Ethics Issues Contemporary Nursing 2nd Canadian Edition By Burkhardt – Test Bank A{+

Description

1. When do moral dilemmas occur?

a.	when the nurse is unsure of the morally correct action
b.	when there are conflicting moral claims
c.	when moral claims conflict with practical claims
d.	when participants disagree on the appropriate course of action

ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. 123 BLM: Remember

1. The nurse manager asks Martha, a staff nurse, if she will work an additional four hours at the end of her shift. Martha’s patient is unstable, and there are not enough nurses on the next shift to care for him adequately. If she works overtime, Martha will have to break a promise she made to watch her children’s soccer game. What is this situation an example of?

a.	moral distress
b.	a moral dilemma
c.	moral reckoning
d.	a practical dilemma

ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: p. 124 BLM: Higher Order

1. A registered nurse witnesses another nurse violating a patient’s autonomy. Even though she did not participate in the action, the nurse who witnessed the act experiences powerlessness, frustration, and anger. What does this reaction describe?

a.	moral distress
b.	moral uncertainty
c.	moral outrage
d.	moral disengagement

ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: p. 126 BLM: Higher Order

1. Why do physicians sometimes make unilateral decisions in morally important situations?

a.	Moral decision making is reserved for physicians.
b.	Nurses are seldom aware of the patient’s wishes and life context.
c.	There is sometimes a power imbalance in the health care setting.
d.	It is illegal for nurses to participate in moral decision making.

ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: p. 122 BLM: Remember

1. Which of the following best defines moral residue?

a.	when you see that there is a moral problem but are not sure of the correct action
b.	being asked to compromise your values time and time again
c.	self-knowledge combined with decision-making skill
d.	the ability to make cogent moral decisions

ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. 127 BLM: Remember

1. The nurse is involving all stakeholders and has identified and proposed new options to institutional guidelines. Applying the nursing process, what stage would the nurse be using, according to the College of Nurses Practice Standard for Ethics?

a.	Assessing the situation
b.	Deciding upon an approach
c.	Taking action
d.	Evaluation

ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: p. 129 BLM: Higher Order

1. Michael, an ICU nurse, worked with the team as they followed the physician’s order to discontinue life support on a patient diagnosed with persistent vegetative state. Michael believes that life is sacred and that he has a duty to do whatever it takes to preserve life. Nevertheless, he remained silent as the decision was made, and he assisted his coworkers when they unplugged the respirator. In this situation, what is Michael likely to experience?

a.	moral uncertainty
b.	moral distress
c.	moral outrage
d.	moral perplexity

ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. 124–125 BLM: Higher Order

1. Which of the following is an example of a moral dilemma?

a.	A nurse who is accustomed to working on the prenatal unit floats to the ER.
b.	A nurse who has strong religious beliefs opposing abortion is assigned to assist with an elective abortion.
c.	A terminally ill patient on life support suffers from severe, intractable pain.
d.	A patient has a cardiopulmonary arrest when the suction apparatus fails.

ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: p. 123 BLM: Higher Order

1. During which step of the moral decision-making process is it appropriate to determine the key participants?

a.	data gathering
b.	problem articulation
c.	strategy exploration
d.	strategy implementation

ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: p. 133 BLM: Higher Order

1. The nurse and other members of the healthcare team participate with the patient in making a particularly difficult moral decision. If the CNO Practice Standard for Ethics is properly implemented, which of the following may occur?

a.	The nurse disagrees with the decision.
b.	Emotions are active and determine the decision.
c.	The patient’s feelings are devalued, as they are too emotional.
d.	Support is provided to the healthcare team and the patient.

ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: p. 128–129 BLM: Higher Order

1. When does moral uncertainty occur?

a.	when we sense that there is a moral problem, but are not sure of the morally correct action
b.	when someone else in the health care setting performs an act the nurse believes to be immoral
c.	when two or more mutually exclusive moral claims clearly apply
d.	when participants disagree on the appropriate course of action

ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: p. 122–123 BLM: Higher Order

1. What step in the process of ethical decision making involves the nurse examining the situation for evidence of conflicting obligations, principles, duties, rights, loyalties, values, or beliefs?

a.	Identify options.
b.	Determine moral perspective.
c.	Gather facts in order to clarify issues.
d.	Determine desired outcomes.

ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: p. 132 BLM: Remember

1. What step in the process of ethical decision making involves participants excluding results that are totally unacceptable, along with their potential consequences?

a.	Identify options.
b.	Determine moral perspective.
c.	Gather data and identify conflicting moral claims.
d.	Determine desired outcomes.

ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: p. 135 BLM: Remember

1. According to Thomas and Waluchow, which of the following is an example of a pre-reflective statement in response to a moral question?

a.	“Abortion should never happen because it is murder.”
b.	“Abortion is a difficult concept to accept for many because of the social values we place on life.”
c.	“I disagree with abortion because it will directly cause death. My spiritual beliefs prohibit this on the basis of protecting sanctity of life.”
d.	“Abortion is morally permissible because the rights of the pregnant woman take priority over the right of the fetus.”

ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: p. 134 BLM: Higher Order

1. A couple are pregnant with their second child and, during a routine ultrasound, the physician discovers that the fetus is anencephalic. The life expectancy of an anencephalic baby is only a few weeks after birth. The couple struggle with the choice of whether to terminate the pregnancy at this time or to carry to term. The couple decide to terminate the pregnancy. What stage of the ethical decision making process is this?

a.	determining desired outcomes
b.	evaluating outcomes of action
c.	identifying options
d.	acting on the choice

ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: p. 136 BLM: Higher Order

Chapter 7 – Legal Issues

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. What system of binding rules governs the behaviour of people in their relationships with others and with the government?

a.	ethics
b.	laws
c.	morals
d.	intentional tort

ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. 147 BLM: Remember

1. Which of the following best defines a set of rules and principles that describe the powers of a government and the rights of the people?

a.	constitutional law
b.	statutory law
c.	common law
d.	administrative law

ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: p. 150 BLM: Higher Order

1. What is the term used to define formal laws written and enacted by a federal or provincial legislature?

a.	statutory law
b.	constitutional law
c.	administrative law
d.	common law

ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: p. 151 BLM: Remember

1. Which of the following is an example of administrative law?

a.	the Regulated Health Professions Act, which defines the role of the nurse
b.	the roles of colleges of nursing, which enforce rules
c.	the way nurses collect and use personal health information
d.	the way to identify the difference between negligence and incompetence

ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. 151 BLM: Higher Order

1. Which of the following type of law best defines a person’s rights and obligations in relation to the government?

a.	common law
b.	misdemeanours
c.	constitutional law
d.	public law

ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: p. 154 BLM: Higher Order

1. What type of law would apply to nurses caught falsifying medical records to conceal their thefts of narcotics?

a.	administrative law
b.	common law
c.	criminal law
d.	constitutional law

ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: p. 154 BLM: Higher Order

1. Which of the following would apply to a nurse removing life support from a terminally ill patient without permission?

a.	legislative law
b.	indictable offence
c.	misdemeanour
d.	summary offence

ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. 155 BLM: Higher Order

1. Which of the following is an example of a summary offence?

a.	a nurse giving an injection without consent
b.	a nurse who unintentionally causes the death of a patient
c.	a nurse failing to provide competent care
d.	a nurse signing an employment contract

ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: p. 155 BLM: Higher Order

1. Which law deals with the rights and obligations between two or more people who make agreements that can be enforced by law?

a.	tort law
b.	public law
c.	contract law
d.	private law

ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: p. 155 BLM: Remember

1. What is the term for a wrong or injury that a person suffers because of someone else’s action, either intentional or unintentional?

a.	negligence
b.	tort
c.	private law
d.	breach

ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. 156 BLM: Remember

1. Which legal issue would a nurse failing to communicate new patient symptoms, complaints, or concerns to a doctor best exemplify?

a.	negligence
b.	unintentional tort
c.	malpractice
d.	common law

ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: p. 158 BLM: Higher Order

1. How are the majority of lawsuits against nurses and other health care professionals classified?

a.	as accidental claims
b.	as unintentional tort
c.	as civil law
d.	as indictable offences

ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. 156 BLM: Higher Order

1. Which of the following is a component of negligence?

a.	failing to fulfil the legal responsibility to obey laws
b.	failing to act to prevent foreseeable harm
c.	failing to protect personal information
d.	failing to keep patients free of interference

ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. 158 BLM: Higher Order

1. Which of the following best defines a wilful act that violates another person’s rights or property?

a.	intentional tort
b.	fraud
c.	assault
d.	battery

ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: p. 159 BLM: Higher Order

1. Which of the following legal issues would falsification of patient records to cover up an error be an example of?

a.	assault
b.	fraud
c.	battery
d.	intentional tort

ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. 160 BLM: Higher Order

1. What is the term for the unjustifiable attempt or threat to touch a person without consent that results in fear of immediately harmful or threatening contact?

a.	assault
b.	battery
c.	fraud
d.	malpractice

ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: p. 160 BLM: Remember

1. A nurse refuses to give a patient their clothing or car keys. What is this an example of?

a.	defamation
b.	libel
c.	false imprisonment
d.	slander

ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: p. 161 BLM: Higher Order

1. Which of the following terms would apply to an employer placing the label “Unwanted Persons” at the top of a hospital bulletin board and placing a photograph of a nurse on the bulletin board under the label?

a.	fraud
b.	defamation
c.	libel
d.	slander

ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. 161 BLM: Higher Order

1. Which of the following legal terms applies to speaking harmful and defamatory words?

a.	slander
b.	libel
c.	false imprisonment
d.	gossiping

ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: p. 162 BLM: Remember

1. Which of the following legal terms applies to defamation by written words or images?

a.	slander
b.	libel
c.	criminalization
d.	fraud

ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. 162 BLM: Remember

1. How can a nurse reduce the risk of malpractice litigation?

a.	by keeping up to date with knowledge and skills, and seeking attention for patients with changing health status
b.	by involving patients in decision making, documenting objectively, and avoiding physicians
c.	by keeping up to date with current knowledge, seeking physician attention for patients with changing health status, and challenging the patient
d.	by keeping up to date with current and outmoded knowledge, and providing patients with challenges

ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: p. 178 BLM: Higher Order

1. Which of the following terms is best defined as “acting in a heinous, reckless, or extreme way, and bringing about mental or psychological pain”?

a.	defamation of character
b.	intentional infliction of emotional distress
c.	invasion of privacy
d.	false imprisonment

ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. 178 BLM: Higher Order

1. In a jurisdiction where there is no specific legislation regarding consent, what elements are usually noted when defining a valid consent?

a.	There must be urgency in the decision-making process.
b.	There must be efficiency in the decision-making process.
c.	The patient must have capacity to consent.
d.	The patient must articulate a moral agency.

ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: p. 165 BLM: Higher Order

1. A pregnant woman admits herself to the hospital to give birth under the care of her obstetrician and gives permission for the obstetrician to examine her. What is this an example of?

a.	coercive consent
b.	explicit consent
c.	implied consent
d.	informed consent

ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. 165 BLM: Higher Order

1. Which of the following is characteristic when making nursing notes?

a.	being nonjudgmental
b.	having significant gaps
c.	falsifying facts and events
d.	maintaining confidentiality

ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: p. 173 BLM: Higher Order

1. In Canada, what federal privacy law imposes obligations on how federal government departments collect, manage, use, and share personal information?

a.	the Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act
b.	the Health Information Act
c.	the Privacy Act
d.	the Health Information Protection Act

ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: p. 175 BLM: Remember