Community-Based Nursing An Introduction 3rd Edition By Melanie McEwen A+

Description

1. Diseases of microbial etiology are best explained by which epidemiologic model?

1.	The Emory model
2.	The epidemiology triangle
3.	The iceberg
4.	The web of causation

ANS: 2 DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: Page Reference: 85-86

OBJ: 2 TOP: Models of Disease Causation

1. During March of 2008, there were 215 new cases of tuberculosis (TB) reported in Illinois. This represents the:

1.	Crude morbidity.
2.	Incidence.
3.	Prevalence.
4.	Specific case rate.

ANS: 4 DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: Page Reference: 90

OBJ: 4 TOP: Rates

1. The number of existing cases of a disease divided by the total population at a point in time is the definition of:

1.	Crude morbidity rate.
2.	Incidence rate.
3.	Prevalence rate.
4.	Specific case rate.

ANS: 3 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Page Reference: 90

OBJ: 4 TOP: Rates

1. The epidemiologic investigations into Gulf War Syndrome, which attempt to identify risk factors and the causative agent(s) and to quantify the association between exposure and outcomes are examples of:

1.	Analytic epidemiology.
2.	Aggregate analysis epidemiology.
3.	Classical epidemiology.
4.	Descriptive epidemiology.
5.	Experimental epidemiology.

ANS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: Page Reference: 65

OBJ: 6 TOP: Descriptive and Analytic Epidemiology

1. The epidemiologic model that best explains diseases of multifactoral causes such as cancer and heart disease is:

1.	The Emory model.
2.	The epidemiologic triangle.
3.	The iceberg model.
4.	The web of causation.

ANS: 4 DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: Page Reference: 87

OBJ: 2 TOP: Models of Disease Causation

1. Fifteen students from a local elementary school developed hepatitis A. The source of the infection was traced to a contaminated well that supplies drinking water to one of the school’s three water fountains. This is an example of a:

1.	Common (point source) epidemic.
2.	Propagated epidemic.
3.	Vectorborne infection.
4.	Zoonosis.

ANS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Application

REF: Page Reference: 86 (Box 6-2) OBJ: 1 TOP: Terms and Concepts

1. Bobby Jones exposed all of the children in Miss Smith’s kindergarten class to chickenpox in early February. By the end of April, more than 30% of the students in the school had come down with chickenpox. This is an example of a:

1.	Common (point source) epidemic.
2.	Propagated outbreak.
3.	Vectorborne infection.
4.	Zoonosis.

ANS: 2 DIF: Cognitive Level: Application

REF: Page Reference: 86 (Box 6-2) OBJ: 1 TOP: Terms and Concepts

1. On October 1 of the current year, the Florida Department of Health published statistics for several diseases for the first three quarters of the year. As of October 1, there have been 825 new cases of TB, 1206 new cases of AIDS, and 25 new cases of Lyme disease. The total number of active TB cases is 3221, of AIDS is 25,322, and of Lyme disease is 201. The incidence of AIDS in Florida during the first 9 months is:

1.	603 cases.
2.	1206 cases.
3.	12,661 cases.
4.	25,322 cases.

ANS: 2 DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: Page Reference: 90

OBJ: 4 TOP: Rates

1. Among others, uses of epidemiology include all of the following except:

1.	Convincing members of cohorts of individual risk based on group data.
2.	Determination of the natural history of a disease.
3.	Diagnosis of the health of a community.
4.	Evaluation of health services and health interventions.
5.	Identification of syndromes.

ANS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension

REF: Page Reference: 85 (Box 6-1) OBJ: 1 TOP: Terms and Concepts

1. Which individual would be the greatest threat to the health of the community?

1.	Gary Griffith, who is being treated for syphilis
2.	Jenny Jones, who has taken antibiotics for 2 days for strep throat
3.	Marvin Morgan, who has a subclinical case of typhoid
4.	Sally Smith, who has a positive tuberculin skin test

ANS: 3 DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis REF: Page Reference: 87-88

OBJ: 2 TOP: Models of Disease Causation

1. In India and in other countries in Asia and Northern Africa, Hansen disease (leprosy) is present at rates that vary little from year to year. This is an example of a disease that is:

1.	Endemic.
2.	Epidemic.
3.	Pandemic.
4.	Terrademic.

ANS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Application

REF: Page Reference: 86 (Box 6-2) OBJ: 1 TOP: Terms and Concepts

1. Host factors that affect the health of members of aggregates and communities include:

1.	Age, diet, hygiene, anatomic factors, and response to stress.
2.	Climate, pollution, insects, drugs, and animals.
3.	Public policy, population density, customs health services, and occupation.
4.	Radiation, temperature, noise levels, viruses, and allergens.
5.	Virulence, infectivity, immunogenicity, and life cycle.

ANS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension

REF: Page Reference: 87 (Box 6-3) OBJ: 2 TOP: Models of Disease Causation

1. Diseases that are spread through contaminated water or food or contact with dirty items such as money or toys are said to be:

1.	Airborne.
2.	Common source.
3.	Vectorborne.
4.	Vehicleborne.

ANS: 4 DIF: Cognitive Level: Application

REF: Page Reference: 86 (Box 6-2) OBJ: 1 TOP: Terms and Concepts

1. Diseases that are spread through an arthropod to a susceptible host (e.g., malaria, Lyme disease) are said to be:

1.	Airborne.
2.	Common source.
3.	Vectorborne.
4.	Vehicleborne.

ANS: 3 DIF: Cognitive Level: Application

REF: Page Reference: 86 (Box 6-2) OBJ: 1 TOP: Terms and Concepts

1. To find information on specific causes of deaths in a given community, a nurse in community-based practice should consult the:

1.	Bureau of the Census.
2.	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
3.	Local, county, or state vital statistics department.
4.	National Center for Health Statistics.

ANS: 3 DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: Page Reference: 92

OBJ: 5 TOP: Data Sources

1. On completion of a TB screening program at County Hospital, Luke Sanders, RN, identified 3 employees (of 600 tested) with newly positive TB tests. According to the state health department, the rate of TB in the county is 15/100,000 and the state rate is 5/100,000. Based on this information, Luke determined that the TB rate at County Hospital is:

1.	Higher than the state rate but lower than the county rate.
2.	Higher than both the state and county rates.
3.	Lower than both the state and county rates.
4.	Lower than the state rate but higher than the county rate.

ANS: 2 DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis REF: Page Reference: 90

OBJ: 4 TOP: Rates

1. In June 2007, West Nile Virus sickened 67 persons in New York and northern New Jersey, causing the death of 7 persons. This outbreak report summary is an example of:

1.	Analytic epidemiology.
2.	Descriptive epidemiology.
3.	Environmental epidemiology.
4.	Experimental epidemiology.
5.	International exposure epidemiology.

ANS: 2 DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: Page Reference: 94

OBJ: 6 TOP: Descriptive and Analytic Epidemiology

1. The epidemiologic triangle is particularly useful as a model to explain infectious diseases such as measles and HIV, because it examines:

1.	Biologic, sociologic, and physical dimensions.
2.	Host, agent, and environment.
3.	Person, place, and time.
4.	Multiple risk factor causality.

ANS: 2 DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: Page Reference: 85-86

OBJ: 2 TOP: Models of Disease Causation

1. During 2006 in Woodland County, there were 175 cases of syphilis reported to the health department. In July 2006, there were approximately 250,000 residents of Woodland County. Thus the incidence of syphilis for 2006 was:

1.	7 per 1000.
2.	7 per 100,000.
3.	70 per 100,000.
4.	700 per 100,000.

ANS: 3 DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: Page Reference: 90

OBJ: 4 TOP: Rates

1. In May 2008, in response to an outbreak of TB in her city, public health nurse Jenny Myers was called on to direct screening in two schools. Andrews Elementary School had 400 students during the screening, and 10 students tested positive. At Blackwell High School, 30 of 1200 students tested positive. Following analysis, Jenny determined that the TB prevalence rates were:

1.	About the same at both schools.
2.	Higher at Blackwell than at Andrews.
3.	Higher at Andrews than at Blackwell.
4.	Impossible to determine due to the small population size.

ANS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis REF: Page Reference: 90

OBJ: 4 TOP: Rates

1. According to recent statistical data, the 10 leading causes of death in the United States include all of the following except:

1.	Accidents.
2.	AIDS.
3.	Alzheimer’s disease.
4.	Diabetes.
5.	Pneumonia and influenza.

ANS: 2 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge

REF: Page Reference: 94 (Table 6-3) OBJ: 4 TOP: Rates

1. Herd immunity:

1.	Conceptualizes the theory that urbanization has reduced innate immunity due to increased exposure to crowded conditions and poverty.
2.	Implies that nonimmune individuals in a community will be safe if greater than 80% of the population is immune to a particular disease.
3.	Is produced through vaccination using equine- and bovine-derived serums for certain diseases.
4.	Refers to widespread vaccine failure due to improper handling or administration.

ANS: 2 DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: Text Reference: 86 (Box 6-2)

OBJ: 1 TOP: Terms and Concepts

1. An interaction group for parents to cope with sudden infant death syndrome would be considered:

1.	Primary prevention.
2.	Secondary prevention.
3.	Tertiary prevention.
4.	Health promotion.

ANS: 3 DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: Page Reference: 89

OBJ: 3 TOP: Levels of Prevention

1. Review of all recent cases of testicular cancer in Graceland County revealed that 80% occurred in men who had been employed at the local paper mills. An example of secondary prevention for occupational health nurses would be:

1.	Encouraging a statewide boycott of all products supplied by the paper mills.
2.	Examining all toxic substances emitted by wood processing for carcinogenic properties.
3.	Instituting support groups for men with testicular cancer and their families.
4.	Teaching testicular self-examination to all male employees of the paper mills.

ANS: 4 DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: Page Reference: 89

OBJ: 3 TOP: Levels of Prevention

1. Vision testing and hearing testing performed on elementary and middle school children are examples of:

1.	Health promotion.
2.	Primary prevention.
3.	Secondary prevention.
4.	Tertiary prevention.

ANS: 3 DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: Page Reference: 89

OBJ: 3 TOP: Levels of Prevention

1. Yearly immunization to prevent influenza in area elders and those with chronic health conditions is an example of:

1.	Health promotion.
2.	Primary prevention.
3.	Secondary prevention.
4.	Tertiary prevention.

ANS: 2 DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: Page Reference: 89

OBJ: 3 TOP: Levels of Prevention

1. An example of a primary prevention intervention in a chemical plant would be a:

1.	Health fair for all employees and their families.
2.	Support group for employees who want to overcome problems with alcohol.
3.	Weight-reduction program for overweight individuals.
4.	Yearly physical examinations for all employees.

ANS: 3 DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: Page Reference: 89

OBJ: 3 TOP: Levels of Prevention

1. Census data are collected every 10 years. The data include household information about the age, gender, ethnicity, income, and education of family members, as well as:

1.	Causes of death of family members.
2.	Housing characteristics such as number of rooms, number of bathrooms, and whether the residence is rented.
3.	Information on chronic illnesses.
4.	Lifestyle habits such as alcohol and cigarette consumption and exercise.

ANS: 2 DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: Page Reference: 91

OBJ: 5 TOP: Data Sources

McEwen: Community-Based Nursing, 3^rd Edition

Test Bank

Chapter 7: Environmental Health Issues

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Drunk driving, involuntary smoking, noise exposure, traffic congestion, and urban crowding are problems that influence health due to:

1.	Atmospheric quality.
2.	Living patterns.
3.	Violence risks.
4.	Work risks.

ANS: 2 DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension

REF: Page Reference: 103 (Table 7-1) OBJ: 1 TOP: Housing and Living Patterns

1. Solid waste management is vitally important for all of the following reasons except:

1.	Costs involved in waste management.
2.	Esthetic offense with consequent property depreciation.
3.	To allow conservationists and politicians a forum to defend their positions.
4.	To reduce the possibility of discarded toxic and infectious material reaching populations.

ANS: 3 DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: Page Reference: 118

OBJ: 6 TOP: Solid Waste

1. Among the major air pollutants are carbon monoxide, sulfur oxides, and hydrocarbons. A primary source of all of these is:

1.	Combustion of coal and petrochemicals.
2.	Deforestation of tropical rain forests in South America and Africa.
3.	Hydroelectric plants.
4.	Incineration of solid wastes.
5.	Nuclear power plants.

ANS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension

REF: Page Reference: 110-112 (Table 7-3) OBJ: 2

TOP: Atmospheric Quality

1. Widespread sources of potential ionizing radiation exposure include all of the following except:

1.	Accidents at nuclear power plants.
2.	High-tension power lines.
3.	Improperly disposed of nuclear waste.
4.	Radon gas seeping into homes and buildings through basements.

ANS: 2 DIF: Cognitive Level: Application

REF: Page Reference: 120 (Figure 7-2) OBJ: 5 TOP: Radiation Risks

1. Incidental additives to food that cause potential contamination include all of the following except:

1.	Bacteria from suboptimal food handling.
2.	Chemical additives such as dyes, vitamins, or monosodium glutamate (MSG).
3.	Contaminants caused by improper storage.
4.	Pesticides or herbicides.

ANS: 2 DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: Page Reference: 118

OBJ: 4 TOP: Food Quality

1. Potential threats to food quality include all of the following except:

1.	Bacterial contamination.
2.	Chemical additives such as cyclamates, dyes, or nitrates.
3.	Cultural or personal preferences that serve to limit nutrient intake.
4.	Flavor enhancers in processed foods.
5.	Residual antibiotics in meat and milk products.

ANS: 3 DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: Page Reference: 115

OBJ: 4 TOP: Food Quality

1. Intentional food additives that may produce or exacerbate illness in some individuals and that consumers should be aware of include all of the following except:

1.	Antibiotics.
2.	Dyes.
3.	MSG.
4.	Preservatives.
5.	Salt.

ANS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: Page Reference: 115

OBJ: 4 TOP: Food Quality

1. One of the most persistent environmental threats to the health of children causing irreversible central nervous system disorders and renal problems is:

1.	Asbestos exposure.
2.	Electromagnetic fields.
3.	Lead exposure.
4.	Pesticide exposure.
5.	Petrochemicals in groundwater.

ANS: 3 DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: Page Reference: 107

OBJ: 1 TOP: Housing and Living Patterns

1. To reduce exposure to carbon monoxide and other indoor pollutants, nurses should teach clients to do all of the following except:

1.	Carefully close all doors and windows when using unvented gas space heaters.
2.	Consider purchasing a carbon monoxide detector.
3.	Do not use a range, oven, or dryer to heat the home.
4.	Have chimneys and vents inspected when installing or changing vented heating appliances.
5.	Never ignore the smell of fuel.

ANS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: Page Reference: 103

OBJ: 1 TOP: Housing and Living Patterns

1. The “hole” in the ozone layer above both poles is theorized to have been caused by:

1.	Excessive carbon dioxide buildup due to the burning of fossil fuels.
2.	Radon and other radioactive gases.
3.	Sulfur dioxide from industrial sources.
4.	Use of chlorofluorocarbons in air conditioners, refrigerators, and aerosol cans.

ANS: 4 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Page Reference: 109

OBJ: 2 TOP: Atmospheric Quality

1. Exposure to radon gas is of concern for nurses in community practice because it:

1.	Can cause severe mental deficiencies in exposed individuals, being particularly severe in children.
2.	Can destroy metals and erode buildings causing depletion of property values.
3.	Has been associated with sudden deaths related to cracked heating units or improperly vented gas appliances.
4.	Is responsible for thousands of cases of lung cancer each year.

ANS: 4 DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis REF: Page Reference: 121

OBJ: 5 TOP: Radiation Risks

1. Cathy Simms is a nurse at an elementary school in a low-income inner city. Cathy is aware of the probability of lead poisoning afflicting some of the students in her school, and she wants to do something to explore this problem. Much of the area housing was built in the 1940s, and higher-than-expected lead levels have been found in playground soil traced to an old battery manufacturing plant located nearby. A primary prevention strategy that Cathy has determined to accomplish would be to:

1.	Have each neighborhood child tested for lead.
2.	Have the contaminated soil removed from the playground.
3.	Provide information on chelation therapy for all residents of the area.
4.	Providing training for teachers and parents on how to recognize signs and symptoms of lead poisoning.

ANS: 2 DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: Page Reference: 107

OBJ: 1 TOP: Housing and Living Patterns

1. Which of the following children is at highest risk for lead poisoning?

1.	Amy Allen, a 13-year-old Caucasian who lives with her mother and sibling in an inner-city housing project that was built during the Clinton administration
2.	Bobby Benson, a 6-year-old African-American who lives with his parent in a modest suburban home built in the early 1980s
3.	Camille Carson, a 2-year-old Caucasian who lives with her maternal grandmother in a poor neighborhood built in the 1950s
4.	Danny Diego, a 10-year-old Hispanic who lives with his parents in a small apartment built in 1975

ANS: 3 DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis REF: Page Reference: 108

OBJ: 1 TOP: Housing and Living Patterns

1. The most common source for exposure to radiation among Americans is:

1.	Medical sources (x-rays and radiotherapy).
2.	Nuclear power plants.
3.	Radon gas.
4.	Ultraviolet radiation from the sun.

ANS: 4 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Page Reference: 121

OBJ: 2 TOP: Radiation Risks

1. Sources of environmental health problems posed by work risks include all of the following except:

1.	Job stress.
2.	Machine operating hazards.
3.	Presence of carcinogenic particulate inhalants.
4.	Repetitive motion injuries.
5.	Sexual harassment.

ANS: 5 DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: Page Reference: 108

OBJ: 1 TOP: Work Risks

1. Polly Smith is a district nurse working in an agricultural area in the Midwest. Most people within Polly’s district obtain water from individual wells located on their property. While Polly is analyzing potential problems, it is important that she understand that waterborne diseases include all of the following except:

1.	Cryptosporidiosis.
2.	Giardia.
3.	Hepatitis A.
4.	Malaria.
5.	Viral gastroenteritis.

ANS: 4 DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension

REF: Page Reference: 114 (Table 7-4) OBJ: 3 TOP: Water Quality

1. The greenhouse effect is a problem of atmospheric quality theoretically caused by:

1.	Excessive carbon dioxide buildup due to burning of fossil fuels.
2.	Radon and radioactive gases.
3.	Sulfur dioxide from industrial sources.
4.	Use of chlorofluorocarbons in air conditioners, refrigerators, and aerosol cans.

ANS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension

REF: Page Reference: 112 (Table 7-3) OBJ: 2 TOP: Atmospheric Quality

1. Exposure to secondhand smoke is a very serious health risk. Indeed, secondhand smoke is associated with all of the following except:

1.	Asthma.
2.	Lung cancer.
3.	Mesothelioma.
4.	Middle ear infections.

ANS: 3 DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: Page Reference: 102

OBJ: 1 TOP: Housing and Living Patterns

1. The federal agency responsible for oversight of many of the regulations for protecting the environment and minimizing environmental risks to health is the:

1.	Department of Health and Human Services.
2.	Environmental Protection Agency.
3.	Greenpeace Society.
4.	Nuclear Regulation Commission.
5.	Occupational Safety and Health Administration.

ANS: 2 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Page Reference: 102

OBJ: All TOP: General

1. Hurricanes and other severe weather conditions can affect all of the following areas of environmental health except:

1.	Atmospheric quality.
2.	Housing.
3.	Radiation risks.
4.	Waste control.
5.	Water quality.

ANS: 3 DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis

REF: Page Reference: 103 (Table 7-1) OBJ: All TOP: General

1. Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) (mad cow disease) has been recognized as a potential global health threat. The most significant threat of BSE is in relation to:

1.	Atmospheric quality.
2.	Food quality.
3.	Housing.
4.	Violence.
5.	Water quality.

ANS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: Page Reference: 115

OBJ: 4 TOP: Food Quality

1. Which of the following would be an example of a transgenerational effect from an environmental health problem?

1.	High rates of Chlamydia infection among college students
2.	High rates of leukemia in children of nuclear plant workers
3.	Increased rates of testicular cancer in state troopers who use radar guns
4.	Noise-induced hearing loss among airport baggage handlers

ANS: 2 DIF: Cognitive Level: Synthesis

REF: Page Reference: 120 (Figure 7-2) and general understanding

OBJ: All TOP: General

1. To reduce the risks associated with secondhand smoking, nurses should encourage all of the following except:

1.	Do not smoke if children are present.
2.	Do not smoke in an automobile if passengers are present.
3.	Encourage employer-supported smoking cessation programs.
4.	Learn about smoking policies at day care centers and schools.
5.	Support federal legislation to prohibit smoking among minors.

ANS: 5 DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: Page Reference: 106

OBJ: 1 TOP: Housing and Living Patterns

1. Americans throw away approximately 4 pounds of solid waste per person per day. The highest percentage by weight of refuse are paper and:

1.	Food.
2.	Glass.
3.	Plastic.
4.	Wood.
5.	Yard waste.

ANS: 5 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge

REF: Page Reference: 119 (Figure 7-1) OBJ: 6 TOP: Solid Waste

1. The most common cancer linked to environmental causes is:

1.	Breast cancer related to exposure to pesticides and herbicides.
2.	Colon cancer related to ingestion of both incidental and intentional food additives.
3.	Lung cancer related to exposure to secondhand smoke and radon gas.
4.	Skin cancer related to exposure to ultraviolet radiation.

ANS: 4 DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis REF: Page Reference: 121

OBJ: All TOP: General

1. The “ABCD” rule can be used to observe for signs and symptoms of melanoma. These are:

1.	Abrupt appearance, black, change, and diameter.
2.	Acute onset, black or dark appearance, change, and dimension.
3.	Appearance, bleeding, circumference, and darkness.
4.	Asymmetry, border irregularity, color, and diameter.

ANS: 4 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge

REF: Page Reference: 122 (Box 7-4) OBJ: 5 TOP: Radiation Risks

1. The most significant health problem related to ozone depletion is:

1.	An increase in skin cancer and cataracts associated with an increase in exposure to ultraviolet light.
2.	Climactic threats related to global warming and the greenhouse effect.
3.	Higher rates of lung cancer due to a corresponding increase in levels of radon gas.
4.	Rising levels of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma resulting from an increase in inhalation of ozone gas.

ANS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: Page Reference: 112

OBJ: 2 TOP: Atmospheric Quality

1. An air pollutant that is one of the major components of acid rain is:

1.	Carbon monoxide.
2.	Lead.
3.	Ozone.
4.	Particulates.
5.	Nitrogen dioxide.

ANS: 5 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge

REF: Page Reference: 110 (Table 7-3) OBJ: 2 TOP: Atmospheric Quality

1. A nonbiologic water contaminant that is most often found associated with plumbing of old (pre-1930s) or very new water systems leaching is:

1.	Copper.
2.	Iron.
3.	Lead.
4.	Mercury.
5.	Zinc.

ANS: 3 DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: Page Reference: 114

OBJ: 3 TOP: Water Quality

1. Primary prevention interventions to improve environmental safety and health include all of the following except:

1.	Advocating use of vehicle protection systems such as use of seat belts and air bags.
2.	Developing worksite programs to prevent back injuries.
3.	Screening at-risk workers for noise-induced hearing loss.
4.	Supporting programs for waste reduction and recycling.
5.	Teaching school children how to avoid ultraviolet exposure and promoting the use of sunscreen.

ANS: 3 DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: Page Reference: 123

OBJ: All TOP: General

1. A secondary prevention strategy to address work-related illness and injury would be:

1.	Assisting with stress reduction and coping mechanisms.
2.	Preplacement and termination physical examinations.
3.	Preventing or minimizing complications of chronic conditions.
4.	Providing health risk appraisal.
5.	Teaching good body mechanics.

ANS: 2 DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: Page Reference: 109

OBJ: 7 TOP: Work Risks