Diversity And Society Race Ethnicity And Gender 5th Edition by Joseph F. Healey -Test Bank A+

Description

1. Which of the following statements about American Indian cultures is true?
2. The universe is a unity in the traditional view of many American Indian cultures.
3. The concept of property ownership is not prominent in American Indian cultures.
4. In many American Indian cultures, cooperative group activities are stressed over those of a competitive, individualist nature.
5. Many American Indian tribes are organized around egalitarian values.

*e. All of the above

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: American Indian Cultures; p. 244

Question Type: MC

1. The passage of the Indian Reorganization Act took place during President ________’s administration.
2. John F. Kennedy
3. Jimmy Carter

*c. Franklin D. Roosevelt

1. Richard Nixon
2. Harry Truman

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Indian Reorganization Act; p. 247

Question Type: MC

1. The National Congress of American Indians (NCAI) was founded in ________.
2. 1954

*b. 1944

1. 1934
2. 1924
3. 1914

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Early Efforts; p. 252

Question Type: MC

1. According to the text, there are currently about ________ gaming establishments on reservations.
2. 500

*b. 400

1. 300
2. 200
3. 100

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Gaming and Other Development Possibilities; p. 264

Question Type: MC

1. In renditions of ________, American Indians are often portrayed as bucks and squaws, complete with headdresses, bows, tepees, and other “generic” Indian artifacts.

*a. “The Noble Red Man”

1. “The Red Savage”
2. “The Proud Chief”
3. “The Warrior”
4. “The Red Rebel”

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Prejudice and Discrimination; p. 265

Question Type: MC

1. In 2004, the Native American Church’s right to use ________ was upheld by the Supreme Court of Utah.
2. tobacco
3. marijuana

*c. peyote

1. LSD
2. hemp

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Acculturation; p. 269

Question Type: MC

1. Which of the following statements about American Indians in the U.S. is true?
2. About two-thirds of American Indian children attend segregated schools.
3. American Indians are overrepresented in more lucrative professions.

*c. Less than 1% of all American Indians hold a seat in an elected office.

1. The poverty rate for all American Indian families is less than the national rate.
2. About 50% of young American Indians hold a college degree.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Political Power; p. 272

Question Type: MC

1. Ben Nighthorse Campbell of Colorado became the first American Indian to be elected to the U.S. Senate in ________.
2. 1928
3. 1954
4. 1978

*d. 1992

1. 2001

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Political Power; p. 272

Question Type: MC

1. The concept of private property among American Indians . . .
2. Was highly developed
3. Applied only to land, not livestock or other living things
4. Applied only to horses, buffalo, and articles of clothing

*d. Was not highly developed

1. Varied greatly, according to many tribes

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: American Indian Cultures; p. 243

Question Type: MC

1. Women in American Indian tribes . . .

*a. Often held important economic and political roles

1. Were always subordinates to men
2. Held economic power sometimes but never political power
3. Were excluded from all forms of gardening and farming
4. Could not be healers or teachers

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: American Indian Cultures; p. 244

Question Type: MC

11 Indian reservations were managed by ________.

1. elected tribal members

*b. the Bureau of Indian Affairs

1. the Office of Indian Trade
2. the Bureau of American Affairs
3. the Bureau of Tribal Reservation Affairs

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Paternalism and the Bureau of Indian Affairs; p. 246

Question Type: MC

1. In the early reservation period, tribal membership was determined by ________.
2. the tribes
3. the U.S. army
4. the women of the tribe

*d. the Bureau of Indian Affairs

1. who the father was

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Paternalism and the Bureau of Indian Affairs; p. 246

Question Type: MC

1. As a result of the Dawes Act of 1887, American Indians . . .
2. Were barred from dominant school groups
3. Lost the right to vote

*c. Lost most of their land

1. Were barred from joining the U.S. army
2. Became increasingly independent

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Coercive Acculturation: The Dawes Act and Boarding Schools; p. 246

Question Type: MC

1. The BIA sent American Indian children to boarding schools. The children . . .
2. Were intentionally separated from their culture and communal ties
3. Were forbidden to speak their native languages
4. Were prevented from visiting their families and tribes when school was not in session
5. Were punished or ridiculed for practicing tribal religions and observing tribal dress codes

*e. All of the above

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Coercive Acculturation: The Dawes Act and Boarding Schools; p. 247

Question Type: MC

1. In order to be governed by the provisions of the Indian Reorganization Act, tribes were required to ________.
2. sign peace treaties
3. move to Oklahoma
4. give up their remaining land

*d. adopt a constitution and hold elections

1. honor and obey tribal elders

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Indian Reorganization Act; pp. 247–248

Question Type: MC

1. By 1948, ________ tribes were governed by the Indian Reorganization Act.
2. 10

*b. fewer than 100

1. almost 1,000
2. about 200
3. almost 500

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Indian Reorganization Act; p. 248

Question Type: MC

1. The federal policy of termination was intended to encourage . . .
2. Pluralism

*b. A return to the system of private land ownership imposed on the tribes

1. The economic development of reservations
2. American Indians to leave cities and return to their traditional homelands
3. Increased control by the federal government

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Termination Policy; p. 249

Question Type: MC

1. The Trail of Broken Treaties was a protest march to ________.

*a. Washington, D.C.

1. Wounded Knee, South Dakota
2. Alcatraz Island, San Francisco
3. the Navaho reservation in Arizona
4. Chicago, Illinois

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Red Power; p. 253

Question Type: MC

1. In what way did the Red Power movement lead to more assimilation?
2. The federal government was successfully forced to honor all treaty obligations.

*b. Native Americans from different tribes had to find common bonds in order to work together.

1. Loyalty to tribal traditions was strengthened.
2. Younger American Indians were alienated from the more assimilated older generation.
3. Militant American Indian women joined forces with the women’s liberation movement.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Red Power; p. 253

Question Type: MC

1. The Council of Energy Resource Tribes (CERT) was founded by 25 American Indian tribes in order to . . .
2. Organize gambling on reservations
3. Develop outdoor recreational facilities on reservations
4. Improve the educational and health care facilities on reservations

*d. Manage and develop the natural resources controlled by tribes

1. Prevent the dumping of toxic waste on reservations

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Natural Resources; p. 259

Question Type: MC

1. The National Congress of American Indians (NCAI) was managed by ________.
2. the Red Power movement
3. the Bureau of Indian Affairs

*c. members from many different tribes

1. members from the principal tribe
2. only American Indians who served in the military

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Early Efforts; p. 252

Question Type: MC

1. The National Council of American Indians’ program stressed the importance of . . .
2. Protecting and improving upon the rights given through treaties
3. Protecting the welfare of American Indians as well as preserving their culture and tribal institutions
4. Promoting mutual support between tribes and the government
5. Improving the quality of life of Indian Americans

*e. All of the above

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Early Efforts; p. 252

Question Type: MC

1. On American Indian reservations, unemployment . . .
2. Rarely exceeds 10%
3. Has been declining rapidly in recent years
4. Is unmeasured since no statistics are kept

*d. Has risen to a range of 70% to 80% on the smaller, more isolated reservations

1. Is not a problem

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Jobs and Income; p. 273

Question Type: MC

1. The rate of intermarriage for American Indians is . . .
2. Quite low but higher than the rate for African Americans
3. Highest on the East Coast and lowest in the mountain states

*c. Quite high compared to other groups, about 50%

1. About the same as the rate for other groups
2. Is unmeasured since no statistics are kept

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Primary Structural Assimilation; p. 275

Question Type: MC

1. Sending American Indian children to boarding schools is one way coercive acculturation was “achieved.” Within these schools, tribal languages, dress, and religion were forbidden and American Indian culture was generally discouraged. Which theory or hypothesis would most likely have predicted this?

*a. Blauner hypothesis

1. Noel hypothesis
2. Culture of poverty theory
3. Marxist theory
4. Acculturation theory

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Coercive Acculturation: The Dawes Act and Boarding Schools; p. 246

Question Type: MC

1. Which of the following occurred as a result of the government’s policy of termination?
2. In general, American Indians celebrated not being under the rule of the federal government any longer.
3. American Indian land was given back to American Indian tribes.
4. American Indian land was placed in private hands.

*d. About 100 tribes were terminated.

1. Women were encouraged to work in private industry as nurses and secretaries.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Termination Policy; p. 249

Question Type: MC

1. Approximately what percentage of American Indians are now urbanized?
2. 80%
3. 20%
4. 30%
5. 60%

*e. 70%

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Relocation and Urbanization; p. 249

Question Type: MC

1. What percentage of American Indian tribal members who still live on the reservation have finished high school?
2. 100%

*b. 64%

1. 90%
2. 85%
3. 20%

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Attracting Industry to the Reservation; p. 261

Question Type: MC

1. Which of the following regarding the Red Power movement is false?
2. AIM organized a march on Washington, D.C., called the Trail of Broken Treaties to dramatize the problems of the tribes.

*b. Since the early 1980s, the level of protest activity by American Indians has increased.

1. The Red Power movement encouraged pan-tribal unity.
2. In 1973, AIM successfully occupied the village of Wounded Knee to protest the violation of treaty rights.
3. All of the above

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Red Power; pp. 252–254

Question Type: MC

1. Approximately what percentage of the American Indian population was decimated by 1900?
2. 10%
3. 25%
4. 33%
5. 50%

*e. 75%

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Were American Indians the Victims of Genocide?; p. 255

Question Type: MC

1. As opposed to African Americans and many other minority groups, American Indians have been more interested in ________.

*a. pluralism

1. acculturation
2. integration
3. paternalistic competition
4. segregation

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Acculturation; p. 269

Question Type: MC

1. Which of the following statements about American Indians is true?
2. The level of residential segregation among American Indians increased between 1980 and 2000.
3. California, Minnesota, and North Dakota have the largest concentration of American Indians.
4. The number of American Indians holding elected office reached 17 in 2004.

*d. The rate of out-marriage for American Indians is quite high compared with other groups.

1. The unemployment rate for American Indians is on par with the national average for all groups.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Primary Structural Assimilation; p. 275

Question Type: MC

True/False

1. Over the last century, American Indians have become increasingly rural.
2. True

*b. False

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Acculturation; p. 249

Question Type: TF

1. The revenue American Indians receive from gaming on their reservations is about the same as the revenues received from gambling in the entire state of Nevada.
2. True

*b. False

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Gaming and Other Development Possibilities; p. 264

Question Type: TF

1. By the 1890s, tribes that survived the long struggle between American Indians and European Americans had become minority groups.

*a. True

1. False

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Reservation Life; p. 246

Question Type: TF

1. After the 1890s, American Indians lived on reservations under a paternalistic system of government.

*a. True

1. False

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Reservation Life; p. 246

Question Type: TF

1. American Indians were highly individualistic, rather than group oriented.
2. True

*b. False

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Coercive Acculturation: The Dawes Act and Boarding Schools; p. 246

Question Type: TF

1. The main goal of American Indians was to integrate into mainstream society as quickly as possible.
2. True

*b. False

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Assimilation and Pluralism; p. 267

Question Type: TF

1. Under the Dawes Act, American Indians lost significant portions of their land, and much of what remained was of poor quality.

*a. True

1. False

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Coercive Acculturation: The Dawes Act and Boarding Schools; p. 246

Question Type: TF

1. Boarding schools were successful in fully inculcating Anglo values, ethics, and religion to native children.
2. True

*b. False

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Coercive Acculturation: The Dawes Act and Boarding Schools; p. 247

Question Type: TF

1. The Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 rescinded the Dawes Allotment Act and reduced the paternalism formerly imposed upon American Indians.

*a. True

1. False

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Indian Reorganization Act; p. 247

Question Type: TF

1. The policy of termination resulted in about 100 tribes being terminated and was especially disastrous to the Menominee of Wisconsin and Klamath on the West Coast.

*a. True

1. False

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Termination Policy; p. 249

Question Type: TF

1. The focus of the Red Power movement was to assimilate American Indians with white Americans.
2. True

*b. False

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Red Power; p. 253

Question Type: TF

1. Many of the treaties established during the 1800s have been broken, although some tribes have had success with regaining treaty rights through the court system.

*a. True

1. False

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Broken Treaties; p. 263

Question Type: TF

1. Gambling has eradicated poverty from most of the American Indian reservations.
2. True

*b. False

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Gaming and Other Development Possibilities; p. 265

Question Type: TF

1. The relative status of American Indians in the United States has improved significantly in the last decade of the 20th century, and most Americans view them more positively.

*a. True

1. False

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Progress and Challenges; p. 278

Question Type: TF

1. Many American Indians are offended by the nicknames of athletic teams, such as the Cleveland Indians or Atlanta Braves, and the use of tomahawk chops and Indian mascots, while the public dismisses these things as “trivial.”

*a. True

1. False

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Prejudice and Discrimination; p. 266

Question Type: TF

1. About 20% of all American Indians in the continental U.S. speak a language other than English at home.

*a. True

1. False

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Acculturation; p. 268

Question Type: TF

1. Although the number of American Indians enrolled in college has increased, the percentage of American Indians that actually graduate from high school and college is still well below the national average.

*a. True

1. False

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: School Integration and Educational Attainment; p. 270

Question Type: TF

1. American Indians began to urbanize rapidly in the 1950s but are still less urbanized than the national population. In fact, they are the least urbanized minority group in the United States.

*a. True

1. False

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Relocation and Urbanization; p. 249

Question Type: TF

1. Because the policy of termination was headed and supported by government officials, it was, by all accounts, fairly successful.
2. True

*b. False

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Termination Policy; p. 249

Question Type: TF

1. Programs under the IRA included opportunities for women that helped prepare them for jobs off the reservation in the fields of nursing and clerical work.

*a. True

1. False

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Indian Reorganization Act; p. 248

Question Type: TF

1. From a Western perspective, the division of labor in American Indian societies was “backward.” Thus, white military representatives tended to ignore women tribal leaders.

*a. True

1. False

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: American Indian Cultures; p. 244

Question Type: TF

1. The Bureau of Indian Affairs has tried to take into consideration the needs of various tribes by asking tribal leaders for their input regarding policy.
2. True

*b. False

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Paternalism and the Bureau of Indian Affairs; p. 246

Question Type: TF

1. According to the ranking of American Indians on social distance scales, there has been a decline in prejudice toward them since the 1970s.

*a. True

1. False

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Prejudice and Discrimination; p. 266

Question Type: TF

1. The Self-Determination Act of 1975 primarily benefited smaller, less well-organized tribes.
2. True

*b. False

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Natural Resources; p. 251

Question Type: TF

1. The 1969, the occupation of Alcatraz Island in San Francisco was organized by the federal government.
2. True

*b. False

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Red Power; p. 253

Question Type: TF

1. According to the text, the Navajo reservation encompasses about 20 million acres.

*a. True

1. False

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Attracting Industry to the Reservation, p. 261

Question Type: TF

1. The single most profitable Indian gambling operation is the Foxwoods Casino in Connecticut.

*a. True

1. False

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Gaming and Other Development Possibilities; p. 264

Question Type: TF

1. In popular culture, American Indians have not yet enjoyed an upsurge of popularity and sympathetic portrayals.
2. True

*b. False

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Progress and Challenges; p. 277

Question Type: TF

1. All American Indian nations have been able to profit from casino revenues.
2. True

*b. False

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Gaming and Other Development Possibilities; p. 265

Question Type: TF

1. American Indians have always shown and continue to demonstrate great diversity.

*a. True

1. False

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: American Indian Cultures; p. 242

Question Type: TF

1. Contemporary American Indians continue to be limited by poverty, powerlessness, prejudice, and discrimination.

*a. True

1. False

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Contemporary American Indian–White Relations; p. 265

Question Type: TF

1. Urban American Indians and urban African American populations experience similar levels of unemployment and other social ills.

*a. True

1. False

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Jobs and Income; p. 273

Question Type: TF

1. American Indians have been oriented toward a pluralistic relationship with the larger society.

*a. True

1. False

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Comparing Minority Groups; p. 277

Question Type: TF

1. As of 2004, the Native American Church’s right to use peyote has been supported by the Supreme Court of the United States.
2. True

*b. False

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Acculturation; p. 269

Question Type: TF

1. American Indian languages are in danger of disappearing as generations continue to change.

*a. True

1. False

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Acculturation; p. 270

Question Type: TF

1. American Indians have been more successful than African Americans in preserving their traditional cultures.

*a. True

1. False

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Acculturation; p. 269

Question Type: TF

1. The stereotypes attached to American Indians and African Americans during the early years of European colonization are similar.
2. True

*b. False

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Acculturation; p. 276

Question Type: TF

1. Schools for American Indians were primarily focused on education and not on “Westernizing” children.
2. True

*b. False

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: School Integration and Educational Attainment; p. 270

Question Type: TF

1. All American Indian tribes were capable of taking advantage of the opportunities provided by the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934.
2. True

*b. False

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Indian Reorganization Act; p. 248

Question Type: TF

Essay

1. “Whereas African Americans had been exploited for their labor, American Indians were exploited for their land.” Explain this statement. What other differences emerged between African Americans and American Indians due to their differing contact situations?
2. Varies

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Comparing Minority Groups; p. 269

Question Type: ESS

1. Describe and discuss the status of American Indians in terms of acculturation and integration. How would you account for these patterns?
2. Varies

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Assimilation and Pluralism; pp. 267–276

Question Type: ESS

1. Describe and discuss the Dawes Act of 1887 and the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934. How did these acts impact American Indians?
2. Varies

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Coercive Acculturation: The Dawes Act and Boarding Schools; pp. 246–248

Question Type: ESS

1. Describe and discuss the degree of integration of American Indians into various institutions of public life. Be sure to include residence, education, and political power.
2. Varies

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Varies

Question Type: ESS

1. Describe and discuss the modern American Indian protest movement. Be sure to discuss the role that AIM has played in this movement.
2. Varies

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Red Power; pp. 252–254

Question Type: ESS

1. Compare and contrast the Navajo and Choctaw nations in regard to their respective rates of employment, poverty, income, and the education of its members.
2. Varies

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Attracting Industry to the Reservation; pp. 261–263

Question Type: ESS

1. Explain in what ways American Indians have continued to be limited by poverty, powerlessness, prejudice, and discrimination. How does this differ within various American Indian communities?
2. Varies

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Varies

Question Type: ESS

1. Characterize the status of American Indians in terms of acculturation, secondary structural integration, and primary structural assimilation.
2. Varies

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Varies

Question Type: ESS

1. Explain the statement, “The Red Power movement was partly assimilationist even though it pursued pluralistic goals and greater autonomy for the tribes.”
2. Varies

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Varies

Question Type: ESS

1. Describe the effects of paternalism and coercive acculturation on American Indians. Give one example of each. Explain how these examples shaped the future of the group.
2. Varies

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Varies

Question Type: ESS

1. Explain the changes that transpired over the course of the 20th century after the enactment of the federal Indian policy. How did these changes affect the tribes? What role did the American Indian protest movement play in prompting change?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Varies

Question Type: ESS

Chapter 7: Hispanic Americans: Colonization, Immigration, and Ethnic Enclaves

Multiple Choice

1. In ________, the Bracero Program was initiated to bring in contract laborers from Mexico.
2. 1962
3. 1952

*c. 1942

1. 1932
2. 1922

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Table 7.2 Significant Dates in Mexican Immigration; p. 293

Question Type: MC

1. The 1960s was a time of intense activism and militancy for Mexican Americans. A protest movement guided by an ideology called ________ began.
2. Brown Power
3. Zapatistas

*c. Chicanismo

1. Tejanismo
2. Chicano Crusaders

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Chicanismo; p. 300

Question Type: MC

1. ________’s best known tactic was the organization of a grape pickers’ strike and a national grape boycott that began in 1965.

*a. César Chávez

1. Jose Angel Gutierrez
2. Reis Lopez Tijerina
3. Rodolfo Gonzalez
4. Linda Alvarez

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Organizations and Leaders; p. 302

Question Type: MC

1. In 2011, the number of undocumented immigrants was estimated at ________.

*a. 11.1 million

1. 12.8 million
2. 13.2 million
3. 14.6 million
4. 15.8 million

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Conditions in Mexico, Fluctuating Demand for Labor, and Federal Immigration

Policy; pp. 294–295

Question Type: MC

1. About ________% of the U.S. population is foreign-born.
2. 1
3. 5

*c. 13

1. 20
2. 25

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Immigration to Europe vs. Immigration to the United States; p. 313

Question Type: MC

1. The racial background of Mexican Americans is mainly ________.
2. Native American and African
3. African and European

*c. Native American and European

1. Asian and European
2. Native American only

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Mexican Americans; p. 288

Question Type: MC

1. The term Hispanic American . . .
2. Is widely applied, and since it is based on a shared language, it is seen as a neutral term and nonoffensive to non-Hispanics
3. Can have negative meanings and controversial connotations
4. Does not acknowledge the roots that some groups have to African and Native American civilizations
5. Is a label that was invented and applied by the dominant group

*e. All of the above

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Mexican Americans; p. 289

Question Type: MC

1. At the beginning of the 20th century, Mexican Americans were a small group and both culturally and linguistically separate from the dominant group. In this way, they resembled ________.
2. Irish Americans
3. African Americans
4. German Americans

*d. Native Americans

1. Jewish Americans

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Mexican Americans; p. 289

Question Type: MC

1. At the beginning of the 20th century, Mexican Americans were a low-paid workforce in the rural sector of their regional economy. In this regard, they resembled ________.

*a. African Americans

1. American Indians
2. Irish Americans
3. German Americans
4. Jewish Americans

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Mexican Americans; p. 289

Question Type: MC

1. During the 20th century, immigration from Mexico to the United States . . .
2. remained low and inconsistent

*b. fluctuated according to the demand for unskilled labor in the U.S.

1. generally declined; there are actually fewer immigrants today than in the 1930s
2. fluctuated according to the demand for workers in the primary sector of the U.S. economy
3. declined as the children of former immigrants are now replacing their parents

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Mexican Americans; p. 299

Question Type: MC

1. Federal policy toward immigration from Mexico . . .
2. Has been consistently pro-immigration
3. Has been consistently anti-immigration

*c. Has fluctuated between being pro- and anti-immigration

1. Is irrelevant since immigration is not a concern of the federal government
2. Has generally discouraged immigration but encouraged immigration during the depression of the 1930s

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Immigration; pp. 292–293

Question Type: MC

1. Which of the following permitted immigration from Mexico?
2. Repatriation
3. Operation Wetback
4. Termination

*d. The Bracero Program

1. The quota system

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Table 7.2 Significant Dates in Mexican Immigration; p. 293

Question Type: MC

1. The 1980s legislation that allowed illegal immigrants to legalize their status as immigrants was the ________.

*a. Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA)

1. Quota Act
2. repatriation program
3. Bracero Program
4. Operation Wetback

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Immigration; p. 294

Question Type: MC

1. Which of the following might explain why the U.S. policy on immigration from Mexico has fluctuated so often?

*a. The Noel hypothesis with its emphasis on competition and power

1. The traditional model of assimilation with its emphasis on acculturation and integration
2. The culture of poverty theory with its emphasis on values and cultural traditions
3. The human capital theory with its emphasis on the importance of education
4. The Marxist theory on class conflict

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Conditions in Mexico, Fluctuating Demand for Labor, and Federal Immigration

Policy; p. 292

Question Type: MC

1. In 1960, braceros supplied ________ of the nation’s seasonal farm labor.
2. 10%

*b. 26%

1. 80%
2. 90%
3. 5%

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Conditions in Mexico, Fluctuating Demand for Labor, and Federal Immigration

Policy; p. 294

Question Type: MC

1. Puerto Rico became a U.S. territory as a result of ________.
2. World War I
3. the American Civil War

*c. the Spanish-American War

1. a border dispute between Mexico and Cuba
2. World War II

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Puerto Ricans; p. 304

Question Type: MC

1. Puerto Ricans became citizens of the United States in ________.
2. 1900
3. 2000
4. 1898
5. 1940

*e. 1917

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Migration (Push and Pull) and Employment; p. 304

Question Type: MC

1. In the late 1940s, ________ was a major center of settlement for Puerto Ricans.
2. San Francisco
3. Washington, D.C.
4. Los Angeles

*d. New York

1. Anchorage

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Migration (Push and Pull) and Employment; p. 305

Question Type: MC

1. Puerto Ricans tend to see race . . .
2. As not very important due to Puerto Rico’s long history of racial intermarriage
3. As a continuum of possibilities and combinations
4. As less important than one’s social class
5. As an indicator of social class

*e. All of the above

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Transitions; p. 306

Question Type: MC

1. Which of the following statements about Hispanics is true?
2. Rates of intermarriage are lower for Latinos than for African Americans.
3. In comparison to the households of all other minority groups, fewer Hispanic households are headed by females.
4. The percentage of Hispanics that voted in the 2008 presidential election represents a small decrease from the percentage that voted in the 2004 election.

*d. Colombian Americans have the highest level of educational attainment among all Hispanic subgroups.

1. None of the above

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Education; p. 323

Question Type: MC

1. Cuban Americans were a very small group until a revolution in Cuba in the late ________.
2. 1930s

*b. 1950s

1. 1960s
2. 1970s
3. 1980s

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Immigration (Push and Pull); p. 308

Question Type: MC

1. Based on the information presented in the text, which of the following individuals would probably have the highest income?

*a. A Cuban American male that is self-employed within the enclave

1. A Cuban American male who works for a firm owned by another Cuban American
2. A Mexican American male who works for a firm owned by a non-Hispanic white
3. A Puerto Rican male who works for a firm owned by a non-Hispanic white
4. A Cuban American female who does domestic work

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Ethnic Enclave; p. 311

Question Type: MC

1. Contrary to what is traditionally considered successful assimilation, success for Cuban Americans is associated with ________.
2. higher levels of acculturation and integration

*b. lower levels of acculturation and integration

1. residence outside of south Florida
2. willingness to become fluent in English
3. two-wage-earner families

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Ethnic Enclave; p. 330

Question Type: MC

1. Among Hispanics Americans, English fluency . . .

*a. Increases by generation and is greatest for people who have been in the U.S. the longest

1. Is very low and decreases with length of residence
2. Is very high; most Latino immigrants arrive with a good knowledge of English
3. Is extremely low for those who speak Spanish at home
4. Does not correlate with economic success for all Latinos

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Mexican Americans; p. 316

Question Type: MC

1. Which Hispanic group has the highest level of income and the lowest level of poverty and unemployment?
2. Mexican Americans
3. Puerto Ricans

*c. Cuban Americans

1. Caribbean Hispanics
2. They are all equal in income, poverty, and unemployment.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Ethnic Enclave; p. 327

Question Type: MC

1. Which of the following people are most closely associated with the Chicano movement?

*a. Reies Lopez Tijerina, Jose Angel Gutierrez, and César Chávez

1. Lopez Tijuana, Romeo Gonzalez, and Jose Angel Gutierrez
2. César Chávez, Romeo Gonzalez, Jose Angel Gutierrez
3. Jose Angel Gutierrez, Cesar Romeo, Romeo Gonzalez
4. Jose Angel Gutierrez, Cesar Romeo, Reies Lopez Tijerina

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Gender and the Chicano Protest Movement; pp. 301–302

Question Type: MC

1. Which of the following is the most prominent difference between Mexican Americans and Anglo-Americans?
2. Mexican Americans don’t emphasize family relations as much as Anglo-Americans do, in part because of the nature of seasonal labor, which often requires staying away from homes for a long period of time.
3. Mexican Americans tend to be more active in religious life (e.g., church attendance).
4. No matter how similar their social class, educational background, or length of residence in the U.S. is to other Americans, Mexican Americans still tend to have different systems of value.

*d. The dominant society (i.e., Anglo-American society) is largely Protestant, while most Mexican Americans are Catholic.

1. Mexican Americans tend to support “machismo,” while Anglo-Americans do not.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Cultural Patterns; p. 290

Question Type: MC

1. Which of the following most closely resembles the goals of Operation Wetback?
2. A 1942 program to bring in contract laborers from Mexico

*b. A 1950s government program to deport illegal immigrants from Mexico

1. A 1965 program to give priority to Mexican immigrants who had family and kin with U.S. citizenship
2. A 1986 program to allow illegal immigrants who had been in the country since 1982 to legalize their status
3. A 1994 proposition in California that barred illegal immigrants from receiving any taxpayer-funded benefits such as publicly funded health care or education

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Conditions in Mexico, Fluctuating Demand for Labor, and Federal Immigration

Policy; p. 294

Question Type: MC

1. The Hispanic Americans’ primary structural assimilation with the dominant group has been ________ the assimilation of African Americans and ________ the assimilation of American Indians.
2. greater than; less than

*b. greater than; greater than

1. less than; greater than
2. less than; less than
3. about the same as; about the same as

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Conditions in Mexico, Fluctuating Demand for Labor, and Federal Immigration

Policy; p. 329

Question Type: MC

1. Which of the following statements regarding Latino acculturation to the United States is false?

*a. Latino groups are highly variable with regard to the extent at which they acculturate but are often “slower” to change than other immigrants (e.g., learning English, adopting Anglo customs).

1. Hispanics follow many of the same patterns of assimilation as European groups.
2. Rates of acculturation increase with length of residence and are higher for native-born Latinos.
3. As acculturation continues, Hispanic culture and the Spanish language are revitalized by immigration.
4. What is perceived to be slow acculturation for Latino groups is mostly the result of fast and continuous immigration.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Acculturation; pp. 316–319

Question Type: MC

1. The ________ thesis argues that whites will gradually lose their dominant status as Latino and Asian American groups grow in numbers.
2. nativist
3. whitening
4. coloring

*d. browning

1. symbolic

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Hispanic Americans and the Evolution of the American Racial Order; p. 331

Question Type: MC

1. Arizona’s Support Our Law Enforcement and Safe Neighborhoods Act (Arizona SB 1070), in part, allowed . . .

*a. Police to check anyone for proof of citizenship

1. Private citizens the right to sue police
2. Illegal immigrants to stay in Arizona
3. New accommodations to make immigrants feel safe in Arizona
4. New measures to improve immigrants’ civil rights in Arizona

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Assimilation and Pluralism; p. 315

Question Type: MC

1. Today, 16 out of every 100 Americans is Hispanic, but by ________, this ratio is projected to almost double to 30 out of every 100.
2. 2020
3. 2030
4. 2040

*d. 2050

1. 2060

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Hispanic Americans; p. 287

Question Type: MC

1. Latinos are concentrated in which geographic region?
2. The Northwest

*b. The Southwest

1. The Midwest
2. The Southeast
3. New England

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Hispanic Americans; p. 319

Question Type: MC

1. By the dawn of the 20th century, the situation of Mexican Americans resembled that of ________ in some ways.
2. Anglo Americans
3. Italian Americans

*c. American Indians

1. Dutch Americans
2. all immigrants

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Mexican Americans; p. 289

Question Type: MC

1. The Chicanismo movement questioned the value of ________.

*a. assimilation

1. apartheid
2. activism
3. pluralism
4. socialism

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Chicanismo; p. 300

Question Type: MC

1. Both Martin Luther King and ________ modeled their nonviolent, direct protests after Gandhi.
2. Rafael Trujillo
3. Reies Lopez Tijerina
4. Pedro Albizu Campos
5. Luis Muñoz Marín

*e. César Chávez

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Organizations and Leaders; p. 302

Question Type: MC

1. Unlike ________, Chicanos were not cut off from their homeland and native culture.
2. American Indians

*b. African Americans

1. Anglo Saxons
2. Cuban Americans
3. Puerto Ricans

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Mexican Americans and Other Minority Groups; p. 303

Question Type: MC

1. The ________ thesis stresses that Latinos and Asian Americans are not black and hypothesizes that they eventually will be accepted as white.
2. harmony
3. equal opportunity
4. racial inclusivity

*d. whitening
e. one-drop

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Whitening; p. 331

Question Type: MC

1. According to the text, a research project conducted by Murguia and Foreman in 2003 focused on Mexican Americans and found that they tend to prefer spouses, neighbors, coworkers, and friends who are either ________.
2. black or Puerto Rican, not white
3. Asian or black, not white
4. Cuban or black, not white
5. Asian or white, not black

*e. Puerto Rican or white, not black

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Whitening; p. 331

Question Type: MC

1. Today, roughly ­­­­­­­­­________ of the Mexican population lives in the United States.
2. 1%
3. 25%
4. 40%
5. 50%

*e. 10%

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Push and Pull; p. 292

Question Type: MC

True/False

1. According to the text, Puerto Ricans and Cubans are clustered along the West Coast, particularly in Los Angeles and San Diego.
2. True

*b. False

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Secondary Structural Assimilation; p. 309

Question Type: TF

1. A 2002 survey found that most Latinos who predominantly spoke English were members of the second generation of Latino immigrants.
2. True

*b. False
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Acculturation; p. 317

Question Type: TF

1. Hispanic Americans are the second largest minority group in the United States and will probably be the largest group early in the next century.
2. True

*b. False

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Hispanic Americans; p. 285

Question Type: TF

1. Today, most social analysts see Mexican Americans in terms of the social theory of the culture of poverty and claim their low social status is a result of an unhealthy value system.
2. True

*b. False

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Cultural Patterns; p. 290

Question Type: TF

1. If we look at patterns of immigration dating back to the 1900s, it can be argued that Mexicans have served as a reserve labor pool for the benefit of U.S. businesses, agricultural interests, and other groups.

*a. True

1. False

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Conditions in Mexico, Fluctuating Demand for Labor, and Federal Immigration Policy; p. 292

Question Type: TF

1. During the repatriation campaign, many legal immigrants and native-born Mexican Americans were forced to move to Mexico.

*a. True

1. False

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Conditions in Mexico, Fluctuating Demand for Labor, and Federal Immigration Policy; p. 293

Question Type: TF

1. The Bracero Program, which continued for several decades, did not significantly affect agricultural labor.
2. True

*b. False

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Conditions in Mexico, Fluctuating Demand for Labor, and Federal Immigration Policy; p. 294

Question Type: TF

1. During Operation Wetback, raids on homes and places of business often resulted in the violation of civil and legal rights of U.S. citizens of Mexican descent.

*a. True

1. False

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Conditions in Mexico, Fluctuating Demand for Labor, and Federal Immigration Policy; p. 294

Question Type: TF

1. Mexican immigrants, both undocumented and legal, exist at the same level of poverty they would have experienced if they lived in Mexico.
2. True

*b. False

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Conditions in Mexico, Fluctuating Demand for Labor, and Federal Immigration Policy; p. 295

Question Type: TF

1. Mexican Americans often played important leadership roles in the labor movement, particularly in agriculture and mining.

*a. True

1. False

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Organizations and Leaders; p. 300

Question Type: TF

1. The term Chicano was originally used by the dominant culture in a derogatory manner.

*a. True

1. False

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Chicanismo; p. 301

Question Type: TF

1. Puerto Rican migration was unlike Mexican migration because Puerto Ricans had already been established as U.S. citizens in 1917.

*a. True

1. False

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Transitions; p. 306

Question Type: TF

1. In Puerto Rico, distinctions of race are much more important than distinctions of class.
2. True

*b. False

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Transitions; p. 306

Question Type: TF

1. The marielitos were all undesirables, convicted criminals, and outcasts.
2. True

*b. False

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Immigration (Push and Pull); p. 308

Question Type: TF

1. Ethnic enclaves can only develop when businesses, financial expertise, and capital are combined with a disciplined labor force.

*a. True

1. False

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Ethnic Enclave; p. 312

Question Type: TF

1. The poverty rate of Cubans is much lower than the rate for Mexicans and Puerto Ricans.

*a. True

1. False

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Ethnic Enclave; p. 327

Question Type: TF

1. According to the text, colonized minority groups such as Chicanos and Puerto Ricans have not been encouraged to assimilate because they are valued primarily for their cheap labor and are considered less valuable in other respects.

*a. True

1. False

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Acculturation; p. 317

Question Type: TF

1. Hispanics are much more likely to register and vote in national elections than non-Hispanics.
2. True

*b. False

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Political Power; p. 324

Question Type: TF

1. Among Hispanics, a split labor market exists where women are among the lowest paid and are exploited the most in the labor market.

*a. True

1. False

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Gender and Inequality; p. 327

Question Type: TF

1. One type of evidence that illustrates the effectiveness of the ethnic enclave as a pathway for adaptation is the difference in Mexican and Cuban incomes; Cubans tend to make much more money than Mexicans.

*a. True

1. False

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Jobs and Income; p. 310

Question Type: TF

1. Mexican Americans remain a colonized minority group and have been systematically excluded from opportunities for upward mobility by institutional discrimination and segregation.

*a. True

1. False

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Jobs and Income; p. 303

Question Type: TF

1. Two of the three largest groups of Hispanic Americans are Mexican Americans and Cuban Americans.

*a. True

1. False

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Jobs and Income; p. 286

Question Type: TF

1. Cuban Americans are one of the most spatially concentrated minority groups in the United States.

*a. True

1. False

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Regional Concentrations; p. 309

Question Type: TF

1. Puerto Ricans who live in the United States are mainly centered in Boston.
2. True

*b. False

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Migration (Push and Pull) and Employment; p. 305

Question Type: TF

1. According to the text, Dominican American households, in comparison to other Hispanic groups, are more likely to be headed by females.

*a. True

1. False

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Gender and Inequality; p. 327

Question Type: TF

1. According to the text, there is a higher percentage of Cuban Americans than Mexican Americans in the very lowest income category.
2. True

*b. False

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Ethnic Enclave; p. 327

Question Type: TF

1. About 50% of the U.S. population is foreign born.
2. True

*b. False

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Ethnic Enclave; p. 313

Question Type: TF

1. The largest Latino group in the United States is of Mexican ancestry.

*a. True

1. False

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Immigration; pp. 286–287

Question Type: TF

1. Hispanic Americans are partly an ethnic minority group (i.e., identified by cultural characteristics such as language) and partly a racial minority group (identified by their physical appearance).

*a. True

1. False

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Immigration; p. 288

Question Type: TF

1. All Hispanic American groups are recent immigrants to the United States.
2. True

*b. False

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Immigration; p. 288

Question Type: TF

1. The contact period for Cuban Americans, as for Puerto Ricans, dates back to the Spanish-American War of 1898.

*a. True

1. False

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Immigration (Push and Pull); p. 308

Question Type: TF

Essay

1. Explain the evolution of federal policy on Mexican immigration over the course of the twentieth century. What were the major policies? When and why did they change?

*a. Varies

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Varies

Question Type: ESS

1. Apply Blauner’s hypothesis to the situation of Mexican Americans over the 20th century. Does the group consist primarily of immigrants, or can they be considered a colonized minority group? Both? Neither? Explain by citing specific evidence.

*a. Varies

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Varies

Question Type: ESS

1. How did Puerto Ricans and Cuban Americans become minority groups? Describe the contact situation of each group. Explain how the contact situation shaped relations with the larger society. Compare these patterns with Mexican Americans.

*a. Varies

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Varies

Question Type: ESS

1. Analyze the status of Mexican Americans, Puerto Ricans, and Cuban Americans in terms of acculturation, secondary structural integration, and primary structural integration. What important differences can you identify between these three Hispanic groups? How do you account for these differences? Apply Blauner’s hypothesis and the concepts of split labor markets, the urban underclass, institutionalized discrimination, and ethnic enclaves in your essay.

*a. Varies

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Varies

Question Type: ESS

1. Compare and contrast the three largest Hispanic groups with Native Americans and African Americans. What differences and similarities can you identify? What concepts, ideas, and hypotheses help account for these patterns?

*a. Varies

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Varies

Question Type: ESS

1. In what ways does gender influence the experiences of Latina women in work, education, family life, and activism?

*a. Varies

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Varies

Question Type: ESS

1. Explain what is meant when the text says, “The label Hispanic American includes a number of groups that are diverse and distinct from one another.” What are some examples of this?

*a. Varies

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Varies

Question Type: ESS