Chapter 03: Preventive Dental Materials
Powers: Dental Materials, 11th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
- Which of the following is considered to be a preventive dental material?
| a. | Pit and fissure sealant |
| b. | Dental amalgam |
| c. | Ceramic veneer |
| d. | Full gold crown |
ANS: A
| Feedback |
| A | Fluoride gels, pit and fissure sealants, and mouth protectors are considered to be preventive dental materials. |
| B | Dental amalgam is considered to be a restorative dental material. |
| C | Porcelain veneers are considered to be a restorative dental material. |
| D | Full gold crowns are considered to be a restorative dental material. |
DIF: Knowledge REF: p. 27 OBJ: 10
TOP: CDA, GC, III Chairside Dental Materials (Preparation, Manipulation, and Application)
MSC: NBDHE, 5.0 Using preventive agents, 5.2 Pit and fissure sealants
- Which type of fluoride treatment is best to use for a patient with dentinal hypersensitivity (has a neutral pH)?
| a. | Acidulated phosphate fluoride |
| b. | Stannous fluoride |
| c. | Sodium fluoride |
| d. | A and C |
| e. | B and C |
ANS: C
| Feedback |
| A | Acidulated phosphate does not have a neutral pH. |
| B | Stannous fluorides have acidic values of pH. |
| C | Sodium fluoride has a neutral pH. |
| D | A is an incorrect answer. C is a correct answer |
| E | B is an incorrect answer, and C is a correct answer. |
DIF: Comprehension REF: p. 27 OBJ: 3
TOP: CDA, GC, V Patient education and oral healthcare management; C Demonstrate the understanding of plaque control techniques, including but not limited to: Explain the effects of all types of fluoride, the advantages of various methods of administration, and the dangers and results of overdosage
MSC: NBDHE, 5.0 Using preventive agents, 5.1 Fluoride: systemic and topical, 5.1.1 Mechanisms of action
- Which type of fluoride will not etch restorations?
| a. | Acidulated phosphate fluoride |
| b. | Stannous fluoride |
| c. | Sodium fluoride |
| d. | A and B |
| e. | B and C |
ANS: C
| Feedback |
| A | Acidulated phosphate fluorides can etch restorations. |
| B | Stannous fluoride can etch restorations. |
| C | Sodium fluoride will not etch restorations. |
| D | A and B are incorrect answers. |
| E | B is an incorrect answer, and C is a correct answer. |
DIF: Comprehension REF: p. 28 OBJ: 2
TOP: CDA, GC, V Patient education and oral healthcare management; C Demonstrate the understanding of plaque control techniques, including but not limited to: Explain the effects of all types of fluoride, the advantages of various methods of administration, and the dangers and results of overdosage
MSC: NBDHE, 5.0 Using preventive agents, 5.1 Fluoride: systemic and topical, 5.1.1 Mechanisms of action
- Which type of fluoride can stain restorations?
| a. | Sodium fluoride |
| b. | Stannous fluoride |
| c. | Acidulated phosphate fluoride |
| d. | A, B, and C |
| e. | A and C |
ANS: B
| Feedback |
| A | Sodium fluoride does not stain restorations. |
| B | Stannous fluoride can stain restorations. |
| C | Acidulated phosphate fluoride does not stain restorations. |
| D | A is the only correct choice. |
| E | A is the only correct choice. |
DIF: Comprehension REF: p. 28 OBJ: 2
TOP: CDA, GC, V Patient education and oral healthcare management; C Demonstrate the understanding of plaque control techniques, including but not limited to: Explain the effects of all types of fluoride, the advantages of various methods of administration, and the dangers and results of overdosage
MSC: NBDHE, 5.0 Using preventive agents, 5.1 Fluoride: systemic and topical, 5.1.1 Mechanisms of action
- What does thixotropic mean?
| a. | Viscosity of the material is changeable. |
| b. | Material will adhere to an intraoral surface. |
| c. | Grain size of cast gold is affected by quenching. |
| d. | Setting time of the material is affected by glove powder. |
ANS: A
| Feedback |
| A | Thixotropic means the viscosity of the material is changeable. Examples found in dentistry include one form of topical dental anesthetic. Yogurt is another example of a thixotropic material. |
| B | The material does not have adhesive properties. |
| C | Quenching is the process of rapidly cooling cast gold. |
| D | There is no chemical or setting reaction involved. |
DIF: Knowledge REF: p. 28 OBJ: 1
TOP: CDA, GC, V Patient education and oral healthcare management; C Demonstrate the understanding of plaque control techniques, including but not limited to: Explain the effects of all types of fluoride, the advantages of various methods of administration, and the dangers and results of overdosage
MSC: NBDHE, 5.0 Using preventive agents, 5.1 Fluoride: systemic and topical, 5.1.1 Mechanisms of action
- Fluoride varnishes are available that contain ________ fluoride.
| a. | 1% sodium |
| b. | 5% sodium |
| c. | 1% stannous |
| d. | 5% stannous |
| e. | 2.34% acidulated phosphate-fluoride (APF) |
ANS: B
| Feedback |
| A | 1% sodium is related to gel deliveries of acidulated phosphate fluoride. |
| B | Fluoride varnishes are available that contain 5% sodium fluoride. |
| C | Because it stains, 1% stannous is rarely used. |
| D | Because it stains, 5% stannous is rarely used. |
| E | 2.34% APF is related to gel deliveries of acidulated phosphate fluoride. |
DIF: Knowledge REF: p. 28 OBJ: 1
TOP: CDA, GC, V Patient education and oral healthcare management; C Demonstrate the understanding of plaque control techniques, including but not limited to: Explain the effects of all types of fluoride, the advantages of various methods of administration, and the dangers and results of overdosage
MSC: NBDHE, 5.0 Using preventive agents, 5.1 Fluoride: systemic and topical, 5.1.1 Mechanisms of action
- Which of the following statements is true about 4-minute versus 1-minute application of a fluoride treatment? A 4-minute application is
| a. | not currently recommended. |
| b. | less effective than a 1-minute application. |
| c. | equally effective as a 1-minute application. |
| d. | more effective than a 1-minute application. |
ANS: D
| Feedback |
| A | A 4-minute application is necessary for full fluoride uptake. |
| B | A 4-minute application is necessary for full fluoride uptake. |
| C | A 4-minute application is necessary for full fluoride uptake. |
| D | A 4-minute application appears to be more effective than a 1-minute application. |
DIF: Knowledge REF: p. 28 OBJ: 3
TOP: CDA, GC, V Patient education and oral healthcare management; C Demonstrate the understanding of plaque control techniques, including but not limited to: Explain the effects of all types of fluoride, the advantages of various methods of administration, and the dangers and results of overdosage
MSC: NBDHE, 5.0 Using preventive agents, 5.1 Fluoride: systemic and topical, 5.1.1 Mechanisms of action
- Which of the following statements is true of the manipulation of fluoride foams and gels during their application for office fluoride treatment?
| a. | The troughs of the maxillary and mandibular trays should be completely filled with the gel. |
| b. | The teeth are to be kept as free from saliva as possible before application of the tray. |
| c. | After application of the gel, the patient is instructed not to eat for 4 hours. |
| d. | Rinses are recommended for children under 6 years old. |
| e. | They should be applied prior to dental prophylaxis. |
ANS: B
| Feedback |
| A | A ribbon of gel should be placed in the troughs of the maxillary and mandibular trays. |
| B | The teeth are to be kept as free from saliva as possible before application of the tray during the application of office fluoride treatments. |
| C | After application of the gel, the patient is instructed not to eat for 30 minutes. |
| D | Rinses are not recommended for children under 6 years old. |
| E | They should be applied after rather than before dental prophylaxis. |
DIF: Analysis REF: p. 28 OBJ: 2
TOP: CDA, GC, V Patient education and oral healthcare management; C Demonstrate the understanding of plaque control techniques, including but not limited to: Explain the effects of all types of fluoride, the advantages of various methods of administration, and the dangers and results of overdosage.
MSC: NBDHE, 5.0 Using preventive agents, 5.1 Fluoride: systemic and topical, 5.1.3 Methods of administration
- Application of fluoride is least effective in preventing caries on which of the following surfaces of posterior teeth?
| a. | Distal |
| b. | Mesial |
| c. | Buccal |
| d. | Lingual |
| e. | Occlusal |
ANS: E
| Feedback |
| A | Distal involves smooth surfaces where fluoride is most effective. |
| B | Mesial involves smooth surfaces where fluoride is most effective. |
| C | Buccal involves smooth surfaces where fluoride is most effective. |
| D | Lingual involves smooth surfaces where fluoride is most effective. |
| E | Application of fluoride is least effective in pits and fissures as a result of the special anatomy of the occlusal surfaces of posterior teeth. |
DIF: Knowledge REF: p. 28 OBJ: 3
TOP: CDA, GC, V Patient education and oral healthcare management; C Demonstrate the understanding of plaque control techniques, including but not limited to: Explain the effects of all types of fluoride, the advantages of various methods of administration, and the dangers and results of overdosage
MSC: NBDHE, 5.0 Using preventive agents, 5.1 Fluoride: systemic and topical, 5.1.1 Mechanisms of action
- Which of the following statements is true about pits and fissures?
| a. | A smooth-based depression on the occlusal surface of a tooth. |
| b. | The result of noncoalescence of dentin during tooth formation. |
| c. | The result of noncoalescence of enamel during tooth formation. |
| d. | May be cleansed by the excursion of food or a toothbrush bristle. |
ANS: C
| Feedback |
| A | Pits and fissures are narrow, deep depressions. |
| B | It may extend as far as the dentoenamel junction. |
| C | The pit and fissure is an enamel fault that is the result of noncoalescence of enamel during tooth formation. The noncoalescence may extend to the dentoenamel junction, or it may be incomplete. |
| D | Pits and fissures may be very narrow, smaller than a single toothbrush bristle. |
DIF: Comprehension REF: p. 28 OBJ: 6
TOP: CDA, GC, III Chairside Dental Materials (Preparation, Manipulation, and Application) 2. Describe how to prepare, mix, deliver, and store other dental materials, including but not limited to e. pit and fissure sealants
MSC: NBDHE, 5.0 Using preventive agents, 5.1 Fluoride: systemic and topical, 5.1.1 Mechanisms of action
- Approximately ____% of dental caries in children 5 to 17 years of age involves pits.
ANS: E
| Feedback |
| A | Eleven is a low random distracter. |
| B | Twenty-four is a low random distracter. |
| C | Forty-nine is low random distracter. |
| D | Seventy-four is a low random distracter. |
| E | Approximately 84% of dental caries in children 5 to 17 years of age involve pits. |
DIF: Knowledge REF: p. 29 OBJ: 6
TOP: CDA, GC, III Chairside Dental Materials (Preparation, Manipulation, and Application) 2. Describe how to prepare, mix, deliver, and store other dental materials, including but not limited to e. pit and fissure sealants
MSC: NBDHE, 5.0 Using preventive agents, 5.1 Fluoride: systemic and topical, 5.1.1 Mechanisms of action
- Pit and fissure sealants may be used to prevent caries in _____ teeth.
| a. | deciduous but not permanent |
| b. | permanent but not deciduous |
| c. | both deciduous and permanent |
| d. | neither deciduous nor permanent |
ANS: C
| Feedback |
| A | This option is incorrect based on the answers of both. |
| B | This option is incorrect based on the answers of both. |
| C | Pit and fissure sealants may be used to prevent caries in both deciduous and permanent teeth. |
| D | This option is incorrect based on the answers of both. |
DIF: Comprehension REF: p. 29 OBJ: 1
TOP: CDA, GC, III Chairside Dental Materials (Preparation, Manipulation, and Application) 2. Describe how to prepare, mix, deliver, and store other dental materials, including but not limited to e. pit and fissure sealants
MSC: NBDHE, 5.0 Using preventive agents, 5.2 Pit and fissure sealants, 5.2.1 Mechanisms of action
- A preventive resin restoration involves the use of _____ to restore the teeth.
| a. | flowable composite |
| b. | hybrid ionomer |
| c. | glass ionomer |
| d. | compomer |
| e. | ceramic |
ANS: A
| Feedback |
| A | A preventive resin restoration involves the use of flowable composite to restore the teeth. |
| B | Hybrid ionomer is a thick material with little to no flow |
| C | Glass ionomer is a thick material with little to no flow. |
| D | Compomer is a thick material with little to no flow. |
| E | Ceramic is used for indirect restorations only. |
DIF: Knowledge REF: p. 29 OBJ: 7
TOP: CDA, GC, III Chairside Dental Materials (Preparation, Manipulation, and Application) 2. Describe how to prepare, mix, deliver, and store other dental materials, including but not limited to e. pit and fissure sealants.
MSC: NBDHE, 5.0 Using preventive agents, 5.3 Other preventive agents
- Which of the following materials is the chemistry of sealants most similar to?
| a. | Composite restorative material |
| b. | Acidulated phosphate-fluoride |
| c. | Ceramic restorative material |
| d. | Glass ionomer cement |
ANS: B
| Feedback |
| A | APF is a fluoride. |
| B | The chemistry of sealants is similar to composite restorative material. Sealants have fewer filler particles and are more fluid in order to penetrate pits and fissures in addition to the etched areas produced on the enamel. |
| C | Ceramic is an indirect restorative material. |
| D | Glass ionomer is a cement with a fluoride ion. |
DIF: Knowledge REF: p. 29 OBJ: 7
TOP: CDA, GC, III Chairside Dental Materials (Preparation, Manipulation, and Application) 2. Describe how to prepare, mix, deliver, and store other dental materials, including but not limited to e. pit and fissure sealants
MSC: NBDHE, 5.0 Using preventive agents, 5.2 Pit and fissure sealants, 5.2.1 Mechanisms of action
- Sealants polymerized by visible light are ______-component systems that _____ require mixing.
| a. | one; do |
| b. | one; do not |
| c. | two; do |
| d. | two; do not |
ANS: B
| Feedback |
| A | A one-component system does not require mixing. |
| B | Sealants polymerized by visible light are one-component systems that do not require mixing. |
| C | Sealants that self-cure are two-component systems that do require mixing. |
| D | Sealants that self-cure are two-component systems that do require mixing. |
DIF: Comprehension REF: p. 30 OBJ: 6
TOP: CDA, GC, III Chairside Dental Materials (Preparation, Manipulation, and Application) 2. Describe how to prepare, mix, deliver, and store other dental materials, including but not limited to e. pit and fissure sealants.
MSC: NBDHE, 5.0 Using preventive agents, 5.2 Pit and fissure sealants, 5.2.1 Mechanisms of action
- What is the purpose of benzoyl peroxide in sealant materials?
| a. | Monomer |
| b. | Inorganic filler |
| c. | Initiator of a two-component sealant system |
| d. | Initiator of a one-component sealant system |
| e. | Organic amine accelerator of a one-component sealant system |
ANS: C
| Feedback |
| A | Monomer is only present in a one-component system. |
| B | Inorganic material is present in one- and two-component systems. |
| C | Benzoyl peroxide is the initiator of a two-component sealant system. |
| D | Diketone is the initiator in a one-component system. |
| E | Organic amine accelerator is present in one- and two-component systems. |
DIF: Knowledge REF: p. 30 OBJ: 6
TOP: CDA, GC, III Chairside Dental Materials (Preparation, Manipulation, and Application) 2. Describe how to prepare, mix, deliver, and store other dental materials, including but not limited to e. pit and fissure sealants
MSC: NBDHE, 5.0 Using preventive agents, 5.2 Pit and fissure sealants, 5.2.1 Mechanisms of action
- How does acid etching of the enamel surface improve the retention of a sealant?
| a. | Decreases the surface area |
| b. | Cleans the area to be sealed |
| c. | Improves the wettability of the enamel |
| d. | A, B, and C are all correct. |
| e. | Only B and C are correct. |
ANS: E
| Feedback |
| A | Acid etching increases the surface area. |
| B | B and C are correct. |
| C | B and C are correct. |
| D | Only B and C are correct. |
| E | Acid etching of the enamel surface improves the retention of sealant by cleaning the area to be sealed, improving the wettability of the enamel, increasing the surface area, and forming spaces into which the sealant can penetrate to form tags. |
DIF: Comprehension REF: p. 30 OBJ: 8
TOP: CDA, GC, III Chairside Dental Materials (Preparation, Manipulation, and Application) 2. Describe how to prepare, mix, deliver, and store other dental materials, including but not limited to e. pit and fissure sealants
MSC: NBDHE, 5.0 Using preventive agents, 5.2 Pit and fissure sealants, 5.2.1 Mechanisms of action
- What did the results of a 5-year clinical study about sealant effectiveness, after a single application of a pit and fissure sealant, indicate?
| a. | Increased |
| b. | Decreased |
| c. | Remained unchanged |
| d. | Was tied to oral hygiene |
ANS: B
| Feedback |
| A | The clinical study found the effectiveness of a single application of a sealant clearly decreases with time. |
| B | The clinical study found the effectiveness of a single application of a sealant clearly decreases with time. |
| C | The clinical study found the effectiveness of a single application of a sealant clearly decreases with time. |
| D | Caution is warranted in comparison of some of these studies, because materials, techniques, teeth studied, and clinical criteria for judging success or failure vary from study to study. |
DIF: Comprehension REF: p. 30 OBJ: 3
TOP: CDA, GC, III Chairside Dental Materials (Preparation, Manipulation, and Application) 2. Describe how to prepare, mix, deliver, and store other dental materials, including but not limited to e. pit and fissure sealants
MSC: NBDHE, 5.0 Using preventive agents, 5.2 Pit and fissure sealants, 5.2.1 Mechanisms of action
- Current evidence indicates that sealants should not be used on the teeth of which type of patient?
| a. | Cooperates in maintaining good oral hygiene |
| b. | Has pits and fissures on occlusal surfaces |
| c. | Has been free of caries for several years |
| d. | Has no proximal lesions |
ANS: C
| Feedback |
| A | Sealants also should not be used on the teeth of a patient who does not cooperate in maintaining good oral hygiene. |
| B | Sealants should be used on occlusal surfaces where pits and fissures exist. |
| C | Current evidence indicates that sealants should not be used on the teeth of a patient who has been free of caries for several years. |
| D | Sealants should not be used on teeth with many proximal lesions. |
DIF: Knowledge REF: p. 30 OBJ: 3
TOP: CDA, GC, III Chairside Dental Materials (Preparation, Manipulation, and Application) 2. Describe how to prepare, mix, deliver, and store other dental materials, including but not limited to e. pit and fissure sealants
MSC: NBDHE, 5.0 Using preventive agents, 5.2 Pit and fissure sealants, 5.2.1 Mechanisms of action
- Etchants are generally _____ acid.
| a. | hydrochloric |
| b. | phosphoric |
| c. | salicylic |
| d. | acetic |
ANS: B
| Feedback |
| A | Hydrochloric acid is not used to etch enamel. |
| B | Etchants are generally 37% solutions of phosphoric acid in water. |
| C | Salicylic acid is not used to etch enamel. |
| D | Acetic acid is not used to etch enamel. |
DIF: Knowledge REF: p. 32 OBJ: 8
TOP: CDA, GC, III Chairside Dental Materials (Preparation, Manipulation, and Application) 2. Describe how to prepare, mix, deliver, and store other dental materials, including but not limited to e. pit and fissure sealants
MSC: NBDHE, 5.0 Using preventive agents, 5.2 Pit and fissure sealants, 5.2.1 Mechanisms of action
- Which of the following statements is true regarding placement of a sealant?
| a. | If an etched tooth becomes contaminated with saliva, the etching and rinsing steps need not be repeated. |
| b. | The self-cured sealant is cured with a light source for at least 20 seconds. |
| c. | Moisture enhances retention of the sealant by the fissure. |
| d. | A small cotton pellet may be used to remove sealant that has failed to polymerize because of exposure to air. |
| e. | If a fluoride treatment is used in conjunction with the pit and fissure sealant, the fluoride treatment is applied before the sealant has polymerized. |
ANS: D
| Feedback |
| A | The area must be re-etched and dried again. |
| B | Self-cured sealant does not require a light to cure. |
| C | Moisture inhibits retention of the sealant. |
| D | If an etched tooth becomes contaminated with saliva, the etching and rinsing steps are repeated. |
| E | If a fluoride treatment is used in conjunction with the pit and fissure sealant, the treatment is applied after the sealant has polymerized. |
DIF: Analysis REF: p. 32 OBJ: 8
TOP: CDA, GC, III Chairside Dental Materials (Preparation, Manipulation, and Application) 2. Describe how to prepare, mix, deliver, and store other dental materials, including but not limited to e. pit and fissure sealants
MSC: NBDHE, 5.0 Using preventive agents, 5.2 Pit and fissure sealants, 5.2.2 Techniques for application
- Surveys report that orofacial injuries most frequently occur in which sport when the athlete is not wearing a mouth protector?
| a. | Basketball |
| b. | Football |
| c. | Hockey |
| d. | Skiing |
| e. | Golf |
ANS: A
| Feedback |
| A | Orofacial injuries most commonly occur in basketball, baseball, and soccer. Most injuries occur when the athlete does not wear a mouth protector. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that all players of contact sports use mouth protectors. |
| B | The CDC found that football players do not sustain as many orofacial injuries as other athletes do because of required faceguards and mouth protectors. Most junior colleges and many amateur hockey and football leagues have adopted the rule mandated by the National Football Alliance Rules Committee that all high school athletes be equipped with internal mouth protectors. |
| C | The CDC found that hockey players do not sustain as many orofacial injuries as other athletes do because of required faceguards and mouth protectors. Most junior colleges and many amateur hockey and football leagues have adopted the rule mandated by the National Football Alliance Rules Committee that all high school athletes be equipped with internal mouth protectors. |
| D | Skiers do not sustain as many orofacial injuries as other athletes. |
| E | Golfers do not sustain as many orofacial injuries as other athletes. |
DIF: Knowledge REF: p. 33 OBJ: 14
TOP: CDA, GC, IV Laboratory materials and procedures, B Demonstrate an understanding of laboratory procedures, including but not limited to 2. fabricate custom occlusal appliances and bleaching trays MSC: NBDHE, 5.0 Using preventive agents, 5.3 Other preventive agents
- Which statement(s) is/are true of custom-made mouth protectors?
| a. | Athletes prefer the custom-made mouth protector over mouth-formed and stock mouth protectors. |
| b. | Custom-made mouth protectors are less expensive than mouth-formed or stock mouth protectors. |
| c. | Custom-made mouth protectors are less likely to interfere with speech than mouth-formed or stock mouth protectors. |
| d. | A and B are correct. |
| e. | A and C are correct. |
ANS: D
| Feedback |
| A | A and C are correct. |
| B | Mouth protectors are more expensive than mouth-formed or stock mouth protectors. |
| C | A and C are correct. |
| D | A and C are correct. |
| E | Athletes prefer the custom-made mouth protector over mouth-formed and stock mouth protectors; custom-made mouth protectors are more expensive than mouth-formed or stock mouth protectors; and custom-made mouth protectors are less likely to interfere with speech than mouth-formed or stock mouth protectors. |
DIF: Comprehension REF: p. 33 OBJ: 17
TOP: CDA, GC, IV Laboratory materials and procedures, B Demonstrate an understanding of laboratory procedures, including but not limited to 2. fabricate custom occlusal appliances and bleaching trays MSC: NBDHE, 5.0 Using preventive agents, 5.3 Other preventive agents
- A mouth protector thickness of _____ mm of material over incisal edges and cusps of teeth is recommended for best protection and acceptable comfort.
| a. | 0.5 |
| b. | 1.0 |
| c. | 2.0 |
| d. | 4.0 |
| e. | 8.0 |
ANS: D
| Feedback |
| A | This answer provides insufficient thickness. |
| B | This answer provides insufficient thickness. |
| C | This answer provides insufficient thickness. |
| D | A thickness of 4 mm of material over incisal edges and cusps of teeth is recommended for best protection and acceptable comfort. |
| E | This answer provides excessive thickness. |
DIF: Application REF: p. 35 OBJ: 18
TOP: CDA, GC, IV Laboratory materials and procedures, B Demonstrate an understanding of laboratory procedures, including but not limited to 2. fabricate custom occlusal appliances and bleaching trays MSC: NBDHE, 5.0 Using preventive agents, 5.3 Other preventive agents
- Which of the following represents the correct sequential order for manipulation of pit and fissure sealants that require etching with phosphoric acid?
- Cleansing and etching the occlusal surfaces
- Drying the occlusal surfaces
- Washing the occlusal surfaces
- Finishing the occlusal surfaces
- Polymerizing
- Applying sealant to the pits and fissures
| a. | 2, 1, 3, 4, 6, 5 |
| b. | 1, 2, 4, 3, 5, 6 |
| c. | 1, 3, 2, 6, 4, 5 |
| d. | 1, 3, 2, 6, 5, 4 |
| e. | 3, 1, 2, 6, 4, 5 |
ANS: D
| Feedback |
| A | The correct order of sequential steps is cleansing and etching the occlusal surfaces, washing the occlusal surfaces, drying the occlusal surfaces, applying sealant to the pits and fissures, polymerizing, and finishing. |
| B | The correct order of sequential steps is cleansing and etching the occlusal surfaces, washing the occlusal surfaces, drying the occlusal surfaces, applying sealant to the pits and fissures, polymerizing, and finishing. |
| C | The correct order of sequential steps is cleansing and etching the occlusal surfaces, washing the occlusal surfaces, drying the occlusal surfaces, applying sealant to the pits and fissures, polymerizing, and finishing. |
| D | The correct order of sequential steps is cleansing and etching the occlusal surfaces, washing the occlusal surfaces, drying the occlusal surfaces, applying sealant to the pits and fissures, polymerizing, and finishing. |
| E | The correct order of sequential steps is cleansing and etching the occlusal surfaces, washing the occlusal surfaces, drying the occlusal surfaces, applying sealant to the pits and fissures, polymerizing, and finishing. |
DIF: Analysis REF: p. 32 OBJ: 12
TOP: CDA, GC, IV Laboratory materials and procedures, B Demonstrate an understanding of laboratory procedures, including but not limited to 2. fabricate custom occlusal appliances and bleaching trays MSC: NBDHE, 5.0 Using preventive agents, 5.3 Other preventive agents
- Which composition is used to help prevent caries in the pits and fissures of posterior teeth?
| a. | Glass ionomers |
| b. | Polymers |
| c. | Acrylic |
| d. | Ceramic |
ANS: B
| Feedback |
| A | Glass ionomers are cements. |
| B | Pit and fissure sealants are polymers applied to the occlusal surfaces of posterior teeth to prevent pit and fissure caries. |
| C | Acrylics are used to make complete dentures, portions of removable partial dentures, temporary crowns, custom impression trays, and denture teeth. |
| D | Ceramics are used in indirect restorations. |
DIF: Knowledge REF: p. 28 OBJ: 6
TOP: CDA, GC, III Chairside Dental Materials (Preparation, Manipulation, and Application)
MSC: NBDHE, 5.0 Using preventive agents, 5.2 Pit and fissure sealants, 5.2.1 Mechanisms of action
- Neutral sodium fluoride is used for patients with composites, ceramics, and glass ionomers, because it will not _____ esthetic restorations.
| a. | stain |
| b. | etch |
| c. | marginate |
| d. | remineralize |
ANS: B
| Feedback |
| A | Stannous fluoride stains. |
| B | With neutral sodium fluoride the pH is adjusted to be between 6 and 8. Values of pH in this range should minimize acid etching of restorative materials, such as composites, compomers, resin-modified glass ionomers, glass ionomers, and ceramics, caused by more acidic APF gels. |
| C | The gel is neutral and therefore safe for esthetic restorations. |
| D | Some fluoride varnishes contain ACP remineralization properties. |
DIF: Knowledge REF: p. 27 OBJ: 1
TOP: CDA, GC, V Patient education and oral healthcare management; C Demonstrate the understanding of plaque control techniques, including but not limited to: Explain the effects of all types of fluoride, the advantages of various methods of administration, and the dangers and results of overdosage
MSC: NBDHE, 5.0 Using preventive agents, 5.1 Fluoride: systemic and topical, 5.1.1 Mechanisms of action
- Which of the following terms describes a neutral fluoride gel containing thickening agents?
| a. | Wetting |
| b. | Viscous |
| c. | Flowable |
| d. | Thixotropic |
ANS: D
| Feedback |
| A | Wetting is related to the thickness or thinness of a material and/or surface tension. |
| B | Viscosity is related to the thickness or thinness of a material and/or surface tension. |
| C | Flowable is related to the thickness or thinness of a material and/or surface tension. |
| D | Neutral sodium fluoride foams, gels, and rinses are available. One product is thixotropic and contains sodium fluoride and thickening agents. |
DIF: Knowledge REF: p. 28 OBJ: 2
TOP: CDA, GC, V Patient education and oral healthcare management; C Demonstrate the understanding of plaque control techniques, including but not limited to: Explain the effects of all types of fluoride, the advantages of various methods of administration, and the dangers and results of overdosage
MSC: NBDHE, 5.0 Using preventive agents, 5.1 Fluoride: systemic and topical, 5.1.1 Mechanisms of action
- Which type of fluoride may be responsible for depositing stains on teeth and restorations?
| a. | Acidulated phosphate |
| b. | Neutral sodium |
| c. | Stannous |
| d. | Sodium |
ANS: C
| Feedback |
| A | Acidulated phosphate is used as an alternative to stannous fluoride because it does not stain. |
| B | Neutral sodium is used as an alternative to stannous fluoride because it does not stain. |
| C | Stannous fluoride products are effective in providing fluoride but can cause staining of tooth surfaces and restorations. |
| D | Sodium fluoride is used as an alternative to stannous fluoride because it does not stain. |
DIF: Knowledge REF: p. 28 OBJ: 3
TOP: CDA, GC, V Patient education and oral healthcare management; C Demonstrate the understanding of plaque control techniques, including but not limited to: Explain the effects of all types of fluoride, the advantages of various methods of administration, and the dangers and results of overdosage
MSC: NBDHE, 5.0 Using preventive agents, 5.1 Fluoride: systemic and topical, 5.1.1 Mechanisms of action
- How should a mouth protector be stored when not in use?
| a. | In a cool, dry place |
| b. | In water to prevent shrinkage |
| c. | In the case provided by the dentist |
| d. | In a denture cleaner to remove any bacteria present |
ANS: C
| Feedback |
| A | While helpful, storing a mouth protector in a cool, dry place is not necessary. |
| B | A mouth protector should not be stored in water. |
| C | When the mouth protector is delivered, the athlete will be given a case to keep it in. |
| D | Mouth protectors should be rinsed with cool water after use and occasionally cleaned with mild soap and water. Denture cleaners and abrasive dentifrices should not be used. |
DIF: Knowledge REF: p. 38 OBJ: 26
TOP: CDA, GC, IV Laboratory materials and procedures, B Demonstrate an understanding of laboratory procedures, including but not limited to 2. fabricate custom occlusal appliances and bleaching trays MSC: NBDHE, 5.0 Using preventive agents, 5.3 Other preventive agents
- Which light spectrum is used to polymerize sealant materials?
| a. | Incandescent |
| b. | Fluorescent |
| c. | Ultraviolet |
| d. | Visible |
ANS: D
| Feedback |
| A | Incandescent light sources may affect the surface setting of resin materials. However, the optimum response comes from the visible light spectrum. |
| B | Fluorescent light sources may affect the surface setting of resin materials. However, the optimum response comes from the visible light spectrum. |
| C | Ultraviolet light sources may affect the surface setting of resin materials. However, the optimum response comes from the visible light spectrum. |
| D | Sealants polymerized by visible light (490 nm wavelength) are one-component systems that require no mixing. |
DIF: Knowledge REF: p. 30 OBJ: 6
TOP: CDA, GC, III Chairside Dental Materials (Preparation, Manipulation, and Application) 2. Describe how to prepare, mix, deliver, and store other dental materials, including but not limited to e. pit and fissure sealants
MSC: NBDHE, 5.0 Using preventive agents, 5.1 Fluoride: systemic and topical, 5.1.1 Mechanisms of action
- It can be difficult to fill a fissure completely with sealant due to _____ trapped in the fissure.
| a. | air |
| b. | debris |
| c. | moisture |
| d. | all of the above |
ANS: D
| Feedback |
| A | All answers are correct. |
| B | All answers are correct. |
| C | All answers are correct. |
| D | Filling the fissure completely is difficult because air frequently is trapped in the bottom of the fissure, or the accumulation of debris and moisture at the base of the fissure prevents it from being sealed completely. |
DIF: Knowledge REF: p. 30 OBJ: 7
TOP: CDA, GC, III Chairside Dental Materials (Preparation, Manipulation, and Application) 2. Describe how to prepare, mix, deliver, and store other dental materials, including but not limited to e. pit and fissure sealants
MSC: NBDHE, 5.0 Using preventive agents, 5.1 Fluoride: systemic and topical, 5.2.2 Techniques for application
- Eighty-five percent of dental caries on posterior teeth of children ages 5 to 17 occur on which surface?
| a. | Mesial |
| b. | Distal |
| c. | Buccal |
| d. | Lingual |
| e. | Occlusal |
ANS: E
| Feedback |
| A | Mesial are smooth surfaces and are not as susceptible to formation of caries. |
| B | Distal are smooth surfaces and are not as susceptible to formation of caries. |
| C | Buccal are smooth surfaces and are not as susceptible to formation of caries. |
| D | Lingual are smooth surfaces and are not as susceptible to formation of caries. |
| E | The unusual anatomy of the pit and fissure causes such sites to exhibit a high incidence of dental caries. In fact, 84% of dental caries in children 5 to 17 years of age involve pits. |
DIF: Knowledge REF: p. 29 OBJ: 6
TOP: CDA, GC, III Chairside Dental Materials (Preparation, Manipulation, and Application) 2. Describe how to prepare, mix, deliver, and store other dental materials, including but not limited to e. pit and fissure sealants
MSC: NBDHE, 5.0 Using preventive agents, 5.1 Fluoride: systemic and topical, 5.1.1 Mechanisms of action
- Teeth should be etched with a _____ phosphoric solution for _____ seconds.
| a. | 18%; 15 |
| b. | 23%; 30 |
| c. | 37%; 60 |
| d. | 42%; 45 |
ANS: C
| Feedback |
| A | Etch material is dispensed at 37% dilution. It takes approximately 60 seconds to obtain an adequate etch. |
| B | Etch material is dispensed at 37% dilution. It takes approximately 60 seconds to obtain an adequate etch. |
| C | Etchants are generally 37% solutions of phosphoric acid in water. The solution is left on the tooth for 60 seconds before the surface is washed with a liberal amount of water for at least 15 seconds. |
| D | Etch material is dispensed at 37% dilution. It takes approximately 60 seconds to obtain an adequate etch. |
DIF: Knowledge REF: p. 32 OBJ: 8
TOP: CDA, GC, III Chairside Dental Materials (Preparation, Manipulation, and Application) 2. Describe how to prepare, mix, deliver, and store other dental materials, including but not limited to e. pit and fissure sealants
MSC: NBDHE, 5.0 Using preventive agents, 5.1 Fluoride: systemic and topical, 5.1.1 Mechanisms of action
- What should the operator do if teeth become contaminated with saliva after they are etched?
| a. | Re-etch, rinse, and dry. |
| b. | Rinse the area again and dry it. |
| c. | Use the high-velocity suction to dry. |
| d. | Add more cotton rolls for moisture control. |
ANS: A
| Feedback |
| A | If an etched tooth should become contaminated by saliva, the etching and rinsing steps are repeated. |
| B | Contamination by saliva will decrease the ability for the sealant to bond. Therefore the tooth should be re-etched, rinsed, and dried prior to placement. |
| C | Contamination by saliva will decrease the ability for the sealant to bond. Therefore the tooth should be re-etched, rinsed, and dried prior to placement. |
| D | Contamination by saliva will decrease the ability for the sealant to bond. Therefore the tooth should be re-etched, rinsed, and dried prior to placement. |
DIF: Knowledge REF: p. 32 OBJ: 9
TOP: CDA, GC, III Chairside Dental Materials (Preparation, Manipulation, and Application) 2. Describe how to prepare, mix, deliver, and store other dental materials, including but not limited to e. pit and fissure sealants
MSC: NBDHE, 5.0 Using preventive agents, 5.1 Fluoride: systemic and topical, 5.2.2 Techniques for application
- As the thickness of mouth protector material increases, the energy forces _____, and the transmitted forces _____.
| a. | increase; decrease |
| b. | increase; increase |
| c. | decrease; increase |
| d. | decrease; decrease |
ANS: A
| Feedback |
| A | As the thickness of a mouth protector material is increased from 2 to 6 mm, the energy absorption is increased, and the transmitted forces on impact are decreased. Thicker materials, however, are more uncomfortable to wear. |
| B | As the thickness increases, it absorbs blows better and decreases transmitted forces. If the material thickness decreases, blows have an increased impact. |
| C | As the thickness increases, it absorbs blows better and decreases transmitted forces. If the material thickness decreases, blows have an increased impact. |
| D | As the thickness increases, it absorbs blows better and decreases transmitted forces. If the material thickness decreases, blows have an increased impact. |
DIF: Comprehension REF: p. 35 OBJ: 18
TOP: CDA, GC, IV Laboratory materials and procedures, B Demonstrate an understanding of laboratory procedures, including but not limited to 2. fabricate custom occlusal appliances and bleaching trays MSC: NBDHE, 5.0 Using preventive agents, 5.3 Other preventive agents
- Of the following, which would not be a sign of mouth-protector deterioration?
| a. | Tearing |
| b. | Bite-through |
| c. | Discoloration |
| d. | General wear |
ANS: C
| Feedback |
| A | The breakdown of a mouth protector usually results from one of three causes: bite-through, tearing, or a general deterioration that results from chewing the protector. |
| B | The breakdown of a mouth protector usually results from one of three causes: bite-through, tearing, or a general deterioration that results from chewing the protector. |
| C | Mouth-protectors do discolor and stain, but it is not necessarily a sign of deterioration. |
| D | The breakdown of a mouth protector usually results from one of three causes: bite-through, tearing, or a general deterioration that results from chewing the protector. |
DIF: Knowledge REF: p. 35 OBJ: 21
TOP: CDA, GC, IV Laboratory materials and procedures, B Demonstrate an understanding of laboratory procedures, including but not limited to 2. fabricate custom occlusal appliances and bleaching trays MSC: NBDHE, 5.0 Using preventive agents, 5.3 Other preventive agents
- What is the purpose of etching enamel prior to placing a sealant?
| a. | Improve wetting |
| b. | Cleaning the enamel surface |
| c. | Makes the surface smooth and uniform. |
| d. | A and B are correct |
ANS: D
| Feedback |
| A | Etching enamel improves the wetting of the enamel surface. |
| B | Etching cleans the enamel surface and removes debris that could prevent bonding. |
| C | Etching the enamel forms spaces for the sealant material to penetrate and form retentive tags. |
| D | A and B are correct answers. |
DIF: Knowledge REF: p. 30 OBJ: 8
TOP: CDA, GC, III Chairside Dental Materials (Preparation, Manipulation, and Application) 2. Describe how to prepare, mix, deliver, and store other dental materials, including but not limited to e. pit and fissure sealants.
MSC: NBDHE, 5.0 Using preventive agents, 5.1 Fluoride: systemic and topical, 5.2.2 Techniques for application
- How many seconds should the light-activated sealant material be polymerized with the curing wand?
ANS: C
| Feedback |
| A | 10 seconds is inadequate for a complete cure of the material. |
| B | 15 seconds is inadequate for a complete cure of the material. |
| C | The visible light wand should remain activated for 20 seconds in order to provide an adequate cure of the material. |
| D | Over-curing of the material is not necessary. |
DIF: Knowledge REF: p. 30 OBJ: 7
TOP: CDA, GC, III Chairside Dental Materials (Preparation, Manipulation, and Application) 2. Describe how to prepare, mix, deliver, and store other dental materials, including but not limited to e. pit and fissure sealants
MSC: NBDHE, 5.0 Using preventive agents, 5.1 Fluoride: systemic and topical, 5.2.2 Techniques for application
- What is the optimum mixing time for a two-step, self-curing, sealant material?
| a. | 5 to 10 seconds |
| b. | 10 to 15 seconds |
| c. | 15 to 20 seconds |
| d. | 20 to 25 seconds |
ANS: C
| Feedback |
| A | Mixing the two components for 10 to 15 seconds will not insure a homogeneous mixture. |
| B | The optimum mixing time for a two-step sealant material is 10 to 15 seconds. |
| C | Mixing a two-step sealant for more than 15 seconds will reduce the operator’s working time. |
| D | Mixing a two-step sealant for more than 15 seconds will reduce the operator’s working time. |
DIF: Knowledge REF: p. 30 OBJ: 7
TOP: CDA, GC, III Chairside Dental Materials (Preparation, Manipulation, and Application) 2. Describe how to prepare, mix, deliver, and store other dental materials, including but not limited to e. pit and fissure sealants
MSC: NBDHE, 5.0 Using preventive agents, 5.1 Fluoride: systemic and topical, 5.1.1 Mechanisms of action
SHORT ANSWER
- Identify four criteria for not using a pit and fissure sealant.
ANS:
Current evidence indicates that sealants should not be used on the teeth of a patient who does not cooperate in maintaining good oral hygiene, on occlusal surfaces where pits and fissures do not exist, on teeth that have been free of caries for several years, and on teeth with many proximal lesions.
DIF: Application REF: p. 32 OBJ: 11
TOP: CDA, GC, III Chairside Dental Materials (Preparation, Manipulation, and Application) 2. Describe how to prepare, mix, deliver, and store other dental materials, including but not limited to e. pit and fissure sealants
MSC: NBDHE, 5.0 Using preventive agents, 5.1 Fluoride: systemic and topical, 5.1.1 Mechanisms of action
- Discuss the significance of placing a pit and fissure sealant over existing caries.
ANS:
One concern is what happens to dental caries that are purposely or inadvertently left beneath sealed pits and fissures. Several studies have reported that the number of cultivable microorganisms from carious dentin left in situ in sealed pits and fissures for up to 5 years was considerably less than before sealant was applied. Sealing a suspected carious pit and fissure appears to be a reasonable clinical service if appropriate clinical observation is maintained.
DIF: Comprehension REF: p. 32 OBJ: 12
TOP: CDA, GC, III Chairside Dental Materials (Preparation, Manipulation, and Application) 2. Describe how to prepare, mix, deliver, and store other dental materials, including but not limited to e. pit and fissure sealants
MSC: NBDHE, 5.0 Using preventive agents, 5.1 Fluoride: systemic and topical, 5.2.2 Techniques for application
- List the steps for cleaning a mouth protector after each use.
ANS:
After each use, the following steps should be performed:
- Rinse your mouth protector under cold tap water.
- Occasionally clean your mouth protector in a solution of soap and cool water.
- Do not scrub your mouth protector with an abrasive dentifrice.
- Do not use alcohol solutions or denture cleansers to clean your mouth protector.
- Store your mouth protector in the container provided.
DIF: Knowledge REF: p. 38 OBJ: 26
TOP: CDA, GC, IV Laboratory materials and procedures, B Demonstrate an understanding of laboratory procedures, including but not limited to 2. fabricate custom occlusal appliances and bleaching trays MSC: NBDHE, 5.0 Using preventive agents, 5.3 Other preventive agents
- Compare and contrast the three types of mouth protectors available for athletes to use.
ANS:
There are three types of mouth protectors available to the student athlete. They are stock, self-bite, and custom made. Stock trays can be purchased in the sporting goods section of most stores and are disliked by athletes because it is difficult to talk, and the stock mouth protector does not fit well. Self-bite, also known as boil and bite, fit marginally better, but athletes often complain of gagging and a foul taste. Custom-made mouth protectors provide the athlete with optimum coverage and ease of speech. They are also tasteless.
DIF: Analysis REF: p. 33 OBJ: 17
TOP: CDA, GC, IV Laboratory materials and procedures, B Demonstrate an understanding of laboratory procedures, including but not limited to 2. fabricate custom occlusal appliances and bleaching trays MSC: NBDHE, 5.0 Using preventive agents, 5.3 Other preventive agents
Chapter 05: Dental Amalgam
Powers: Dental Materials, 11th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
- Which component of dental amalgam exists as a liquid in the capsule before trituration?
| a. | Tin |
| b. | Silver |
| c. | Copper |
| d. | Mercury |
ANS: D
| Feedback |
| A | Tin metals are solid powders. |
| B | Silver metals are solid powders. |
| C | Copper metals are solid powders. |
| D | Mercury is the sole liquid in the capsule. |
DIF: Knowledge REF: p. 59 OBJ: 3
TOP: CDA, GC, III Chairside Dental Materials (Preparation, Manipulation, and Application) B, 1, Describe how to prepare, mix, deliver, and store restorative materials, including but not limited to a. amalgam
MSC: NMDHE, 6.0 Providing Supportive Treatment Services, 6.1 Properties and manipulation of materials
- A freshly mixed mass of amalgam has a puttylike consistency for _____ minutes.
| a. | 1 to 2 |
| b. | 4 to 5 |
| c. | 9 to 10 |
| d. | 15 |
ANS: A
| Feedback |
| A | A freshly mixed mass of amalgam has a puttylike consistency for 1 to 2 minutes. The amalgam must be manipulated into the cavity preparation during this time. The amalgam progresses to a carvable consistency for an additional 2 to 4 minutes. |
| B | This time is beyond the reaction limits, and carving after that point could result in fracture. |
| C | This time is beyond the reaction limits, and carving after that point could result in fracture. |
| D | This time is beyond the reaction limits, and carving after that point could result in fracture. |
DIF: Knowledge REF: p. 58 OBJ: 1
TOP: CDA, GC, III Chairside Dental Materials (Preparation, Manipulation, and Application) B, 1, Describe how to prepare, mix, deliver, and store restorative materials, including but not limited to a. amalgam
MSC: NMDHE, 6.0 Providing Supportive Treatment Services, 6.1 Properties and manipulation of materials
- Which of the following is not an advantage of dental amalgam when contrasted with direct resin composite?
| a. | Longevity |
| b. | Superior esthetics |
| c. | Marginal integrity in subgingival areas |
| d. | Ease of placement in diverse clinical situations |
ANS: B
