intersects 2.04 m²

200 mg/m²/wk ´ 2.04 m² = 408.00 400 mg/wk

1. Give cisplatin 30 mg/m²/day ´ 3 days.

Patient height: 70 in

Patient weight: 80 kg

What is the daily dose with:

1. square root method?
2. nomogram?

ANS:

1. 80 kg ´ 2.2 = 176 lb

30 mg/m²/day ´ 1.98 m² = 59.4 59 mg/day

1. Height 70 in, weight 80 kg, intersects 2.08 m²

30 mg/m²/day ´ 2.08 m² = 62.4 62 mg/day

1. Give cisplatinum 80 mg/m²/wk.

Patient height: 6 ft 2 in

Patient weight: 186 lb

What is the weekly dose with:

1. square root method?
2. nomogram?

ANS:

80 mg/m²/wk ´ 2.09 m² = 167.2 mg/wk

1. Height 74 in, weight 186 lb, intersects 2.10 m²

80 mg/m²/wk ´ 2.10 m² = 168 170 mg/wk

1. Give etoposide 120 mg/m²/wk.

Patient height: 74 in

Patient weight: 70 kg

What is the weekly dose with:

1. square root method?
2. nomogram?

ANS:

1. 70 kg ´ 2.2 = 154 lb

120 mg/m²/wk ´ 1.90 m² = 228 mg/wk

b.Height 74 in, weight 70 kg, intersects 2.06 m²

120 mg/m²/ wk ´ 2.06 m² = 247.2 250 mg/wk

1. Give Cytoxan 600 mg/m²/wk.

Patient height: 70 in

Patient weight: 85 kg

What is the weekly dose with:

1. square root method?
2. nomogram?

ANS:

1. 85 kg ´ 2.2 = 187 lb

600 mg/m²/wk ´ 2.04 m² = 1224 or 1225 mg/wk

1. Height 70 in, weight 85 kg, intersects 2.08 m²

600 mg/m²/wk ´ 2.08 m² = 1248 1250 mg/wk

1. Give Adriamycin 60 mg/m²/wk.

Patient height: 70 in

Patient weight: 80 kg

What is the weekly dose with:

1. square root method?
2. nomogram?

ANS:

1. 80 kg ´ 2.2 = 176 lb

60 mg/m²/wk ´ 1.98 m² = 118 mg/wk

1. Height 70 in, weight 85 kg, intersects 2.08 m²

60 mg/m²/wk ´ 2.08 m² = 124.8 125 mg/wk

1. Give vincristine 2 mg/m²/week.

Patient height: 62 in

Patient weight: 75 kg

What is the weekly dose with:

1. square root method?
2. nomogram?

ANS:

1. 75 kg ´ 2.2 = 165 lb

2 mg/m²/wk ´ 1.80 m² = 3.6 mg/wk

1. Height 62 in, weight 75 kg, intersects 1.78 m²

2 mg/m²/wk ´ 1.78 m² = 3.56 3.6 mg/wk

1. Give mitomycin 15 mg/m²/week.

Patient height: 65 in

Patient weight: 64 kg

What is the weekly dose with:

1. square root method?
2. nomogram?

ANS:

1. 64 kg ´ 2.2 = 140.8 or 141 lb

15 mg/m²/wk ´ 1.71 m² = 25.6 or 26 mg/wk

1. Height 65 in, weight 64 kg, intersects 1.75 m²

15 mg/m²/wk ´ 1.75 m² = 26.25 26 mg/wk

1. Give mitoxantrone 12 mg/m²/day ´ 3 days.

Patient height: 5 ft 8 in

Patient weight: 150 lb

What is the daily dose with:

1. square root method?
2. nomogram?

ANS:

12 mg/m²/day ´ 1.80 m² = 21.6 or 22 mg/day

1. Height 68 in, weight 150 lb, intersects 1.85 m²

12 mg/m²/day ´ 1.85 m² = 22.2 22 mg/day

1. Give cytosine arabinoside 100 mg/m²/day ´ 7 days.

Patient height: 5 ft 2 in

Patient weight: 130 lb

What is the weekly dose with:

1. square root method?
2. nomogram?

ANS:

100 mg/m²/day ´ 1.6 m² = 160 mg/day

1. Height 62 in, weight 130 lb, intersects 1.65 m²

100 mg/m²/day ´ 1.65 m² = 165 mg/day

1. Give methotrexate 3.3 mg/m²/day ´ 7 days.

Patient height: 72 in

Patient weight: 82 kg

What is the daily dose with:

1. square root method?
2. nomogram?

ANS:

1. 82 kg ´ 2.2 = 180.4 lb

3.3 mg/m²/day ´ 2 m² = 6.6 mg/day

1. Height 72 in, weight 82 kg, intersects 2.10 m²

3.3 mg/m²/day ´ 2.10 m² = 6.93 6.9 mg/day

1. Give prednisone 60 mg/m²/day ´ 7 days.

Patient height: 72 in

Patient weight: 84 kg

What is the daily dose with:

1. square root method?
2. nomogram?

ANS:

1. 84 kg ´ 2.2 = 184.8 or 185 lb

60 mg/m²/day ´ 2.06 m² = 123.7 or 124 mg/day

1. Height 72 in, weight 84 kg, intersects 2.10 m²

60 mg/m²/day ´ 2.10 m² = 126 mg/day

1. Give idarubicin hydrochloride 12 mg/m²/day ´ 3 days.

Patient height: 60 in

Patient weight: 60 kg

What is the daily dose with:

1. square root method?
2. nomogram?

ANS:

1. 60 kg ´ 2.2 = 132 lb

12 mg/m²/day ´ 1.59 m² = 19.1 or 19 mg/day

1. Height 60 in, weight 60 kg, intersects 1.60 m²

12 mg/m²/day ´ 1.60 m² = 19.2 19 mg/day

1. Give cytarabine 100 mg/m²/day ´ 7 days.

Patient height: 64 in

Patient weight: 65 kg

What is the daily dose with:

1. square root method?
2. nomogram?

ANS:

1. 65 kg ´ 2.2 = 143 lb

100 mg/m²/day ´ 1.7 m² = 170 mg/day

1. Height 64 in, weight 60 kg, intersects 1.69 m²

100 mg/m²/day ´ 1.69 m² = 169 170 mg/day

1. Order: streptozocin 1000 mg/m² in 100 mL D₅W over 2 hours

Patient’s height and weight: 5 ft 2 in and 210 lb

Drug available: streptozocin 1 g powdered vial, reconstitute with 9.5 mL NS; yields 100 mg/mL

1. What is the patient’s BSA (m²)?
2. What is the total dose?
3. How many milliliters should you prepare?

ANS:

1. 2.04 m² ´ 1000 mg/m² = 2040 mg

1. Order: methotrexate 3 mg/m² PO ´ 2 weekly

Patient’s height and weight: 5 ft 2 in and 130 lb

Drug available: methotrexate tablets 2.5 mg, 5 mg, 7.5 mg

1. What is the patient’s BSA (m²)?
2. What is the total dose?

ANS:

1. 1.6 m² ´ 3 mg/m² = 4.80 mg or 5 mg tablet twice a week

1. Order: sargramostim 250 mcg/m²/day, dilute in 50 mL and infuse over 2 hours

Patient’s height and weight: 5 ft 10 in and 215 lb

Drug available: sargramostim 500 mcg/mL

1. What is the patient’s BSA (m²)?
2. What is the total dose?
3. How many milliliters should you prepare?

ANS:

1. 2.52 m² x 250 mcg/m² = 630 mcg

1. Order: clofarabine 52 mg/m² daily and infuse in 250 mL D₅W over 2 hours

Patient’s height and weight: 5 ft 4 in and 115 lb

Drug available: 20 mg/20 mL

1. What is the patient’s BSA (m²)?
2. What is the total dose?
3. How many milliliters should you prepare?

ANS:

2. 1.53 m² ´ 52 mg/m² = 79.56 mg or 80 mg

1. Chapter 8: Oral and Enteral Preparations with Clinical Applications

   OTHER

   1. Order: HydroDIURIL 50 mg, PO, daily

   Drugs available:

   1. Which bottle of HydroDIURIL would you use?
   2. How many tablets would you give? (Show your work.)

   ANS:

   1. HydroDIURIL 25 mg bottle. (You could use HydroDIURIL 100 mg bottle, but the tablet should be scored and broken in half.)

   = 2 tablets

   OR

   Cross multiply: 25x = 50

   x = 2 tablets

   OR

   RP: H : V :: D : x

   25 : 1 :: 50 : x

   25x = 50

   x = 2 tablets

   OR (using 100 mg bottle)

   1. Order: hydroxyzine pamoate 0.1 g, PO, q8h

   Drugs available:

   1. Which bottle of hydroxyzine would you use? Explain.
   2. How many tablets/capsules would you give?

   ANS:

   1. Vistaril is hydroxyzine pamoate.

   Change 0.1 g to milligrams.

   Cross multiply 100x = 100

   x = 1 cap/tab

   OR

   RP: H : V :: D : x

   100 mg : 1 tab :: 100 mg : x tab

   100x = 100

   x = 1 cap/tab

   OR (conversion needed)

   DA:

   1. Order: aspirin gr X, PO, bid

   Drug available:

   1. Gr X is equal to how many milligrams? (Use table if needed.)
   2. How many tablets would you give?

   ANS:

   1. Gr X = 650 mg
   2. 2 tablets of aspirin per dose
   1. Order: amoxicillin clavulanate (Augmentin) 0.5 g, PO, q8h

   Drugs available:

   1. Which bottle would you use?
   2. How many tablets would you give?

   ANS:

   1. Either bottle; 0.5 g = 500 mg
   2. 2 tablets of Augmentin 250 mg; 1 tablet of Augmentin 500 mg
   1. Order: megestrol acetate (Megace) 160 mg, PO, in four divided doses

   Drug available:

   1. How many milligrams should the patient receive per dose?
   2. How many tablets should the patient receive per dose?

   ANS:

   1. 160 mg ÷ 4 times a day = 40 mg per dose
   1. Order: minocycline HCl 100 mg, PO, q12h

   Drug available:

   How many capsules would you give per dose?

   ANS:

   2 capsules

   1. Order: Nitrostat 0.6 mg, SL, stat

   Drugs available:

   1. Which bottle of Nitrostat would you use?
   2. How many tablets would you give?

   ANS:

   1. Nitrostat 0.3 mg sublingual (SL) tablet for Nitrostat tablets cannot be broken.
   2. 2 tablets SL
   1. Order: Nitrostat gr 1/100, SL, stat

   Drug available:

   1. How many tablets would you give?
   2. Explain your answer.

   ANS:

   1. None from this bottle.
   2. SL tablet cannot be broken.
   1. Order: carvedilol (Coreg) 12.5 mg, PO, bid

   Drug available:

   1. How many tablets should the patient receive per dose?
   2. How many milligrams should the patient receive per day?

   ANS:

   1. 2 tablets
   2. 25 mg per day
   1. Order: acebutolol (Sectral), 200 mg, PO, bid (twice a day)

   Drugs available: acebutolol 100 mg, 200 mg, and 400 mg tablets

   1. Which acebutolol tablet you would select
   2. How many tablets would you give per dose per day?

   ANS:

   1. 200 mg tablet strength
   2. 1 tablet per dose; 2 tablets per day
   1. Order: acyclovir (Zovirax) 200 mg, PO, 5 ´ a day

   Drugs available: Zovirax 200 mg capsule; and 400 mg and 800 mg tablets

   1. Which Zovirax would you select?
   2. How many milligrams should the patient receive per day?
   3. How many tablets/capsules of Zovirax should be administered per dose?

   ANS:

   1. 200 mg capsule
   2. 1000 mg per day
   3. 1 Zovirax 200 mg capsule
   1. Order: almotriptan (Axert) 12.5 mg PO, stat. May be repeated in 2 hours only.

   Drug available: Axert 6.25 mg tablet

   1. How many tablets would you administer?
   2. If the dose is repeated in 2 hours, how many tablets should be given?

   ANS:

   1. 2 tablets
   2. 2 tablets
   1. Order: amiloride (Midamor) 10 mg, PO, in two divided doses and may increase to 15 mg per day.

   Drug available: amiloride 5 mg tablet

   1. How many tablets should the patient receive per dose?
   2. If the dose is increased, how many tablets should the patient receive per day?

   ANS:

   1. 1 tablet per dose
   2. 3 tablets per day
   1. Order: aripiprazole (Abilify) 30 mg, PO, daily for 2 weeks; then 15 mg, PO, daily

   Drugs available: Abilify, 10 mg, 15 mg, 20 mg, 30 mg tablets

   1. Which Abilify tablet would you select? Explain.
   2. How many tablet(s) daily would you give during the first 2 weeks?
   3. How many tablet(s) would you give daily after the first 2 weeks?

   ANS:

   1. Either the 15 mg or 30 mg tablet. By selecting the 15 mg tablet, the same strength could be used after the first 2 weeks.
   2. 2 tablets of Abilify 15 mg or 1 tablet of the Abilify 30 mg tablet
   3. 1 tablet of Abilify 15 mg or tablet of the Abilify 30 mg tablet
   1. Order: captopril (Capoten) 75 mg, PO, bid

   Drugs available: Capoten 12.5 mg, 25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg tablets

   1. Which Capoten strength would you select? Why?
   2. How many milligrams should the patient receive per day?
   3. If selecting the 25 mg strength, how many tablets should the patient receive per dose?

   ANS:

   1. Select 25 mg strength OR select 25 mg and 50 mg strength.
   2. 150 mg per day
   3. 3 tablets
   1. Order: cephalexin 0.5 g, PO, q6h

   Drug available:

   1. How many milligrams equal 0.5 g?
   2. How many tablets would you give?

   ANS:

   1. 2 tablets
   1. Order: cloxacillin 1 g/day, PO, in four divided doses, q6h

   Drug available:

   1. How many milligrams should the patient receive q6h?
   2. How many capsules would you give per dose?

   ANS:

   1. 1 g = 1000 mg; 1000 mg ÷ 4 = 250 mg, q6h
   2. 1 capsule of cloxacillin per dose
   1. Order: Cardizem SR 120 mg, PO, bid

   Drugs available:

   1. Which bottle of Cardizem would you use?
   2. How many milligrams per day should the patient receive?
   3. How many tablets/capsules per dose would you give?

   ANS:

   1. Cardizem SR
   2. 240 mg per day (bid means twice a day)
   3. 2 capsules of Cardizem SR per dose
   1. Order: Decadron 0.5 mg, PO, tid

   Drug available:

   1. How many milligrams should the patient receive per day?
   2. How many tablets would you give per dose?

   ANS:

   1. 1.5 mg of Decadron per day (tid means three times per day)
   1. Order: Cipro 0.5 g, PO, q12h

   Drug available:

   1. How many tablets would you give per dose?
   2. How many milligrams would you give per day?

   ANS:

   1. 1 tablet
   2. 1000 mg of Cipro per day
   1. Order: carbidopa-levodopa, 50 mg carbidopa/200 mg levodopa, PO, bid

   Drug available: 25 mg carbidopa/100 mg levodopa ER tablet

   How many ER tablets should the patient receive per dose?

   ANS:

   2 ER tablets per dose

   1. Order: chlorzoxazone (Paraflex) 750 mg, PO, tid

   Drugs available: chlorzoxazone 250 mg and 500 mg tablet

   1. How many milligrams should the patient receive per day?
   2. Which chlorzoxazone strength would you select? Explain

   ANS:

   1. 250 mg per day
   2. Select the 250 mg strength; give 3 tablets OR give one 250 mg tablet and one 500 mg tablet.
   1. Order: colesevelam (Welchol) 1250 mg, PO, bid with meals

   Drug available: colesevelam 625 mg tablet

   How many tablets should the patient receive per dose?

   ANS:

   2 tablets

   1. Order: doxazosin (Cardura) 0.5 mg, PO, at bedtime; increase as needed

   Drugs available: doxazosin 1 mg, 2 mg, 4 mg, and 8 mg tablets

   1. Which doxazosin strength would you select?
   2. How many tablets would you give?

   ANS:

   1. 1 mg doxazosin tablet strength
   2. tablet
   1. Order: procainamide (Procan) SR 0.5 g, PO, q6h

   Drug available:

   1. How many grams should the patient receive per day?
   2. How many tablets of Procan will you give per dose?

   ANS:

   1. 2 g per day
   2. 1 tablet of Procan SR per dose
   1. Order: Mandelamine 1 g, PO, q12h

   Drug available:

   How many tablets would you give?

   ANS:

   2 tablets of Mandelamine 0.5 g

   1. Order: methyldopa (Aldomet) 0.75 g, PO, bid

   Drug available:

   1. How many grams of Aldomet should the patient receive per day?
   2. How many milligrams per day?
   3. How many tablets would you give per dose?

   ANS:

   1. 1 g = 1000 mg; 1.5 g per day
   2. 1500 mg per day
   1. Order: digoxin (Lanoxin) 0.5 mg, PO, daily

   Drugs available:

   1. Which bottle of digoxin (Lanoxin) would you use?
   2. How many tablets would you give?

   ANS:

   1. Lanoxin 250 mcg (0.25 mg) bottle
   2. 2 tablets (or 4 tablets of 125 mcg bottle)
   1. Order: fenofibrate (Antara) 90 mg, PO, daily

   Drugs available: Antara 45 mg, 87 mg, and 130 mg capsules

   1. Which Antara strength would you select?
   2. How many capsules would you give per day?

   ANS:

   1. Antara 45 mg strength
   2. 2 capsules per day
   1. Order: bisoprolol (Zebeta) 5 mg, PO, for 4 weeks; increase to 10 mg for

   the next 4 weeks and 15 mg after the last 4 weeks

   Drug available:

   1. How many tablets would you give for the first 4 weeks?
   2. How many tablets would you give for the next 4 weeks?
   3. How many tablets would you give during the third 4 weeks?

   ANS:

   1. 1 tablet
   2. 2 tablets
   3. 3 tablets
   1. Order: kanamycin 0.5 g, PO, q12h

   Parameter: 15 mg/kg/day in two or three divided doses

   Patient weighs 68 kg

   Drug available:

   1. Is the patient’s daily dose within safe dose parameters? Explain.
   2. How many tablets would you give per dose?

   ANS:

   1. Parameter: 15 mg ´ 68 kg = 1020 mg per day. Ordered dose is 1 g or 1000 mg per day, which is within safe dose parameters.
   2. 0.5 g = 500 mg; 1 capsule per dose
   1. Order: cefuroxime (Ceftin) 0.25 g, PO, bid

   Drug available:

   1. How many milligrams equals 0.25 g?
   2. How many tablets would you give per dose?

   ANS:

   1. 2 tablets of cefuroxime 125 mg per dose
   1. Order: ethambutol (Myambutal) 15 mg/kg/day, PO

   Drugs available: Myambutal 100 mg and 400 mg tablets

   Patient weight: 67 kg

   1. How many Myambutal should the patient receive per day?
   2. Which strength Myambutal would you select?
   3. How many tablets would you give?

   ANS:

   1. 15 ´ 67 kg = 1005 mg or 1000 mg
   2. 400 mg strength
   3. 2.5 tablets per day
   1. Order: etodolac 1.2 g/day, PO, in three divided doses

   Drug available: etodolac 200 mg capsules

   1. How many milligrams should the patient receive per dose?
   2. How many capsules would you give per dose?

   ANS:

   1. 1.2 g = 1200 mg; 1200 ÷ 3 = 400 mg per dose
   2. 2 capsules of etodolac 200 mg per dose
   1. Order: Compazine 10 mg, PO, qid

   Drug available:

   (Maximum dose is 40 mg/day.)

   1. Is the dose per day within safe parameters? Explain.
   2. How many tablets would you give per dose?

   ANS:

   1. Yes; 10 mg, qid = 40 mg per day (qid means 4 times a day)
   2. 2 tablets of Compazine per dose
   1. Order: glyburide 2.5 mg, PO, daily

   Drugs available: Glyburide 1.25 mg and 5 mg

   1. Which bottle of glyburide would you use?
   2. How many tablets of glyburide would you give?

   ANS:

   1. Either bottle of glyburide is OK, but the 1.25 mg bottle is preferred because it prevents breaking a 5-mg tablet in half.
   2. 2 tablets of glyburide 1.25 mg, or tablet of glyburide 5 mg
   1. Order: prazosin 4 mg, PO, tid

   Drugs available: prazosin 1 mg, 2 mg, and 5 mg caplets

   1. Which bottle of prazosin would you use?
   2. How many capsules would you give per dose?

   ANS:

   1. Prazosin 2 mg bottle
   1. Order: levothyroxine 25 mcg, PO, daily

   Drugs available: levothyroxine 0.025 mg and 0.05 mg tablet

   Change micrograms (mcg) into milligrams. Move the decimal point three spaces to the left

   1. 25 mcg = _____ mg
   2. Which levothyroxine tablet would you select?
   3. How many tablets would you give per day?

   ANS:

   1. 0.025 mg

   b.0.025 mg tablet

   c.1 tablet

   1. Order: Nitrostat tablets

   Drugs available:

   1. Which of these nitroglycerin preparations is most potent?
   2. How is Nitrostat SL administered? Why?

   ANS:

   1. Nitrostat 0.6 mg or 1/100 gr
   2. SL (under the tongue); drug is absorbed by the sublingual vessels under the tongue because gastric juices destroy the drug.
   1. Order: pindolol 5 mg, PO, bid; after 2 weeks increase dose to 20 mg/day in two divided doses

   Drugs available:

   1. How many tablets of pindolol should the patient receive per dose for the first 2 weeks?
   2. How many tablets of pindolol should the patient receive per dose after 2 weeks?

   ANS:

   1. 1 tablet (5 mg bottle)
   2. 2 tablets (5 mg bottle); 1 tablet (10 mg bottle) per dose
   1. Order: ethambutol HCl 200 mg, PO, qid

   Parameter: 15 mg/kg/day

   Patient weighs 121 lb

   Drugs available: ethambutol 100 mg and 400 mg

   1. How many kilograms does the patient weigh?
   2. What is the maximum dose the patient should receive per day?
   3. Which bottle of ethambutol would you use?
   4. How many tablets would you give?

   ANS:

   1. 121 lb ÷ 2.2 kg = 55 kg
   2. 15 mg ´ 55 kg = 825 mg per day; dose is within safe dose parameter of 825 mg per day or 800 mg per day.
   3. Ethambutol 100 mg bottle
   4. 2 tablets from ethambutol 100 mg bottle per dose.
   1. Order: aminocaproic acid (Amicar) 1.5 g, PO, stat, and may repeat in 1 hour

   Drug available:

   1. How many milligrams are in 1.5 g?
   2. How many tablets would you give?

   ANS:

   1. 3 tablets of aminocaproic acid from Amicar 500 mg bottle
   1. Order: capecitabine (Xeloda) 2500 mg/m²/day in two divided doses

   Patient height: 64 in; weight 160 lb

   Drugs available: Xeloda 150 mg and 500 mg tablets

   1. Using the nomogram, what is the BSA or m²?
   2. Patient should receive how many mg per day and per dose?
   3. Which of the Xeloda strengths would you use?
   4. How many tablets should the patient receive per dose?

   ANS:

   1. BSA 1.8
   2. 4500 mg per day; 2250 mg per dose
   3. Select Xeloda 500 mg strength.
   4. 4days per day using the 500 mg strength
   1. Order: mercaptopurine (6-MP), 80 mg/m²/day, PO

   Patient BSA (m²) is 1.8

   Drug available: mercaptopurine 50 mg tablets

   1. How many milligrams should the patient receive per day?
   2. How many tablets should the patient receive per day

   ANS:

   1. 144 mg per day
   2. 2.88 tablets or 3 tablets (round off) per day
   1. Order: timolol maleate (Blocadren) 10 mg, PO, bid; then, after 2 weeks, the patient is to receive 40 mg in two divided doses

   Drugs available:

   1. Which bottle of Blocadren would you choose for the first 2 weeks?
   2. How many tablets should the patient receive per dose during the first 2 weeks?
   3. Which bottle of Blocadren would you choose after the first 2 weeks? Why?
   4. How many tablets should the patient receive per dose after the second week?

   ANS:

   1. Blocadren 10 mg
   2. 1 tablet of Blocadren of 10 mg
   3. Blocadren 20 mg; fewer tablets to give
   4. 1 tablet of Blocadren of 20 mg
   1. Order: codeine gr 1, PO, stat

   Drug available:

   How many tablets of codeine would you give?

   ANS:

   1. Order: propranolol (Inderal) 30 mg, PO, tid

   Drugs available: propranolol 10 mg, 20 mg, 40 mg, 60 mg, and 80 mg

   1. Which bottle(s) of propranolol would you use?
   2. How many tablets would you give per dose?

   ANS:

   1. Propranolol 10 mg and 20 mg bottles
   2. 1 tablet from each bottle per dose (could use the 60 mg bottle and give tablet)
   1. Order: Tagamet 0.4 g, PO, bid, and 0.8 g, at hour of sleep

   Drugs available:

   1. Which bottle of Tagamet would you use?
   2. How many tablets would you give per dose during the day? How many tablets at hour of sleep?

   ANS:

   1. 0.4 g = 400 mg; either bottle is OK, but Tagamet 400 mg is preferred.
   2. Using a Tagamet 400 mg bottle, give 1 tablet per dose during the day and 2 tablets at night (hs). Using a Tagamet 200 mg bottle, give 2 tablets per dose during the day and 4 tablets at night.
   1. Order: cinoxacin 1 g/day, PO, in two divided doses

   Drugs available: cinoxacin 250 mg and 500 mg capsules

   1. What are the specific times for the patient to receive cinoxacin?
   2. How many grams or milligrams per dose?
   3. Which bottle of cinoxacin would you use?
   4. How many capsules would you give?

   ANS:

   1. Two divided doses q12h
   2. 0.5 g or 500 mg per dose
   3. Either bottle is OK, but cinoxacin 500 mg is preferred.
   4. Using the cinoxacin 500 mg, give 1 capsule per dose; using cinoxacin 250 mg, give 2 capsules per dose.
   1. Order: captopril (Capoten) 50 mg, PO, bid

   Drugs available: captopril 12.5 mg, 25 mg, and 37.5 mg tablets

   1. Which bottle of captopril would you use?
   2. How many tablets would the patient receive per dose?

   ANS:

   1. Captopril 25 mg bottle
   2. 2 tablets of captopril per dose
   1. Order: moxifloxacin (Avelox) 400 mg, PO, daily for 5 days; then 200 mg

   PO, daily for the next 5 days.

   Drug available:

   1. How many tablets would you give for the first 5 days?
   2. How many tablets would you give for the next 5 days?

   ANS:

   1. 1 tablet of Avelox
   2. tablet of Avelox
   1. Order: amlodipine (Norvasc) 2.5 mg, PO, daily and increase to 5 mg daily.

   Drugs available: Norvasc 5 mg and 10 mg tablets

   1. Which Norvasc strength would you select?
   2. How many tablets would you give for 2.5 mg?
   3. With an increase dosage of 5 mg, how many tablets would you give?

   ANS:

   1. Select the Norvasc 5 mg strength.
   2. tablet of Norvasc for 2.5 mg
   3. 1 tablet of Norvasc
   1. Order: pravastatin (Pravachol) 20 mg, PO, at bedtime

   Drug available:

   How many tablets would you give?

   ANS:

   2 tablets

   1. Order: betamethasone (Celestone) 2.4 mg, PO, daily

   Drug available: betamethasone 0.6 mg tablets

   How many tablets would you give?

   ANS:

   1. Order: dexamethasone (Decadron) 3 mg, PO, bid

   Drugs available:

   1. Which bottle of Decadron would you use?
   2. How many tablets would you give per dose?

   ANS:

   1. Decadron 1.5 mg bottle
   2. 2 tablets per dose (or if the 6.0 mg tablet is scored, you can break the tablet in half and give tablet)
   1. Order: Dilantin 0.1 g, PO, daily

   Drugs available: phenytoin (Dilantin) 30 mg and 100 mg capsules

   1. Which bottle of Dilantin would you use?
   2. How many capsules of Dilantin would you give?

   ANS:

   1. 1 capsule from phenytoin 100 mg bottle
   1. Order: phenytoin (Dilantin) 1 g, PO, loading dose (LD) in three divided doses in 24 hours

   Parameter: 15 to 18 mg/kg/LD

   Patient weighs 60 kg

   Drug available: Dilantin 100 mg capsule

   1. In 24 hours, three divided doses would be how often?
   2. How many milligrams would the patient receive per dose in 24 hours?
   3. Is the dose within safe parameters? Explain.
   4. How many capsules would you give per dose?

   ANS:

   1. 8 hours (q8h)
   2. Per dose: (1) 300 mg, (2) 300 mg, and (3) 400 mg
   3. Yes, the dose is within safe dose parameters (900-1080 mg). Parameters: 15 mg ´ 60 = 900 mg; 18 mg ´ 60 = 1080 mg.
   4. (1) 3 capsules, (2) 3 capsules, and (3) 4 capsules
   1. Order: meprobamate (Equanil) 1.2 g/day, in three divided doses

   Drugs available: Equanil 200 mg and 400 mg tablets

   1. How many milligrams would the patient receive per dose?
   2. Which bottle of meprobamate would you use?
   3. How many tablets would you give per dose?

   ANS:

   1. 1.2 g = 1200 mg; 1200 ÷ 3 = 400 mg per dose
   2. Either bottle is OK, but meprobamate 400 mg bottle is preferred.
   3. 1 tablet per dose from meprobamate 400 mg bottle
   1. Order: cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) 200 mg, PO, daily

   Parameter: 1 to 5 mg/kg/day

   Patient weighs 100 lb

   Drug available:

   1. How many kilograms does the patient weigh?
   2. Is the dose of Cytoxan within the parameter range? Explain.
   3. How many tablets would you give?

   ANS:

   1. 100 lb ÷ 2.2 = 45.5 kg
   2. 1 mg ´ 45.5 = 45.5 mg; 5 mg ´ 45.5 = 227.3; Yes; dose is within safe parameters.
   3. 4 tablets of Cytoxan per dose
   1. Order: Dilantin 100 mg, PO, daily

   Drug available: Dilantin 250 mg per 5 mL

   How many milliliters would you give?

   ANS:

   1. Order: escitalopram (Lexapro) 7.5 mg, PO in the AM daily

   Drug available: Lexapro 5 mg/5 mL

   How many milliliters would you give in the AM?

   ANS:

   7.5 mL in the AM

   1. Order: famotidine (Pepcid) 40 mg, PO, bedtime for 4 weeks, then 20 mg

   at bedtime for the next 4 weeks

   Drug available: Pepcid 40 mg/5 mL

   1. How many milliliters should the patient receive at bedtime for the first 4 weeks?
   2. How many milliliters should the patient receive at bedtime for the next 4 weeks?

   ANS:

   1. 5 mL for the first 4 weeks
   2. 2or 2.5 mL for the second 4 weeks
   1. Order: fluphenazine HCl (Prolixin) 5 mg, PO, q6h

   Drug available: fluphenazine HCl 2.5 mg/5 mL

   1. How many milligrams should the patient receive per day?
   2. How many milliliters should the patient receive per dose?

   ANS:

   1. 20 mg per day
   2. 10 mL per dose
   1. Order: amoxicillin 200 mg, PO, q8h

   Drug available:

   How many milliliters of amoxicillin would you give per dose?

   ANS:

   4 mL of amoxicillin per dose

   1. Order: Artane 1 mg, PO initially

   Drug available:

   How many milliliters would you give initially?

   ANS:

   1. Order: Artane 5 mg, PO, bid

   Drug available:

   How many milliliters of Artane would you give per dose?

   ANS:

   1. Order: minocycline (Minocin) 100 mg, PO, q12h

   Drug available:

   How many milliliters would you administer per dose?

   ANS:

   10 mL of minocycline per dose

   1. Order: ampicillin (Principen) 150 mg, PO, q6h

   Drug available:

   How many milliliters of ampicillin would you give?

   ANS:

   1. Order: doxycycline monohydrate (Vibramycin) 100 mg, PO, initially; then 100 mg, PO, in two divided doses per day

   Drug available:

   1. How many milliliters should the patient receive initially?
   2. How many milligrams should the patient receive per dose after the initial dose?
   3. How many milliliters should the patient receive per dose after the initial dose?

   ANS:

   1. 20 mL initially
   2. 50 mg
   3. 10 mL
   1. Order: potassium chloride 30 mEq, PO, daily with food

   Drug available: potassium chloride 20 mEq/15 mL

   How many milliliters of potassium chloride would the patient receive?

   ANS:

   1. Order: docusate sodium (Colace) 200 mg, PO, daily per nasogastric tube

   Drug available: Colace 50 mg/5 mL

   How many milliliters of Colace would the patient receive?

   ANS:

   20 mL of Colace per day

   RP: H : V :: D : x

   50 mg : 5 mL :: 200 mg : x

   50x = 1000

   x = 20 mL

   1. Order: azithromycin (Zithromax) 300 mg, PO, first day, then 160 mg, PO, per day for the second through the fifth days

   Drug available:

   1. How many milliliters should the patient receive the first day?
   2. How many milliliters should the patient receive per dose for the next 4 days?

   ANS:

   1. 7.5 mL first day
   1. Order: cefuroxime axetil (Ceftin) 350 mg, PO, bid

   Drug available:

   1. How many milligrams should the patient receive per day?
   2. How many milliliters should the patient receive per dose?

   ANS:

   1. 700 mg of Ceftin per day
   2. 7 mL per dose
   1. Order: cefadroxil (Duricef) 1 g/day, PO, in two divided doses

   Drugs available:

   1. How many milligrams would the patient receive per dose?
   2. Which bottle of Duricef would you use?
   3. How many milliliters would you give per dose?

   ANS:

   1. 500 mg per dose
   2. Either bottle is OK, but Duricef 500 mg/5 mL bottle is preferred.
   3. Using Duricef 500 mg/5 mL bottle, give 5 mL per dose; using Duricef 250 mg/5 mL, give 10 mL per dose.
   1. Order: Cephalexin 0.5 g, PO, q6h

   Drug available:

   How many milliliters would the patient receive per dose? (Convert grams to milligrams.)

   ANS:

   0.5 g = 500 mg; thus, give 10 mL of cephalexin per dose

   1. Order: prochlorperazine (Compazine) 7.5 mg, PO, qid

   Drug available:

   How many milliliters of Compazine would the patient receive per dose?

   ANS:

   7.5 mL of Compazine per dose

   1. Order: cyproheptadine 4 mg, PO, tid

   Drug available: cyproheptadine 2 mg/5 mL syrup

   1. How many milligrams should the patient receive per day?
   2. How many milliliters should the patient receive per dose?

   ANS:

   1. Patient should receive 12 mg per day.
   2. Cyproheptadine 10 mL per dose
   1. Order: donepezil (Aricept) 5 mg, PO, daily at bedtime

   Drug available: Aricept 1 mg/ mL oral liquid

   How many milliliters should the patient receive at bedtime?

   ANS:

   5 mL of Aricept at bedtime

   1. Order: esomeprazole (Nexium) 20 mg, PO, per day

   Available: Nexium oral suspension powder, 40 mg, mixed with 10 mL

   How many milliliters would you give the patient per day?

   ANS:

   5 mL of Nexium oral solution per day

   1. Order: chlorpromazine (Thorazine) 25 mg, PO, qid

   Drug available:

   How many milliliters of Thorazine would the patient receive per dose?

   ANS:

   1. Order: theophylline 120 mg, PO, daily

   Drug available: theophylline elixir 80 mg/15 mL

   How many milliliters of theophylline would you give?

   ANS:

   Give 22.5 mL of theophylline per day.

   1. Order: theophylline 5 mg/kg, PO, loading dose

   Patient weight: 55 kg

   Drug available: theophylline elixir 50 mg/5 mL

   How many milliliters of theophylline would you give?

   ANS:

   Loading dose is 275 mg according to weight, so give 27.5 mL of theophylline as a loading dose.

   5 mg ´ 55 kg = 275 mg

   RP : H : V :: D : x

   50 mg : 5 mL :: 275 mg : x

   50x = 1375

   x = 27.5 mL

   OR

   DA:

   1. Order: amoxicillin/clavulanate (Augmentin) 0.25 g, PO, q8h

   Drug available:

   How many milliliters of Augmentin would you give per dose?

   ANS:

   0.25 g = 250 mg; thus, give 10 mL of Augmentin per dose.

   1. Order: ampicillin 0.5 g, PO, q8h

   Drug available:

   How many milliliters of ampicillin would you give per dose?

   ANS:

   0.5 g = 500 mg; thus, give 10 mL of ampicillin per dose.

   1. Order: methyldopa (Aldomet) 400 mg, PO, bid

   Drug available:

   How many milliliters would you give per dose?

   ANS:

   8 mL of Aldomet per dose

   1. Order: albuterol 4 mg, PO, tid

   Drug available: albuterol 2 mg/5 mL

   How many milliliters of albuterol would you give per dose?

   ANS:

   1. Order: cimetidine (Tagamet) 200 mg, PO, qid with meals

   Drug available:

   How many milliliters of Tagamet would you give?

   ANS:

   1. Order: potassium chloride (KCl) 15 mEq, PO, bid

   Drug available: potassium chloride 10 mEq/15 mL

   1. How many milliliters of KCl would you give per dose?
   2. How many milliequivalents (mEq) of KCl would the patient receive per day?
   3. How many milliliters of KCl per day?

   ANS:

   1. 22.5 mL of potassium chloride per dose
   2. 30 mEq of KCl per day
   3. 45 mL of KCl per day
   1. Order: furosemide (Lasix) 30 mg, PO, bid

   Drug available: furosemide 8 mg/mL

   How many milliliters of furosemide would you give?

   ANS:

   3.75 mL of furosemide per dose

   1. Order: acyclovir (Zovirax) 400 mg, PO, bid

   Drug available:

   How many milliliters of Zovirax would you give per dose?

   ANS:

   10 mL of Zovirax per dose

   1. Order: diphenhydramine 50 mg, PO, q6h

   Drug available: diphenhydramine 12.5 mg/5 mL

   How many milliliters of diphenhydramine would you give per dose?

   ANS:

   20 mL of diphenhydramine per dose

   1. Order: lactulose 30 g, PO, tid

   Drug available: lactulose 10 g/15 mL

   How many milliliters of lactulose would you give per dose?

   ANS:

   45 mL of lactulose per dose

   1. Order: guaifenesin 400 mg, PO, q4h ´ 5 days or until cough subsides

   Drug available: guaifenesin 100 mg/5 mL

   How many milliliters of guaifenesin would you give per dose?

   ANS:

   20 mL of guaifenesin per dose

   1. Order: ondansetron (Zofran 5 mg, PO, 30 minutes before narcotic administration

   Drug available:

   How many milliliters would you give before narcotic administration?

   ANS:

   Cross multiply 4x = 25

   x = 6. 25 or 6 mL (rounded off) 30 minutes before narcotic

   1. Order: paroxetine (Paxil) 20 mg, PO, daily

   Drug available: Paxil oral suspension 10 mg/5 mL

   How many milliliters would you give per day?

   ANS:

   10 mL of Paxil

   1. Order: promethazine 25 mg, PO, bid

   Drug available: promethazine 6.25 mg/5 mL

   How many milliliters of promethazine would you give per dose?

   ANS:

   1. Order: erythromycin 2 g/day in four divided doses

   Drug available:

   1. Four divided doses would be equivalent to every _____ hours.
   2. How many milligrams would the patient receive per dose?
   3. How many milliliters of erythromycin would you give per dose?

   ANS:

   1. 6 hours (q6h)
   2. 2 g = 2000 mg ÷ 4 = 500 mg per dose
   3. 10 mL of erythromycin per dose
   1. Order: clindamycin 300 mg, PO, q8h

   Drug available: clindamycin 75 mg/mL

   How many milliliters of clindamycin would you give per dose?

   ANS:

   4 mL of clindamycin per dose

   1. Order: nystatin (Mycostatin) 0.5 million units, qid, swish and swallow

   Drug available:

   How many milliliters of Mycostatin per dose would you pour?

   ANS:

   0.5 million units = 500,000 units; thus, give 5 mL of Mycostatin per dose.

   1. Order: Crestor 10 mg, PO, daily with evening meal

   Drugs available:

   1. Which Crestor bottle would you select?
   2. How many tablets would you give?

   ANS:

   1. Either Crestor bottle could be selected; the Crestor 10 mg bottle is preferred.
   2. Give 2 tablets of Crestor from the 5 mg bottle. If the Crestor 10 mg bottle is used, then give 1 tablet.
   1. Order: zidovudine (Retrovir) 100 mg by nasogastric tube, q6h

   Drug available:

   1. How many milligrams should the patient receive per day?
   2. How many milliliters would you give per dose?

   ANS:

   1. 400 mg per day of zidovudine
   2. 10 mL per dose of zidovudine
   1. Order: lamivudine (Epivir) 0.15 g, PO, bid

   Drug available:

   1. How many milligrams should the patient receive per day?
   2. How many milliliters should the patient receive per dose?

   ANS:

   1. 15 mL per dose of lamivudin