Geosystems An Introduction to Physical Geography (10 th Edition By by Robert W. Christopherson A+

Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Geosystems: An Introduction to Physical Geography, 10e (Christopherson)
Chapter 6 Water and Atmospheric Moisture
1) Out of all the water present in the Earth systems, ________ is stored in the atmosphere.
A) less than 0.03%
B) approximately 2%
C) a variable amount, but averaging 50%
D) 15%
E) ~3% at the equator and ~1% at the poles
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 6.1 Water’s Unique Properties
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 6.1 Describe the heat properties of water, including the heat energy transferred during phase changes between solid, liquid, and gas.
2) The movement of water throughout the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere is known as the
A) biogeochemical cycle.
B) hydroflux.
C) capillary movement.
D) hydrologic cycle.
E) water flow.
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 6.1 Water’s Unique Properties
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 6.1 Describe the heat properties of water, including the heat energy transferred during phase changes between solid, liquid, and gas.
2
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
3) Water molecules bind tightly to one another. This is a result of
A) hydrogen gripping.
B) covalent bonding.
C) atomic friction.
D) molecular hold.
E) polarity.
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 6.1 Water’s Unique Properties
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 6.1 Describe the heat properties of water, including the heat energy transferred during phase changes between solid, liquid, and gas.
4) Which of the following best describing hydrogen bonding in water?
A) The positive hydrogen side of a water molecule attracts the negative oxygen side.
B) The positive oxygen side of a water molecule attracts the negative hydrogen side.
C) Nuclear fusion occurs between the ends of water molecules.
D) Water molecules experience a strong gravitational attraction to one another.
E) There is no hydrogen bonding in a water molecule.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 6.1 Water’s Unique Properties
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 6.1 Describe the heat properties of water, including the heat energy transferred during phase changes between solid, liquid, and gas.
5) The attraction of molecules for molecules of the same kind is called
A) covalent bonding.
B) adhesion.
C) polarity.
D) molecular hold.
E) cohesion.
Answer: E
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 6.1 Water’s Unique Properties
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 6.1 Describe the heat properties of water, including the heat energy transferred during phase changes between solid, liquid, and gas.
3
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
6) The hydrogen bonding in water creates ________, a cohesive force that enables one to slightly overfill a glass with water or allows denser objects, such as a lengthwise steel needle, to float on water.
A) capillary action
B) surface tension
C) heat exchange
D) friction
E) phase change
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 6.1 Water’s Unique Properties
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 6.1 Describe the heat properties of water, including the heat energy transferred during phase changes between solid, liquid, and gas.
7) A steel needle, though denser than water, can float lengthwise on a surface of water. This is possible due to
A) specific heat.
B) kinetic energy.
C) surface tension.
D) capillarity.
E) meniscus.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 6.1 Water’s Unique Properties
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 6.1 Describe the heat properties of water, including the heat energy transferred during phase changes between solid, liquid, and gas.
8) The attraction of molecules for molecules of the another kind is called
A) covalent bonding.
B) adhesion.
C) polarity.
D) molecular hold.
E) cohesion.
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 6.1 Water’s Unique Properties
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 6.1 Describe the heat properties of water, including the heat energy transferred during phase changes between solid, liquid, and gas.
4
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
9)
Water beads on a nasturtium leaf
Water forms beads on a leaf because
A) cohesion between the leaf and water molecules is greater than cohesion between water molecules.
B) cohesion and adhesion are equal causing water droplets to bunch together on the leaf.
C) the leaf contains a thin, waxy layer that repels the water molecules, which then adhere to one another.
D) the capillary action of water causes water molecules to form larger droplets.
E) cohesion between water molecules is strong than adhesion between the leaf and water molecules.
Answer: E
Diff: 2
Chapter/Section: 6.1 Water’s Unique Properties
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G3 Read and Interpret Graphs and Data.
LO: 6.1 Describe the heat properties of water, including the heat energy transferred during phase changes between solid, liquid, and gas.
5
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
10) The upward movement of water against gravity is called
A) adhesion.
B) surface tension.
C) capillary action.
D) vacuum suction.
E) cohesion.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 6.1 Water’s Unique Properties
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 6.1 Describe the heat properties of water, including the heat energy transferred during phase changes between solid, liquid, and gas.
11) The process partly responsible for pulling water from plant roots upward through the narrow, porous stem and into the plant body is
A) adhesion.
B) surface tension.
C) capillary action.
D) vacuum suction.
E) cohesion.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 6.1 Water’s Unique Properties
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 6.1 Describe the heat properties of water, including the heat energy transferred during phase changes between solid, liquid, and gas.
12) The ability of water to “climb” in a cylinder tube is an example of
A) barometric pressure.
B) surface tension.
C) capillary action.
D) vacuum suction.
E) adhesion.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 6.1 Water’s Unique Properties
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 6.1 Describe the heat properties of water, including the heat energy transferred during phase changes between solid, liquid, and gas.
6
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
13) ________ is amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 g of water at 15°C by 1 degree Celsius.
A) Adhesion
B) A calorie
C) Cohesion
D) Hydrogen bonding
E) Capillary action
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 6.1 Water’s Unique Properties
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 6.1 Describe the heat properties of water, including the heat energy transferred during phase changes between solid, liquid, and gas.
14) Which of the following phase changes of water is incorrectly matched?
A) deposition – gas to solid
B) vaporization – solid to gas
C) melting – solid to liquid
D) condensation – gas to liquid
E) sublimation – solid to gas
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 6.1 Water’s Unique Properties
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 6.1 Describe the heat properties of water, including the heat energy transferred during phase changes between solid, liquid, and gas.
15) Which of the following related to phase changes of water is incorrectly matched?
A) sublimation – energy absorbed
B) deposition – energy released
C) evaporation – energy released
D) melting – energy absorbed
E) condensation – energy released
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 6.1 Water’s Unique Properties
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 6.1 Describe the heat properties of water, including the heat energy transferred during phase changes between solid, liquid, and gas.
7
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
16) Which of the following is an example of deposition?
A) water freezing to ice
B) ice melting to water
C) water vapor condensing into liquid
D) water vapor freezing to ice
E) ice vaporization to a gas
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 6.1 Water’s Unique Properties
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 6.1 Describe the heat properties of water, including the heat energy transferred during phase changes between solid, liquid, and gas.
17) The process of sublimation would result in
A) liquid water.
B) water vapor.
C) frost.
D) ice.
E) snow.
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 6.1 Water’s Unique Properties
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 6.1 Describe the heat properties of water, including the heat energy transferred during phase changes between solid, liquid, and gas.
18) The heat energy involved in the change of state, or phase, in water is
A) mechanical heat.
B) sensible heat.
C) fusion heat.
D) latent heat.
E) kinetic energy.
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 6.1 Water’s Unique Properties
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 6.1 Describe the heat properties of water, including the heat energy transferred during phase changes between solid, liquid, and gas.
8
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
19) Below a temperature of 4°C (39°F), water ________ and its density ________.
A) contracts; increases
B) contracts; decreases
C) expands; increases
D) expands; decreases
E) remains in its liquid state until 0°C (32°F); is constant
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 6.1 Water’s Unique Properties
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 6.1 Describe the heat properties of water, including the heat energy transferred during phase changes between solid, liquid, and gas.
20) The density of pure ice is
A) 1.75 times greater than that of water.
B) 1.43 times greater than that of water.
C) 0.91 times less than that of water.
D) 0.45 times less than that of water.
E) the same as water.
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 6.1 Water’s Unique Properties
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 6.1 Describe the heat properties of water, including the heat energy transferred during phase changes between solid, liquid, and gas.
21) In winter, freezing water can break pipes and even crack engine blocks. Why does this happen?
A) Water expands in volume as it freezes.
B) Ice is denser than water.
C) Water contracts as it cools and freezes.
D) It occurs because of the latent heat of fusion.
E) Ice is impure and causes corrosion.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 6.1 Water’s Unique Properties
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 6.1 Describe the heat properties of water, including the heat energy transferred during phase changes between solid, liquid, and gas.
9
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
22)
Latent Energy absorbed and released during phase changes of water
Which of the following is true regarding the evaporation of water?
A) It requires the addition of 540 cal for each gram under normal sea level pressure.
B) It requires the loss of 540 cal for each gram under normal sea level pressure.
C) It requires the addition of 100 cal for each gram under normal sea level pressure.
D) It requires the loss of 100 cal for each gram under normal sea level pressure.
E) No latent energy is released or absorbed.
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Chapter/Section: 6.1 Water’s Unique Properties
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G3 Read and Interpret Graphs and Data.
LO: 6.1 Describe the heat properties of water, including the heat energy transferred during phase changes between solid, liquid, and gas.
23) Which of the following is true regarding the evaporation of water?
A) The phase change involves the latent heat of sublimation.
B) The phase change involves the latent heat of evaporation.
C) The phase change involves the latent heat of deposition.
D) The phase change involves the latent heat of condensation.
E) The phase change involves the latent heat of respiration.
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 6.1 Water’s Unique Properties
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 6.1 Describe the heat properties of water, including the heat energy transferred during phase changes between solid, liquid, and gas.
10
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
24)
Latent Energy absorbed and released during phase changes of water
The latent heat of melting and the latent heat of freezing involve the absorption or release of ________ calories per gram of water changing state.
A) 80
B) 100
C) 540
D) 585
E) 0
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Chapter/Section: 6.1 Water’s Unique Properties
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G3 Read and Interpret Graphs and Data.
LO: 6.1 Describe the heat properties of water, including the heat energy transferred during phase changes between solid, liquid, and gas.
25) When water condenses, it ________ heat energy and ________ the surrounding air.
A) absorbs; cools
B) absorbs heats
C) releases; cools
D) releases; heats
E) absorbs; has no impact on
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 6.1 Water’s Unique Properties
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 6.1 Describe the heat properties of water, including the heat energy transferred during phase changes between solid, liquid, and gas.
11
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
26) When water evaporates, it ________ heat energy and ________ the surrounding air.
A) absorbs; cools
B) absorbs heats
C) releases; cools
D) releases; heats
E) absorbs; has no impact on
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 6.1 Water’s Unique Properties
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 6.1 Describe the heat properties of water, including the heat energy transferred during phase changes between solid, liquid, and gas.
27) The point at which evaporation and condensation are in balance is
A) evaporation flux.
B) condensation equilibrium.
C) net condensation.
D) net evaporation.
E) saturation equilibrium.
Answer: E
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 6.1 Water’s Unique Properties
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 6.1 Describe the heat properties of water, including the heat energy transferred during phase changes between solid, liquid, and gas.
28) Water vapor in the atmosphere is called
A) water.
B) deposition.
C) sublimation.
D) humidity.
E) transpiration.
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 6.2 Humidity
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 6.2 Describe expressions of humidity: vapor pressure, specific humidity, relative humidity, and dew-point temperature.
12
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
29) The amount of water vapor that can be present in the air is primarily a function of the
A) density.
B) volume.
C) pressure.
D) temperature.
E) altitude.
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 6.2 Humidity
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 6.2 Describe expressions of humidity: vapor pressure, specific humidity, relative humidity, and dew-point temperature.
30) Which of the following is used to measure humidity?
A) aneroid barometer
B) hair hygrometer
C) anemometer
D) weather vane
E) thermometer
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 6.2 Humidity
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 6.2 Describe expressions of humidity: vapor pressure, specific humidity, relative humidity, and dew-point temperature.
31) The portion of air pressure exerted by water vapor is the
A) vapor pressure.
B) absolute humidity.
C) psychrometer.
D) dew point.
E) lifting condensation point.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 6.2 Humidity
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 6.2 Describe expressions of humidity: vapor pressure, specific humidity, relative humidity, and dew-point temperature.
13
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
32) As temperature increases, the amount of energy available for evaporation
A) increases.
B) decreases.
C) remains constant.
D) changes in a random, unpredictable manner.
E) Air temperature has no effect on evaporation.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 6.2 Humidity
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 6.2 Describe expressions of humidity: vapor pressure, specific humidity, relative humidity, and dew-point temperature.
33) A humidity measure that remains constant as temperature and pressure change, and which is expressed as a mass of water vapor (g) per mass of air (kg), is
A) specific humidity.
B) vapor pressure.
C) relative humidity.
D) the dew point.
E) absolute humidity.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 6.2 Humidity
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 6.2 Describe expressions of humidity: vapor pressure, specific humidity, relative humidity, and dew-point temperature.
14
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
34)
Saturation specific humidity at various temperatures. Saturation specific humidity is the maximum possible water vapor in a mass of water vapor per unit mass of air (g/kg).
As temperature increases, the saturation specific humidity
A) increases.
B) decreases.
C) remains constant.
D) changes in a random, unpredictable manner.
E) Air temperature has no effect on saturation specific humidity.
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Chapter/Section: 6.2 Humidity
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G3 Read and Interpret Graphs and Data.
LO: 6.2 Describe expressions of humidity: vapor pressure, specific humidity, relative humidity, and dew-point temperature.
15
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
35)
Saturation specific humidity at various temperatures. Saturation specific humidity is the maximum possible water vapor in a mass of water vapor per unit mass of air (g/kg).
If a kilogram of air at 20°C (68°F) has a specific humidity of 7.5 g/kg, the relative humidity is
A) 10%.
B) 25%.
C) 50%.
D) 75%.
E) 100%.
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Chapter/Section: 6.2 Humidity
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G3 Read and Interpret Graphs and Data.
LO: 6.2 Describe expressions of humidity: vapor pressure, specific humidity, relative humidity, and dew-point temperature.
16
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
36) Relative humidity is
A) the amount of water vapor in the air compared to the average amount.
B) the amount of moisture in the air relative to your one’s senses.
C) the amount of water vapor in the air relative to the water vapor capacity of the air.
D) the amount of water in the air per volume of air.
E) a basically unused concept when it comes to weather topics.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 6.2 Humidity
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 6.2 Describe expressions of humidity: vapor pressure, specific humidity, relative humidity, and dew-point temperature.
37) Assuming a Northern Hemisphere station, in which of the following months would the relative humidity likely be the highest?
A) January
B) March
C) July
D) September
E) December
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 6.2 Humidity
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 6.2 Describe expressions of humidity: vapor pressure, specific humidity, relative humidity, and dew-point temperature.
38) If the amount of water vapor in the air remained constant, but the air temperature increased throughout the day, the relative humidity would
A) increase.
B) decrease.
C) remain constant.
D) change in a random, unpredictable manner.
E) Air temperature has no effect on relative humidity.
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 6.2 Humidity
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 6.2 Describe expressions of humidity: vapor pressure, specific humidity, relative humidity, and dew-point temperature.
17
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
39) ________ occurs when the relative humidity is 100%.
A) Saturation
B) Evaporation
C) Sublimation
D) Deposition
E) Transpiration
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 6.2 Humidity
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 6.2 Describe expressions of humidity: vapor pressure, specific humidity, relative humidity, and dew-point temperature.
40) At saturation, the further addition of water vapor or a decrease in temperature results in
A) condensation.
B) evaporation.
C) freezing.
D) sublimation.
E) transpiration.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 6.2 Humidity
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 6.2 Describe expressions of humidity: vapor pressure, specific humidity, relative humidity, and dew-point temperature.
41) A mass of air always becomes saturated when it reaches the
A) highest temperature of the day.
B) lowest temperature of the day.
C) specific humidity point.
D) dew-point temperature.
E) average temperature of the day.
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 6.2 Humidity
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 6.2 Describe expressions of humidity: vapor pressure, specific humidity, relative humidity, and dew-point temperature.
18
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
42) When temperatures are below freezing, the temperature at which air becomes saturated leading to the formation of frost is the
A) dew point.
B) frost point.
C) absolute humidity.
D) relative humidity.
E) lifting condensation point.
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 6.2 Humidity
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 6.2 Describe expressions of humidity: vapor pressure, specific humidity, relative humidity, and dew-point temperature.
19
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
43)
Daily relative humidity patterns.
On a typical day, the point of highest relative humidity is associated with
A) the time of the highest temperature.
B) the time of the lowest temperature.
C) solar noon.
D) dusk.
E) sunrise.
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Chapter/Section: 6.2 Humidity
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G3 Read and Interpret Graphs and Data.
LO: 6.2 Describe expressions of humidity: vapor pressure, specific humidity, relative humidity, and dew-point temperature.
20
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
44)
Daily relative humidity patterns
On a typical day, the point of lowest relative humidity is associated with
A) the time of the highest temperature.
B) the time of the lowest temperature.
C) solar noon.
D) dusk.
E) sunrise.
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Chapter/Section: 6.2 Humidity
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G3 Read and Interpret Graphs and Data.
LO: 6.2 Describe expressions of humidity: vapor pressure, specific humidity, relative humidity, and dew-point temperature.
21
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
45) Which of the following normally would be true of the humidity above the hot, moist, tropical rain forests of the world?
A) The specific humidity would be low.
B) The relative humidity would be high.
C) The relative humidity would always equal the specific humidity.
D) The saturation vapor pressure would be low.
E) It is not possible to know with this information alone.
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Chapter/Section: 6.2 Humidity
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 6.2 Describe expressions of humidity: vapor pressure, specific humidity, relative humidity, and dew-point temperature.
46) Which of the following would be true of the humidity above the hot, dry, subtropical deserts of the world during the daytime?
A) The specific humidity would be low.
B) The relative humidity would be high.
C) The relative humidity would always equal the specific humidity.
D) The saturation vapor pressure would be low.
E) It is not possible to know with this information alone.
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Chapter/Section: 6.2 Humidity
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 6.2 Describe expressions of humidity: vapor pressure, specific humidity, relative humidity, and dew-point temperature.
47) A pocket of air that has specific temperature and humidity characteristics is termed a(n)
A) adiabatic.
B) packet.
C) front.
D) buoy.
E) parcel.
Answer: E
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 6.3 Atmospheric Stability
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 6.3 Explain adiabatic lapse rates and discuss unstable, conditionally unstable, and stable atmospheric conditions.
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Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
48) The general term that refers to the tendency of a parcel of air to either remain in place or change its initial position is
A) adiabatic.
B) stability.
C) conditional instability.
D) stasis.
E) buoyancy.
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 6.3 Atmospheric Stability
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 6.3 Explain adiabatic lapse rates and discuss unstable, conditionally unstable, and stable atmospheric conditions.
49) An air parcel is considered unstable when it
A) either remains as it is, or changes its initial position.
B) continues to rise until it reaches an altitude at which the surrounding air has a similar temperature.
C) resists displacement upward.
D) ceases to ascend.
E) ceases to descend.
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 6.3 Atmospheric Stability
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 6.3 Explain adiabatic lapse rates and discuss unstable, conditionally unstable, and stable atmospheric conditions.
50) The two opposing forces determining the vertical position of a parcel of air are
A) buoyant force and gravitational force.
B) centrifugal force and Coriolis force.
C) Coriolis force and buoyant force.
D) gravitational force and pressure gradient force.
E) pressure gradient force and buoyant force.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 6.3 Atmospheric Stability
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 6.3 Explain adiabatic lapse rates and discuss unstable, conditionally unstable, and stable atmospheric conditions.
23
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
51) Which of the following is correctly matched?
A) normal lapse rate-3.5 C°/1,000 m
B) environmental lapse rate-6.4 C°/1000 m
C) dry adiabatic rate-10 C°/1000 m
D) moist adiabatic lapse rate-15 C°/1000 m
E) experimental lapse rate-7.2 C°/1000 m
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 6.3 Atmospheric Stability
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 6.3 Explain adiabatic lapse rates and discuss unstable, conditionally unstable, and stable atmospheric conditions.
52) Air that is not saturated will cool or heat at a rate of ________ as it rises or descends, respectively.
A) 10 C° per 1000 m (5.5 F° per 1000 ft.)
B) 6 C° per 1000 m (3.3 F° per 1000 ft.)
C) 6.4 C° per 1000 m (3.5 F° per 1000 ft.)
D) 20 C° per 1000 m (11.97 F° per 1000 ft.)
E) 4.5 C° per 1000 m (2.5 F° per 1000 ft.)
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 6.3 Atmospheric Stability
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 6.3 Explain adiabatic lapse rates and discuss unstable, conditionally unstable, and stable atmospheric conditions.
53) The dry adiabatic rate (DAR) is
A) 6 C° per 1000 m (3.3 F° per 1000 ft.).
B) 4.5 C° per 1000 m (2.5 F° per 1000 ft.).
C) the rate used for a saturated parcel of air.
D) a term that refers to the temperature decrease in the still, calm air that surrounds a moving air parcel.
E) 10 C° per 1000 m (5.5 F° per 1000 ft.).
Answer: E
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 6.3 Atmospheric Stability
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 6.3 Explain adiabatic lapse rates and discuss unstable, conditionally unstable, and stable atmospheric conditions.
24
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
54) The difference between the dry adiabatic rate and the moist adiabatic rate is on account of
A) the latent heat of condensation.
B) less atmospheric pressure.
C) altitudinal temperature differences.
D) the specific heat of water.
E) buoyance of a parcel of air.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 6.3 Atmospheric Stability
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 6.3 Explain adiabatic lapse rates and discuss unstable, conditionally unstable, and stable atmospheric conditions.
55) The wet adiabatic rate is ________ than the dry adiabatic rate because ________.
A) greater; condensation heats the air
B) greater; condensation cools the air
C) less; condensation heats the air
D) less; condensation cools the air
E) same as; no phase change of water occurs
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 6.3 Atmospheric Stability
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 6.3 Explain adiabatic lapse rates and discuss unstable, conditionally unstable, and stable atmospheric conditions.
56) The point where saturation begins in a rising air parcel is
A) the dry adiabatic rate.
B) the moist adiabatic rate.
C) the lifting condensation level.
D) cloud condensation nuclei.
E) latent heat of condensation.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 6.3 Atmospheric Stability
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 6.3 Explain adiabatic lapse rates and discuss unstable, conditionally unstable, and stable atmospheric conditions.
25
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
57) If you visited Mount Shasta City (elevation 900 m [3000 ft.]) and found the outside air temperature to be 27°C (81°F), what would be the air temperature at the summit of Mount Shasta (elevation 4200 m [14,000 ft.]) at that moment-assuming that the temperature conditions with altitude change at an average, or normal, lapse rate?
A) 2°C (35.6°F)
B) 48°C (118.4°F)
C) 5.9°C (42.5°F)
D) 10°C (39.2°F)
E) 8.6°C (22.4°F)
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Chapter/Section: 6.3 Atmospheric Stability
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 6.3 Explain adiabatic lapse rates and discuss unstable, conditionally unstable, and stable atmospheric conditions.
58) Assume a warm air parcel, at sea level, has a temperature of 21°C (70°F) and begins to rise upward. Assume it becomes saturated at 1000 m (3300 ft) altitude, and continues to rise to 2000 m (6600 ft.) altitude. What would the approximate temperature of the parcel be at an elevation of 2000 m (6600 ft.)?
A) 1°C (44.6°F)
B) 5°C (46.4°F)
C) 8.2°C (48.2°F)
D) 9°C (41.°F)
E) 8.6°C (22.4°F)
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Chapter/Section: 6.3 Atmospheric Stability
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 6.3 Explain adiabatic lapse rates and discuss unstable, conditionally unstable, and stable atmospheric conditions.
26
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
59) A parcel of air, with less than 100% relative humidity, that is rising because of heat energy derived from the surface is
A) stable.
B) unstable.
C) conditionally unstable.
D) moderately stable.
E) conditionally stable.
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 6.3 Atmospheric Stability
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 6.3 Explain adiabatic lapse rates and discuss unstable, conditionally unstable, and stable atmospheric conditions.
60) When stable air is forced to lift as it passes over a mountain range, the air may become saturated and condensation may occur. In this case, the air is
A) stable.
B) unstable.
C) conditionally unstable.
D) moderately stable.
E) conditionally stable.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 6.3 Atmospheric Stability
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 6.3 Explain adiabatic lapse rates and discuss unstable, conditionally unstable, and stable atmospheric conditions.
27
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
61)
Stability—three examples. Specific examples of (a) unstable, (b) conditionally unstable, and (c) stable conditions in the lower atmosphere. Note the response to these three conditions in the air parcel on the right side of each diagram.
28
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
When the environmental lapse rate is between the dry and moist adiabatic lapse rates, conditions are described as
A) adiabatic.
B) stability.
C) conditionally unstable.
D) unstable.
E) conditionally stable.
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Chapter/Section: 6.3 Atmospheric Stability
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G3 Read and Interpret Graphs and Data.
LO: 6.3 Explain adiabatic lapse rates and discuss unstable, conditionally unstable, and stable atmospheric conditions.
62) A cloud is best described as a(n)
A) suspended raindrops that have not yet fallen under the force of gravity.
B) aggregated condensation nuclei.
C) visible aggregation of tiny moisture droplets and ice crystals suspended in the air.
D) uniform featureless smoke lighter than the force of gravity.
E) semi-ordered condensation nuclei and ice crystals.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 6.4 Clouds and Fog
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 6.4 Identify the requirements for cloud formation and explain the major cloud types, including fog.
63) The condensation process requires
A) dew-point temperatures alone.
B) condensation nuclei and saturated air.
C) moisture droplets.
D) condensation nuclei alone.
E) latent heat of sublimation.
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 6.4 Clouds and Fog
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 6.4 Identify the requirements for cloud formation and explain the major cloud types, including fog.
29
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
64) Which of the following is true regarding condensation nuclei?
A) Maritime air masses generally possess more nuclei per cubic meter than continental air masses.
B) Condensation nuclei are rare in urban environments.
C) Continental air masses average about a billion nuclei per cubic meter.
D) Continental air masses contain more than 10 times the condensation nuclei of maritime air masses.
E) The difference in condensation nuclei between maritime and continental locations is not discernible.
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 6.4 Clouds and Fog
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 6.4 Identify the requirements for cloud formation and explain the major cloud types, including fog.
65) Condensation nuclei over the ocean consist primarily of
A) pieces of coral.
B) minute fragments of sea shells.
C) salt particles.
D) clay particles.
E) soot.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 6.4 Clouds and Fog
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 6.4 Identify the requirements for cloud formation and explain the major cloud types, including fog.
66) Flat and layered clouds with horizontal development are classed as
A) cumuliform.
B) cirroform.
C) stratiform.
D) stratocumuliform.
E) nimbocirroform.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 6.4 Clouds and Fog
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 6.4 Identify the requirements for cloud formation and explain the major cloud types, including fog.
30
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
67) Vertically developed puffy and globular clouds are classed as
A) cumuliform.
B) cirroform.
C) stratiform
D) stratocumuliform.
E) nimbocirroform.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 6.4 Clouds and Fog
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 6.4 Identify the requirements for cloud formation and explain the major cloud types, including fog.
68) High altitude wispy clouds made of ice crystals are classed as
A) cumuliform.
B) cirroform.
C) stratiform.
D) stratocumuliform.
E) nimbocirroform.
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 6.4 Clouds and Fog
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 6.4 Identify the requirements for cloud formation and explain the major cloud types, including fog.
69) Which of the following are correctly matched?
A) flat or layered clouds – stratocumuliform
B) puffy or globular clouds – cirroform
C) puffy or globular clouds – cumuliform
D) high altitude wispy cloud – stratiform
E) wispy clouds – water droplets
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 6.4 Clouds and Fog
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 6.4 Identify the requirements for cloud formation and explain the major cloud types, including fog.
31
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
70) Clouds that have vertical development and produce thunderstorms are called
A) stratocumulus.
B) cumulonimbus.
C) nimbostratus.
D) cumulus.
E) cirrostratus.
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 6.4 Clouds and Fog
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 6.4 Identify the requirements for cloud formation and explain the major cloud types, including fog.
71) Which of the following is a high altitude cloud?
A) stratus
B) cirrus
C) altocumulus
D) cumulus
E) nimbostratus
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 6.4 Clouds and Fog
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 6.4 Identify the requirements for cloud formation and explain the major cloud types, including fog.
72) Which of the following is a middle-level cloud type?
A) cirrostratus
B) stratocumulus
C) cumulonimbus
D) altostratus
E) stratus
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 6.4 Clouds and Fog
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 6.4 Identify the requirements for cloud formation and explain the major cloud types, including fog.
32
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
73) Which of the following cloud type is associated with rain?
A) stratocumulus
B) cirrostratus
C) cirrus
D) cumulonimbus
E) lenticular
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 6.4 Clouds and Fog
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 6.4 Identify the requirements for cloud formation and explain the major cloud types, including fog.
74) Which cloud type can indicate an oncoming storm, especially if they thicken and lower in elevation?
A) altostratus
B) cumulus
C) stratocumulus
D) cirrus
E) lenticular
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 6.4 Clouds and Fog
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 6.4 Identify the requirements for cloud formation and explain the major cloud types, including fog.
75) A stratus cloud that produces precipitation is known as
A) cirrostratus.
B) stratocumulus.
C) nimbostratus.
D) altostratus.
E) stratus
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 6.4 Clouds and Fog
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 6.4 Identify the requirements for cloud formation and explain the major cloud types, including fog.
33
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
76) What type of cloud that has a thin wispy appearance, consists of ice crystals, and often precedes a warm front?
A) cirrus
B) stratocumulus
C) cumulonimbus
D) altostratus
E) nimbostratus
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 6.4 Clouds and Fog
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 6.4 Identify the requirements for cloud formation and explain the major cloud types, including fog.
77) Which of the following is true regarding cirrostratus clouds?
A) They are uniform, featureless, and grey like high fog.
B) The Sun’s outline is just visible through these clouds.
C) They form a veil of ice crystals that creates a halo around the Moon or Sun.
D) They are sharply outlined, and billowy.
E) They are high altitude clouds with a puffy appearance.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 6.4 Clouds and Fog
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 6.4 Identify the requirements for cloud formation and explain the major cloud types, including fog.
78) A thunderstorm is associated with ________ clouds.
A) cirrostratus
B) stratocumulus
C) cumulonimbus
D) altostratus
E) lenticular
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 6.4 Clouds and Fog
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 6.4 Identify the requirements for cloud formation and explain the major cloud types, including fog.
34
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
79) Which type of cloud would dominate the weather in a region under the ITCZ?
A) cirrus
B) altostratus
C) cumulonimbus
D) cirrocumulus
E) altocumulus
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 6.4 Clouds and Fog
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 6.4 Identify the requirements for cloud formation and explain the major cloud types, including fog.
80) The prefix nimbo- and the suffix -nimbus mean
A) that clouds are generally forming.
B) clouds that occur in the middle altitudes (2000-6000 m).
C) that clouds are generally dissipating.
D) that the clouds are producing precipitation.
E) clouds with strong vertical development.
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 6.4 Clouds and Fog
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 6.4 Identify the requirements for cloud formation and explain the major cloud types, including fog.
81) Cooling of a surface overnight that chills the air layer directly above that surface may form
A) an advection fog.
B) an upslope fog.
C) an evaporation fog.
D) sea smoke.
E) a radiation fog.
Answer: E
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 6.4 Clouds and Fog
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 6.4 Identify the requirements for cloud formation and explain the major cloud types, including fog.
35
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
82) A fog that develops when warm, moist air blows over a cold current (such as the California Current) is an example of ________ fog.
A) radiation
B) convection
C) advection
D) evaporation
E) upslope
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 6.4 Clouds and Fog
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 6.4 Identify the requirements for cloud formation and explain the major cloud types, including fog.
83) On cool spring mornings, veils of fog can often be seen rising above warm lakes and ponds. This type fog is an example of ________ fog.
A) radiation
B) convection
C) advection
D) valley
E) evaporation
Answer: E
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 6.4 Clouds and Fog
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 6.4 Identify the requirements for cloud formation and explain the major cloud types, including fog.
84) Sea smoke refers to
A) smoke plume caused by undersea volcanoes.
B) air pollution over oceans caused by ships.
C) fog that moves from a bay inland.
D) evaporation fog at sea.
E) upslope fog on coasts of mountain islands.
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 6.4 Clouds and Fog
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 6.4 Identify the requirements for cloud formation and explain the major cloud types, including fog.
36
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
85) Which of the following is incorrect?
A) fog – a stratus cloud that is high in elevation off the ground
B) cumulus cloud – vertically developed cloud
C) precipitation – rain, sleet, snow, hail
D) cloud droplets – condensation nuclei and water
E) collision-coalescence – one of two mechanisms for raindrop formation
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 6.4 Clouds and Fog
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 6.4 Identify the requirements for cloud formation and explain the major cloud types, including fog.
86) The primary mechanisms to form precipitation are the
A) Findeisen and Wegener processes.
B) collision-coalescence and Bergeron processes.
C) Bergeron and Wegener processes.
D) collision-coalescence process only.
E) Bergeron process only.
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 6.5 Precipitation
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 6.5 Describe the processes that form precipitation in the atmosphere and list.
87) In warm clouds the ________ process is the primary mechanism by which precipitations forms, while in cold clouds the ________ process is the primary mechanism by which precipitation forms.
A) collision-coalescence; Bergeron
B) Bergeron processes; collision-coalescence
C) Wegener; collision-coalescence
D) collision-coalescence; Findeisen
E) Bergeron; Findeisen
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 6.5 Precipitation
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 6.5 Describe the processes that form precipitation in the atmosphere and list.
37
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
88) An average raindrop consists of approximately ________ moisture droplets.
A) 20
B) 2000
C) 500,000
D) 1 million
E) 1 trillion
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 6.5 Precipitation
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 6.5 Describe the processes that form precipitation in the atmosphere and list.
89) ________ is the process whereby supercooled water droplets freeze onto ice crystals.
A) Collision-coalescence
B) Bergering
C) Graupeling
D) Aggregation
E) Riming
Answer: E
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 6.5 Precipitation
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 6.5 Describe the processes that form precipitation in the atmosphere and list.
90) The precipitation in form of liquid water droplets that forms by condensation or by melting ice crystals as they pass through a warm layer of the atmosphere is
A) rain.
B) snow.
C) sleet.
D) frost.
E) hail.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 6.5 Precipitation
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 6.5 Describe the processes that form precipitation in the atmosphere and list.
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91) Raindrops that fall through a thick, subfreezing layer of air near the ground form ice pellets known as
A) rain.
B) snow.
C) sleet.
D) frost.
E) hail.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 6.5 Precipitation
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 6.5 Describe the processes that form precipitation in the atmosphere and list.
92) Ice pellets larger than 0.5 cm (0.20 in) that form within a cumulonimbus cloud are known as
A) rain.
B) snow.
C) sleet.
D) frost.
E) hail.
Answer: E
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 6.5 Precipitation
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 6.5 Describe the processes that form precipitation in the atmosphere and list.
93) Which of the following illustrates how humans are using fog as a resource?
A) Electronic freeway signs in California’s central valley warn of fog hazards.
B) Gliders utilize winds from morning glory clouds for recreational purposes.
C) Residents in the Atacama Desert in Chile use nets to intercept advection fog.
D) Sand beetles harvest moisture from fog in the Namib Desert.
E) Rising global temperatures increase atmospheric water vapor, which can increase fog cover.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 6.6 The Human Denominator
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N15 How physical systems affect human systems.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 6.5 Describe the processes that form precipitation in the atmosphere and list.
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Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
94) List several of water’s unique properties.
Answer: Water naturally occurs in all three states on the Earth; the covalent bonds of hydrogen and oxygen are difficult to separate; the nature of the hydrogen-oxygen bond gives the hydrogen side of water molecule a positive charge and the oxygen side a negative charge. This polarity results in water molecules attracting to one another (cohesion). Water also attaches to other substances (adhesion). Water is also able to dissolve many substances. Water has high surface tension and capillarity. When water cools, it contracts and increases in density until it reaches 4°C (39°F), below which it expands and becomes less dense.
Diff: 3
Chapter/Section: 6.1 Water’s Unique Properties
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G3 Read and Interpret Graphs and Data.
LO: 6.5 Describe the processes that form precipitation in the atmosphere and list.
95) Describe water’s phase changes and the latent energy associated with each.
Answer: Solids to gas-sublimation, energy absorbed; gas to solid-deposition, energy released; liquid to gas-evaporation, energy absorbed; gas to liquid-condensation, energy released; liquid to solids-freezing, energy released; solid to liquid-melting, energy absorbed.
Diff: 3
Chapter/Section: 6.1 Water’s Unique Properties
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G3 Read and Interpret Graphs and Data.
LO: 6.1 Describe the heat properties of water, including the heat energy transferred during phase changes between solid, liquid, and gas.
96) Define and distinguish between relative humidity and specific humidity.
Answer: Both specific humidity and relative humidity are measures of the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere. Relative humidity is the ratio between the amount of water vapor in the air to the maximum water vapor possible in the air at the given temperature. It is expressed as a percentage. Relative humidity varies because of water vapor or temperature changes in the air. Specific humidity is a measure of the mass of water vapor (g) per mass of air (kg). Because specific humidity is a mass, it is not affected by changes in temperature and pressure. The maximum mass of water vapor possible in a kg of air at a specified temperature is the maximum specific humidity. To convert from specific humidity to relative humidity, divide the specific humidity by the maximum specific humidity and multiply by 100.
Diff: 3
Chapter/Section: 6.2 Humidity
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G3 Read and Interpret Graphs and Data.
LO: 6.2 Describe expressions of humidity: vapor pressure, specific humidity, relative humidity, and dew-point temperature.
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Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
97) What is atmospheric stability? What are adiabatic processes and how they are related to atmospheric stability?
Answer: Stability is the tendency of an air parcel to either remain in place or to change vertical position by ascending or descending. An air parcel is stable if it resists displacement or returns to its starting place after disturbance. The stability of an air parcel depends on the temperature inside the parcel and the temperature of the surrounding air. As air ascends, it is cooled by expansion and as it descends, it is heated by compression. These cooling and heating mechanisms are adiabatic, that is occurring without a loss of gain of heat (heat exchange between the surrounding environment and the ascending or descending parcel).
Diff: 3
Chapter/Section: 6.3 Atmospheric Stability
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G3 Read and Interpret Graphs and Data.
LO: 6.3 Explain adiabatic lapse rates and discuss unstable, conditionally unstable, and stable atmospheric conditions.
98) Compare and contrast the normal lapse rate, environmental lapse rate, the dry adiabatic rate, and the moist adiabatic rate.
Answer: The normal lapse rate is the average decrease in temperature with increasing altitude, a value of 6.4 C°/1000 m (3.5 F°/1000 ft.). However, the actual rate can vary greatly in space and time. The environmental lapse rate (ELR) is the actual lapse rate at a particular place at a particular time. The rate at which dry (i.e., not saturated) air cools by expansion as it rises, an average value of 10 C°/1000 m (5.5 F°/1000 ft.). The moist adiabatic rate, the rate at which a saturated air parcel cools as it rises, has an average value of 6 C°/1000 m (3.3 F°/1000 ft.). These adiabatic rates also apply to the warming of descending air.
Diff: 3
Chapter/Section: 6.3 Atmospheric Stability
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G3 Read and Interpret Graphs and Data.
LO: 6.3 Explain adiabatic lapse rates and discuss unstable, conditionally unstable, and stable atmospheric conditions.
99) List and describe the cloud classes and their associated cloud types, along with a discussion of the type of weather associated with each.
Answer: Briefly, Low clouds: stratus, stratocumulus, and nimbostratus; middle clouds: altostratus and altocumulus; high clouds: cirrus, cirrostratus, and cirrocumulus; and vertically developed clouds: cumulus and cumulonimbus.
Diff: 3
Chapter/Section: 6.4 Clouds and Fog
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G3 Read and Interpret Graphs and Data.
LO: 6.4 Identify the requirements for cloud formation and explain the major cloud types, including fog.
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Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
100) Describe the formative characteristics of advection fogs, valley fog, evaporation fog, and radiation fog along with their usual locations.
Answer: Fog is a cloud layer on the group with visibility restricted to less than 1 km (3,300 ft). Radiation fog results when radiative cooling of the surface chills the air directly above the surface to the dew-point temperature. Advection fog occurs when air in one place migrates to another place where the conditions are right for saturation, for instance, when warm, moist air moves over a cooler ocean current. Valley fog is a type of advection fog, which results from cooler air settling in low-lying areas. Similarly, upslope fog forms as moist air is lifted due to topography and, as a result, adiabatically cools. Evaporation fog forms when cold air lies over a warm water body and water molecules evaporate from the water surface into the cold, overlying air.
Diff: 3
Chapter/Section: 6.4 Clouds and Fog
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G3 Read and Interpret Graphs and Data.
LO: 6.4 Identify the requirements for cloud formation and explain the major cloud types, including fog.
101) Discuss how humans are affected by atmospheric water vapor and how humans can affect atmospheric water vapor.
Answer: Atmospheric water drives weather systems and influences the Earth’s energy balance; humidity can affect human comfort levels; atmospheric moisture is a potential water resource; atmospheric moisture in the form of fog can be a driving or shipping hazard. Water vapor is also a greenhouse gas and human actions can increase or decrease the amount of atmospheric water vapor in an area.
Diff: 3
Chapter/Section: 6.6 The Human Denominator
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating
Geo Standard: N15 How physical systems affect human systems.
Global Sci. LO: G3 Read and Interpret Graphs and Data.
LO: 6.4 Identify the requirements for cloud formation and explain the major cloud types, including fog.

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Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Geosystems: An Introduction to Physical Geography, 10e (Christopherson)
Chapter 7 Weather
1) The scientific study of the short-term condition of the atmosphere is
A) weather.
B) climate.
C) meteorology.
D) geography.
E) climatology.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 7.1 Air Masses
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 7.1 Describe the characteristics of air masses that affect North America.
2) Weather is
A) the climate of a region.
B) the short-term condition of the atmosphere.
C) the long-term atmospheric condition, including extremes that may occur.
D) a reference to temperature patterns only.
E) a classification to describe the average temperature and precipitation of an area.
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 7.1 Air Masses
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 7.1 Describe the characteristics of air masses that affect North America.
3) Climate is
A) the weather of a region at a given time.
B) the short-term condition of the atmosphere.
C) the long-term average atmospheric condition, including extremes that may occur.
D) a reference to temperature patterns only.
E) a classification to describe the precipitation patterns of a region over a period of weeks to months.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 7.1 Air Masses
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 7.1 Describe the characteristics of air masses that affect North America.
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Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
4) A(n)________ is a homogenous volume of air defined based on its temperature, and moisture characteristics.
A) cyclone
B) air mass
C) front
D) parcel
E) cloud
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 7.1 Air Masses
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 7.1 Describe the characteristics of air masses that affect North America.
5) Which of the following is false regarding air masses?
A) An air mass initially reflects the characteristics of its source region.
B) They are homogenous in terms of temperature and humidity.
C) They may dominate half the depth of the troposphere.
D) Air masses interact to create weather patterns.
E) Air masses maintain their original characteristics as they migrate from their source regions.
Answer: E
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 7.1 Air Masses
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 7.1 Describe the characteristics of air masses that affect North America.
6) Capital letters in air mass names reflect the ________ characteristics of the air mass
A) moisture
B) relative humidity
C) temperature
D) wind
E) cloud
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 7.1 Air Masses
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 7.1 Describe the characteristics of air masses that affect North America.
3
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
7) Which is incorrectly matched?
A) cP-cold, dense air
B) mP-warm, moist, stable conditions
C) mT-warm, humid, variable stability depending on source region
D) cA-very cold, very dry, stable
E) AA-antarctic.
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 7.1 Air Masses
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 7.1 Describe the characteristics of air masses that affect North America.
8) Air masses which develop over Canada are examples of ________ air masses.
A) mT
B) mP
C) cT
D) A
E) cP
Answer: E
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 7.1 Air Masses
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 7.1 Describe the characteristics of air masses that affect North America.
9) Given a cP air mass and cT air mass with the same relative humidity, which air mass would have higher specific humidity?
A) The cP air mass would have the higher specific humidity.
B) The cT air mass would have the higher specific humidity.
C) The specific humidity of both would be the same because their relative humidities are the same.
D) It is impossible to say what would usually be true of their specific humidities.
E) Specific humidity is not a relevant measure of air masses.
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 7.1 Air Masses
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 7.1 Describe the characteristics of air masses that affect North America.
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Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
10) Which of the following characteristics is not associated with a well-developed newly formed cP air mass?
A) cold temperatures
B) clear skies
C) high pressure
D) formation in the Southern Hemisphere
E) anticyclonic wind flow
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 7.1 Air Masses
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 7.1 Describe the characteristics of air masses that affect North America.
11) Which of the following pressure systems reside within the source region for mP air masses?
A) Bermuda high and Pacific high
B) Aleutian low and Icelandic low
C) Bermuda high and Icelandic low
D) Aleutian low and Pacific high
E) Icelandic low and Bermuda high
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 7.1 Air Masses
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 7.1 Describe the characteristics of air masses that affect North America.
12) The maritime tropical Pacific (mT) and maritime tropical Gulf and Atlantic (mT) air masses are
A) different from one another because the Pacific air mass usually has lower specific humidity than the Gulf/Atlantic air mass.
B) both usually extremely unstable.
C) very different because the Pacific air mass is very unstable and the Gulf/Atlantic air mass is usually stable.
D) both less active during summer months.
E) similar in that neither occur during the Northern Hemisphere winter.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 7.1 Air Masses
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 7.1 Describe the characteristics of air masses that affect North America.
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Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
13) A mT air mass is likely to be ________ than a cT air mass because the mT air mass ________.
A) wetter; is warmer than the cT air mass
B) wetter; forms over the ocean
C) drier; is a cold air mass
D) drier; forms under the equatorial low
E) hotter; forms over the ocean
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 7.1 Air Masses
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 7.1 Describe the characteristics of air masses that affect North America.
14) Which of the following would not result in the modification of the air mass?
A) A mT air mass moving across Texas
B) A cP air mass moving across the Great Lakes
C) A cT air mass moving across the Gulf of Mexico
D) A cA air mass moving across the Gulf of Alaska
E) A cP air mass remaining stationary over central Canada
Answer: E
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 7.1 Air Masses
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 7.1 Describe the characteristics of air masses that affect North America.
15) When a cold cP air mass passes over the warmer Great Lakes, it absorbs heat energy and moisture and becomes humidified. This is known as the
A) continental effect.
B) maritime effect.
C) humidity effect.
D) lake effect.
E) Michigan effect.
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 7.1 Air Masses
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 7.1 Describe the characteristics of air masses that affect North America.
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Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
16) Air flowing from different directions to an area of low pressure, coming together, and being displaced upward is an example of ________ lifting.
A) convergent
B) convectional
C) orographic
D) frontal
E) radiative
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 7.1 Air Masses
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 7.2 Identify and describe four types of atmospheric lifting mechanisms.
17) Air rising as a result of being stimulated by local surface heating is an example of ________ lifting.
A) convergent
B) convectional
C) orographic
D) frontal
E) upslope
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 7.1 Air Masses
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 7.2 Identify and describe four types of atmospheric lifting mechanisms.
18) Air rising forcibly lifted upslope when it meets a topographic barrier such as a mountain is an example of ________ lifting.
A) convergent
B) convectional
C) orographic
D) frontal
E) advective
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 7.1 Air Masses
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 7.2 Identify and describe four types of atmospheric lifting mechanisms.
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Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
19) The term “orographic” refers to
A) convection stimulated principally by local heating.
B) lifting along the edges of conflicting air masses.
C) air mass modification and the formation of secondary air masses.
D) forced uplift due to the presence of a physical barrier.
E) vertical lifting due to converging air masses.
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 7.1 Air Masses
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 7.2 Identify and describe four types of atmospheric lifting mechanisms.
20) The dry leeward side of a mountain is often termed a(n)
A) rain shadow.
B) chinook.
C) front.
D) orogeny.
E) straight line.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 7.1 Air Masses
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 7.2 Identify and describe four types of atmospheric lifting mechanisms.
21) The wetter, intercepting slope of a mountain is termed the ________ slope, whereas the drier, downwind slope is termed the ________ slope.
A) left side; right side
B) west side; east side
C) windward; leeward
D) leeward; windward
E) wet front; dry front
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 7.1 Air Masses
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 7.2 Identify and describe four types of atmospheric lifting mechanisms.
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Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
22) The term “rain shadow” refers to
A) periods of time during which there is a lack of rainfall.
B) dry regions on the leeward side of mountain ranges.
C) windward slopes of mountains.
D) wet areas on the downwind sides of mountains.
E) high cloud cover areas due to convectional rainstorms.
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 7.1 Air Masses
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 7.2 Identify and describe four types of atmospheric lifting mechanisms.
9
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
23)
Orographic patterns in Washington State. Four stations in Washington provide examples of orographic effects: windward precipitation and leeward rain shadows. Isohyets (isolines of equal precipitation amounts) on the map indicate rainfall (in inches). Note each station on the landscape profile at bottom.
In the state of Washington, the western portion of the state receives far more rainfall than the eastern portion of the state. What accounts for this stark contrast?
A) The western portion of the state sees a great deal of frontal lifting, while the eastern portion is under a high pressure cell.
B) The western portion of the state experiences orographic precipitation, while the eastern portion is in the rain shadow.
C) The western portion of the state has much more moderate temperatures due to the maritime effect and, therefore, experiences convectional uplift, while the eastern portion is governed by continentality.
D) The western portion of the state is under the ITCZ during the summer and experiences convergent uplift, while the eastern portion is under the Azores High and experiences subsiding air.
E) The western portion of the state experiences year-round convective rainstorms, whereas the eastern portion does not.
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Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Chapter/Section: 7.1 Air Masses
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G3 Read and Interpret Graphs and Data.
LO: 7.2 Identify and describe four types of atmospheric lifting mechanisms.
24) The highest rainfall in the world occurs in an area whose rainfall is generated by
A) advectional cooling of air masses over cold ocean currents.
B) orographic uplift of warm, moist air.
C) convectional uplift of warm, moist air.
D) radiative cooling of cold, moist air.
E) warm fronts.
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 7.1 Air Masses
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 7.2 Identify and describe four types of atmospheric lifting mechanisms.
25) The record precipitation received in a single year was
A) in the United States.
B) in the Amazon in Brazil.
C) in the Assam Hills in India, south of the Himalayas.
D) in Southeast Asia.
E) in the Atacama Region in South America.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 7.1 Air Masses
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 7.2 Identify and describe four types of atmospheric lifting mechanisms.
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Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
26) Air displacement at a zone of discontinuity between two air masses of different temperature, pressure, humidity, wind speed and direction, and cloud development is an example of ________ lifting.
A) convergent
B) convectional
C) orographic
D) frontal
E) radiative
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 7.1 Air Masses
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 7.2 Identify and describe four types of atmospheric lifting mechanisms.
27) When a cold front approaches, air pressure will initially ________ due to the displacement and uplift of ________ air.
A) increase; cold
B) increase; warm
C) decrease; cold
D) decrease; warm
E) decrease; both warm and cold
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 7.1 Air Masses
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 7.2 Identify and describe four types of atmospheric lifting mechanisms.
28) After a cold front passes, the temperature ________ and the pressure ________ (relative to the conditions that existed prior to the passage of the front).
A) increases; increases
B) increases; decreases
C) decreases; increases
D) decreases; decreases
E) remains unchanged; decreases
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 7.1 Air Masses
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 7.2 Identify and describe four types of atmospheric lifting mechanisms.
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Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
29) After a warm front passes, the temperature ________ and the pressure ________ (relative to the conditions that existed prior to the passage of the front).
A) increases; increases
B) increases; decreases
C) decreases; increases
D) decreases; decreases
E) remains unchanged; decreases
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 7.1 Air Masses
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 7.2 Identify and describe four types of atmospheric lifting mechanisms.
30) Which of the following is incorrectly matched?
A) abruptly lifted warmer air – cold front
B) drizzly precipitation – warm front
C) cold front – clear cold air and high clouds as the front approaches
D) hard rain and possible lightning – cold front
E) squall line – turbulent, changing wind patterns slightly ahead of a cold front
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 7.1 Air Masses
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 7.2 Identify and describe four types of atmospheric lifting mechanisms.
31) The severity of storm activity along a warm front is ________ that along most cold fronts because the rate of uplift is ________ along a warm front.
A) less than; slower
B) less than; faster
C) greater than; slower
D) greater than; faster
E) equal to; equal
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 7.1 Air Masses
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 7.2 Identify and describe four types of atmospheric lifting mechanisms.
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32) The severity of storm activity along a cold front is ________ that along most warm fronts because the rate of uplift is ________ along a cold front.
A) less than; slower
B) less than; faster
C) greater than; slower
D) greater than; faster
E) equal to; equal
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 7.1 Air Masses
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 7.2 Identify and describe four types of atmospheric lifting mechanisms.
33) Cyclonic storm tracks across the United States and Canada generally
A) shift to the south in winter, and toward the north in summer.
B) move east to west.
C) move south to north.
D) exist in spring and fall only.
E) have very little influence on severe weather.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 7.2 Midlatitude Cyclonic Systems
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 7.3 Describe the life cycle of a midlatitude cyclonic storm system.
34) Migrating centers of low pressure in the Northern Hemisphere
A) have winds that diverge from the pressure system and spiral outward in a clockwise fashion.
B) tend to move east to west along storm tracks.
C) have counterclockwise, converging, and ascending air.
D) are a minor weather pattern in the middle and higher latitudes.
E) are also called tropical cyclones.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 7.2 Midlatitude Cyclonic Systems
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 7.3 Describe the life cycle of a midlatitude cyclonic storm system.
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35) Which of the following is false regarding wave-cyclone development, intensification, and strengthening?
A) The process can occur along the polar front.
B) Cyclogenesis is the name for this process.
C) A midlatitude cyclone, from birth to maturity to dissolution, takes an average of a month.
D) A midlatitude cyclone involves two fronts and three air masses.
E) They can be 1,600 km (1,000 mi.) wide.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 7.2 Midlatitude Cyclonic Systems
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 7.3 Describe the life cycle of a midlatitude cyclonic storm system.
36) During the open stage of a midlatitude cyclone in the Northern Hemisphere,
A) a disturbance develops along the polar front with warm air converging and rising near the surface.
B) a faster moving cold front overtakes the slower warm front and wedges beneath it.
C) warm air moves northward along an advancing front, while cold air advances southward.
D) the lifting mechanism is completely cut off from the warm air mass.
E) occlusion occurs, resulting in precipitation.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 7.2 Midlatitude Cyclonic Systems
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 7.3 Describe the life cycle of a midlatitude cyclonic storm system.
37) During the occluded stage of a midlatitude cyclone,
A) the cold front overruns the slower moving warm front.
B) air begins to be uplifted along the cold front.
C) the cold front and warm front are clearly and distinctly separated from one another.
D) cyclogenesis begins.
E) very little precipitation occurs due to lack of uplift mechanisms.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 7.2 Midlatitude Cyclonic Systems
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 7.3 Describe the life cycle of a midlatitude cyclonic storm system.
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Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
38) Occlusion in a midlatitude wave cyclone can occur because
A) warm fronts travel more quickly than cold fronts.
B) cold fronts travel more quickly than warm fronts.
C) warm and cold fronts travel at the same speed.
D) warm air sinks in low pressure areas.
E) warmer air has no uplift mechanisms.
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 7.2 Midlatitude Cyclonic Systems
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 7.3 Describe the life cycle of a midlatitude cyclonic storm system.
39) All of the following except ________ are typically used in weather forecasting and weather map preparation.
A) barometric pressure
B) surface air temperature
C) precipitation
D) wind speed and direction
E) natural vegetation
Answer: E
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 7.3 Weather Forecasting
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 7.4 Describe several types of data and imagery used for weather forecasting.
40) ________ is an example of an environmental satellite used in weather forecasting and analysis.
A) Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES)
B) Landsat 8
C) Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR)
D) SPOT Gen 3
E) Quickbird
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 7.3 Weather Forecasting
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 7.4 Describe several types of data and imagery used for weather forecasting.
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41) Surface weather information in the United States come mainly from which of the following?
A) Advanced Weather Interactive Processing System (AWIPS)
B) Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS)
C) Doppler Radar
D) geographic information systems
E) weather satellites
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 7.3 Weather Forecasting
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 7.4 Describe several types of data and imagery used for weather forecasting.
42) ________ is an example of a ground-based tool used in weather forecasting and analysis.
A) Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES)
B) Doppler radar
C) Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR)
D) SPOT Gen 3
E) Quickbird
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 7.3 Weather Forecasting
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 7.4 Describe several types of data and imagery used for weather forecasting.
43) Ice storms occur when which of the following conditions prevail?
A) Rain drops circulate repeatedly above and below the freezing level in a cloud.
B) Moist, cool air is adiabatically cooled to the freezing point.
C) A cold front pushes warm, moist air to the freezing level in a cloud.
D) A layer of warm air is between two layers of cold air.
E) Extremely cold temperatures at high latitudes and altitudes.
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 7.4 Violent Weather
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 7.5 Review various forms of violent weather-ice storms, thunderstorms, derechos, tornadoes, and tropical cyclones-by their formation and characteristics.
17
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
44) Which of the following “ingredients” is not associated with thunderstorm formation?
A) warm, moist air
B) unstable air
C) a lifting mechanism
D) a strong high pressure cell
E) strong updrafts of rising air
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 7.4 Violent Weather
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 7.5 Review various forms of violent weather-ice storms, thunderstorms, derechos, tornadoes, and tropical cyclones-by their formation and characteristics.
45) In which of the following areas will thunderstorms not develop?
A) in areas of orographic uplift
B) in areas of surface convergence
C) along frontal boundaries
D) under areas of strong high pressure
E) in areas during unstable atmospheric conditions
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 7.4 Violent Weather
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 7.5 Review various forms of violent weather-ice storms, thunderstorms, derechos, tornadoes, and tropical cyclones-by their formation and characteristics.
46) Isolated, short-lived thunderstorms fueled by the rapid upward movement of warm, moist air are known as ________ thunderstorms.
A) single-cell
B) supercell
C) multi-cell clusters
D) squall line
E) derecho
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 7.4 Violent Weather
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 7.5 Review various forms of violent weather-ice storms, thunderstorms, derechos, tornadoes, and tropical cyclones-by their formation and characteristics.
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Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
47) The first stage of a single-cell thunderstorm is the ________ stage in which ________.
A) occluded; a cold front overruns the slower moving warm front
B) mature; downdrafts cause heavy precipitation and strong, gusty winds
C) dissipating; downdrafts pull cooler air into the cloud
D) open; warm air moves northward along an advancing front, while cold air advances southward
E) cumulus; unstable conditions prevail leading to cumulus cloud formation
Answer: E
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 7.4 Violent Weather
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 7.5 Review various forms of violent weather-ice storms, thunderstorms, derechos, tornadoes, and tropical cyclones-by their formation and characteristics.
48) Which of the following is true?
A) Lightning results from the buildup of electrical-energy polarity within clouds.
B) Thunder is caused by rapid cooling of the air.
C) Thunder is caused by rapid contraction of the air.
D) Lightning is relatively uncommon on the Earth.
E) The majority of lightning strikes occur over the oceans because of high evaporation rates.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 7.4 Violent Weather
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 7.5 Review various forms of violent weather-ice storms, thunderstorms, derechos, tornadoes, and tropical cyclones-by their formation and characteristics.
49) An estimated ________ lightning strikes occur each day on Earth.
A) 800
B) 8,000
C) 80,000
D) 800,000
E) 8,000,000
Answer: E
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 7.4 Violent Weather
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 7.5 Review various forms of violent weather-ice storms, thunderstorms, derechos, tornadoes, and tropical cyclones-by their formation and characteristics.
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Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
50) Variation of wind speed and direction with altitude is known as
A) supercells.
B) convection.
C) wind shear.
D) convergence.
E) derechos.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 7.4 Violent Weather
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 7.5 Review various forms of violent weather-ice storms, thunderstorms, derechos, tornadoes, and tropical cyclones-by their formation and characteristics.
51) Severe thunderstorms can produce strong downdrafts that cause exceptionally strong winds near the ground. This turbulence is known as
A) updrafts.
B) downbursts.
C) Chinook winds.
D) föhn
E) derechos.
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 7.4 Violent Weather
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 7.5 Review various forms of violent weather-ice storms, thunderstorms, derechos, tornadoes, and tropical cyclones-by their formation and characteristics.
52) ________ are the strongest thunderstorms.
A) Supercells
B) Multicell clusters
C) Multicell lines
D) Single-cells
E) derechos.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 7.4 Violent Weather
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 7.5 Review various forms of violent weather-ice storms, thunderstorms, derechos, tornadoes, and tropical cyclones-by their formation and characteristics.
20
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
53) Derechos
A) are named after the Latin word for “hooked” or “curved.”
B) are straight-line winds associated with thunderstorms.
C) are associated with gravity drainage.
D) are most common in the Pacific Northwest of the United States.
E) occur primarily in winter due to cP air masses.
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 7.4 Violent Weather
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 7.5 Review various forms of violent weather-ice storms, thunderstorms, derechos, tornadoes, and tropical cyclones-by their formation and characteristics.
54) Which is not true of Derechos?
A) They are caused by the same conditions that cause thunderstorms and tornadoes.
B) They occur mainly from May to August in the U.S. Midwest.
C) They can pose a threat to human property and life.
D) The winds travel in a curved path.
E) They occur mainly in the Midwest and Southeast.
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 7.4 Violent Weather
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 7.5 Review various forms of violent weather-ice storms, thunderstorms, derechos, tornadoes, and tropical cyclones-by their formation and characteristics.
55) Scientists called the new phenomenon, witnessed in May 2009, of straight line, 100 mph winds with an eyelike structure and a path of destruction 100 miles wide a
A) squall line.
B) supercell.
C) super derecho.
D) macroburst.
E) wind shear.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 7.4 Violent Weather
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 7.5 Review various forms of violent weather-ice storms, thunderstorms, derechos, tornadoes, and tropical cyclones-by their formation and characteristics.
21
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
56) Tornadoes
A) are rarely associated with hurricanes.
B) are associated with mesocyclones.
C) do not occur anywhere else in the world outside of the United States.
D) are called funnel clouds after they come in contact with the ground.
E) only occur during the months of March through September in the United States.
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 7.4 Violent Weather
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 7.5 Review various forms of violent weather-ice storms, thunderstorms, derechos, tornadoes, and tropical cyclones-by their formation and characteristics.
57) Which of the following is true of tornadoes in the United States?
A) They occur in every month except March and April.
B) The peak month is November.
C) The peak month is May.
D) They develop within cP air masses.
E) They are most common west of the Rocky Mountains.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 7.4 Violent Weather
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 7.5 Review various forms of violent weather-ice storms, thunderstorms, derechos, tornadoes, and tropical cyclones-by their formation and characteristics.
58) ________ clouds are associated with tornado development.
A) Cumulus
B) Nimbostratus
C) Altocumulus
D) Cumulonimbus
E) Cirrus
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 7.4 Violent Weather
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 7.5 Review various forms of violent weather-ice storms, thunderstorms, derechos, tornadoes, and tropical cyclones-by their formation and characteristics.
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Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
59) Which of the following best describes tornado development?
A) A horizontally rotating body of air is tipped vertically by an updraft within a cumulonimbus cloud, forming a mesocyclone, which can generate tornado activity.
B) Strong downdrafts in a cumulonimbus cloud cause the formation of funnel clouds, which pulse from the bottom sometimes forming tornadoes.
C) Bands of rapidly moving thunderstorms create powerful, straight-line winds.
D) Evaporation over warm ocean waters leads to convective thunderstorms; as latent energy is released as the water vapor condenses, tornadic activity is spawned.
E) Orographic uplift near warm ocean currents forces warm, moist air to rise and cool to dew point. The latent heat associated with condensation leads to strong downdrafts and tornado formation.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 7.4 Violent Weather
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 7.5 Review various forms of violent weather-ice storms, thunderstorms, derechos, tornadoes, and tropical cyclones-by their formation and characteristics.
60) Tornadoes are ranked in terms of wind speed and related property damage using the ________ scale.
A) Beaufort
B) Enhanced Fujita
C) Mercalli
D) Richter
E) Saffir-Simpson
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 7.4 Violent Weather
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 7.5 Review various forms of violent weather-ice storms, thunderstorms, derechos, tornadoes, and tropical cyclones-by their formation and characteristics.
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61) A tornado classified as an EF-5 would have
A) wind speeds greater than 322 kmph (200 mph) with incredible damage.
B) wind speeds less than 137 kmph (85 mph) with light damage.
C) wind speeds between 218-266 kmph (136-165 mph) with severe damage.
D) wind speeds between 178-217 kmph (111-135 mph) with considerable damage.
E) wind speeds between 138-177 kmph (86-110 mph) with moderate damage.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 7.4 Violent Weather
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 7.5 Review various forms of violent weather-ice storms, thunderstorms, derechos, tornadoes, and tropical cyclones-by their formation and characteristics.
24
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
62)
Tornado occurrence in the United States
The highest frequency of tornadoes per 26,000 km2 (10,000 mi2) in the United States occurs in
A) Nebraska.
B) South Dakota.
C) Florida.
D) Oklahoma.
E) California.
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Chapter/Section: 7.4 Violent Weather
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G3 Read and Interpret Graphs and Data.
LO: 7.5 Review various forms of violent weather-ice storms, thunderstorms, derechos, tornadoes, and tropical cyclones-by their formation and characteristics.
25
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
63) Tropical cyclones
A) are produced by the conflict between air masses and frontal activity.
B) originate entirely within tropical air masses.
C) usually form poleward of 23.5° latitude in either hemisphere.
D) are called hurricanes worldwide.
E) are classified using the Enhanced Fujita scale.
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 7.4 Violent Weather
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 7.5 Review various forms of violent weather-ice storms, thunderstorms, derechos, tornadoes, and tropical cyclones-by their formation and characteristics.
64) Which of the following is not a regional name for the most powerful tropical cyclones?
A) hurricane
B) easterly wave
C) typhoon
D) cyclone
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 7.4 Violent Weather
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 7.5 Review various forms of violent weather-ice storms, thunderstorms, derechos, tornadoes, and tropical cyclones-by their formation and characteristics.
65) Which is the correct order of tropical cyclone classification, from weakest to strongest?
A) tropical disturbance-tropical depression-tropical storm-hurricane
B) tropical depression-tropical disturbance-hurricane-tropical storm
C) tropical storm-tropical disturbance-tropical depression-hurricane
D) hurricane-tropical disturbance-tropical depression-tropical storm
E) tropical depression-tropical disturbance-super typhoon–hurricane
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 7.4 Violent Weather
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 7.5 Review various forms of violent weather-ice storms, thunderstorms, derechos, tornadoes, and tropical cyclones-by their formation and characteristics.
26
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
66)
Tropical cyclone formation areas and storm tracks
Cyclones in the southern Indian Ocean usually occur between
A) November and May.
B) April and December.
C) June and October.
D) August and December.
E) June and November.
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Chapter/Section: 7.4 Violent Weather
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G3 Read and Interpret Graphs and Data.
LO: 7.5 Review various forms of violent weather-ice storms, thunderstorms, derechos, tornadoes, and tropical cyclones-by their formation and characteristics.
27
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
67) Hurricanes derive their energy from the latent heat of
A) vaporization.
B) fusion.
C) condensation.
D) sublimation.
E) deposition.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 7.4 Violent Weather
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 7.5 Review various forms of violent weather-ice storms, thunderstorms, derechos, tornadoes, and tropical cyclones-by their formation and characteristics.
68) Before a hurricane forms, upper-level divergence above an easterly wave
A) weakens vertical convective circulation.
B) pulls moisture into the system.
C) causes the system to dissipate.
D) moves west to east.
E) forms a mesocyclone.
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 7.4 Violent Weather
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 7.5 Review various forms of violent weather-ice storms, thunderstorms, derechos, tornadoes, and tropical cyclones-by their formation and characteristics.
69) Easterly waves travel from ________ in the ________ belt.
A) east to west; trade wind
B) west to east; trade wind
C) east to west; westerly
D) west to east; westerly
E) north to south; North Atlantic Gyre.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 7.4 Violent Weather
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 7.5 Review various forms of violent weather-ice storms, thunderstorms, derechos, tornadoes, and tropical cyclones-by their formation and characteristics.
28
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
70) Uplift and storm development occur on the ________ side of an easterly wave.
A) northern
B) southern
C) eastern
D) western
E) bottom
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 7.4 Violent Weather
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 7.5 Review various forms of violent weather-ice storms, thunderstorms, derechos, tornadoes, and tropical cyclones-by their formation and characteristics.
71) Which part of a hurricane consists of dry, subsiding air?
A) eye
B) spiral bands
C) eye wall (collar clouds)
D) trade winds
E) easterly waves
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 7.4 Violent Weather
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 7.5 Review various forms of violent weather-ice storms, thunderstorms, derechos, tornadoes, and tropical cyclones-by their formation and characteristics.
72) Which of the following is incorrect?
A) The most severe weather in a hurricane occurs in the spiral bands.
B) By definition, hurricanes have sustained winds that exceed 65 knots (119 kmph or 74 mph).
C) Mature hurricanes develop a central eye of calm conditions.
D) Tropical cyclones range in diameter from 160 km to 1,000 km (100 mi. to 600 mi.).
E) Vertically, a tropical cyclone dominates the full height of the troposphere.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 7.4 Violent Weather
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 7.5 Review various forms of violent weather-ice storms, thunderstorms, derechos, tornadoes, and tropical cyclones-by their formation and characteristics.
29
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
73) The Saffir-Simpson scale estimates potential property damage from
A) hurricanes.
B) tornadoes.
C) tropical depressions.
D) storm surges.
E) wave cyclones.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 7.4 Violent Weather
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 7.5 Review various forms of violent weather-ice storms, thunderstorms, derechos, tornadoes, and tropical cyclones-by their formation and characteristics.
74) The majority of hurricane damage and drowning is caused by the ________.
A) storm surge
B) eye
C) spiral rain bands
D) eyewall
E) associated tornadoes
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 7.4 Violent Weather
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 7.5 Review various forms of violent weather-ice storms, thunderstorms, derechos, tornadoes, and tropical cyclones-by their formation and characteristics.
75) Which of the following was the deadliest Atlantic hurricane of the last 100 years?
A) Hurricane Mitch
B) Hurricane Bonnie
C) Hurricane Andrew
D) Hurricane Camille
E) Hurricane Katrina
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 7.4 Violent Weather
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 7.5 Review various forms of violent weather-ice storms, thunderstorms, derechos, tornadoes, and tropical cyclones-by their formation and characteristics.
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Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
76) Hurricane ________ was the most expensive hurricane in the United States history.
A) Mitch
B) Sandy
C) Andrew
D) Camille
E) Katrina
Answer: E
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 7.4 Violent Weather
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 7.5 Review various forms of violent weather-ice storms, thunderstorms, derechos, tornadoes, and tropical cyclones-by their formation and characteristics.
77) Prior to making landfall, Hurricane Sandy’s characteristics changed and it was classified as a(n)
A) midlatitude anticyclone.
B) typhoon.
C) tropical depression.
D) post-tropical cyclone.
E) easterly wave.
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 7.4 Violent Weather
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 7.5 Review various forms of violent weather-ice storms, thunderstorms, derechos, tornadoes, and tropical cyclones-by their formation and characteristics.
78) Which of the following is predicted to occur in the 21st Century as a result of climate change?
A) An increase in global snowfall due to an increase in atmospheric moisture.
B) Increased frequency and intensity of tropical cyclones due to increased ocean temperatures.
C) Less lake-effect snowfall due to warming waters.
D) Decrease in extreme snowfall events (blizzards).
E) A decrease in thunderstorm intensity and, as a result, fewer tornadoes.
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Chapter/Section: 7.5 The Human Denominator
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding
Geo Standard: N14 How human actions modify the physical environment.
Global Sci. LO: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography.
LO: 7.5 Review various forms of violent weather-ice storms, thunderstorms, derechos, tornadoes, and tropical cyclones-by their formation and characteristics.
31
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
79) How do air masses form? What are their general characteristics? Describe the typical air masses that affect North America.
Answer: An air mass is a volume of air defined by its temperature and vapor content. An air mass is homogeneous mix of temperature, humidity, and stability, which initially reflect the characteristics of its source region. The air masses affecting North America include cA (continental Arctic), cP (continental polar), mP (two maritime polar), and mT (two maritime tropical).
Continental polar: cP, cold dry and stable. Source region-high latitude North America over continents.
Maritime polar: mP, cool, moist, unstable conditions. form over norther oceans.
Maritime tropical: mT, form over tropical waters in the Gulf/Atlantic and the Pacific. Both warm and humid, but stability differs between source regions-more unstable in Atlantic.
Continental tropical: cT, hot, low relative humidity, stable, occurs in summer over Central America and southern U.S.
Diff: 3
Chapter/Section: 7.1 Air Masses
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G8 Communicate effectively in writing.
LO: 7.1 Describe the characteristics of air masses that affect North America.
80) Describe the four types of atmospheric lifting and give typical geographic characteristics associated with each.
Answer: Convergent lifting results when air flows toward an area of low pressure. Common in equatorial regions.
Convectional lifting happens when air is stimulated by local surface heating. Occurs where air from maritime sources passes over warmed land surface or even in urban heat islands.
Orographic lifting occurs when air is forced over a barrier such as a mountain range. Occurs in areas with large topographic relief.
Frontal lifting occurs as air is displaced upward along the leading edges of contrasting air masses. Occurs where air masses meet.
Diff: 3
Chapter/Section: 7.1 Air Masses
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G8 Communicate effectively in writing.
LO: 7.2 Identify and describe four types of atmospheric lifting mechanisms.
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Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
81) Using regional examples, explain how orographic precipitation and rain shadows are related.
Answer: Answers will vary, but in general should discuss how windward side of the topographic barrier receives precipitation, while leeward side in the rain shadow. Below is an example using the Sierra Nevada of California.
Prevailing winds force warm, moist air upward against the Sierra Nevadas, producing adiabatic cooling, eventual condensation and net condensation, cloud formation and precipitation on the windward side of the range. On the leeward slope, the air descends, compresses, and heats and evaporation dominates, creating a rain shadow.
Diff: 3
Chapter/Section: 7.1 Air Masses
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G8 Communicate effectively in writing.
LO: 7.2 Identify and describe four types of atmospheric lifting mechanisms.
82) Present the typical conditions and activities associated with both a cold front and with a warm front.
Answer: A cold front is the leading edge of a cold air mass, whereas a warm front is the leading edge of a warm air mass. A cold front is more homogeneous and denser than the warm air mass it displaces. It causes warm air ahead of the advancing air mass to rise abruptly. Several days before its arrival, high cirrus clouds appear. As it advances, more intense lifting results, cumulonimbus clouds may form, and heavy precipitation may results. The aftermath is north winds in the northern hemisphere and anticyclonic conditions. A warm front may be carried by the jet stream into regions with colder air. The leading edge of a warm front is unable to displace cooler, passive air. Instead, the warm air tend to push the cooler, underlying air into a wedge shape, with the warmer air sliding over the cooler air, creating a temperature inversion.
Diff: 3
Chapter/Section: 7.1 Air Masses
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G8 Communicate effectively in writing.
LO: 7.2 Identify and describe four types of atmospheric lifting mechanisms.
33
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
83) Describe the typical life cycle of a mid-latitude cyclone in North America, beginning with cyclogenesis and ending with the cyclone’s dissolution.
Answer: Cyclogenesis: Disturbance develops along the polar front or other areas; warm air converges near the surface and begins to rise, creating instability.
Open stage: Cyclonic, counterclockwise flow pulls warm, moist air into the low pressure center, while cold air advances.
Occluded stage: The faster-moving cold front overtakes the slower warm front and wedges beneath it. Warm air is pushed upward, leading to precipitation.
Dissolving stage: When the cold air mass completely cuts off the warm air from its source of energy, the midlatitude cyclone dissolves.
Diff: 3
Chapter/Section: 7.2 Midlatitude Cyclonic Systems
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G8 Communicate effectively in writing.
LO: 7.3 Describe the life cycle of a midlatitude cyclonic storm system.
84) Discuss the formation, physical characteristics, and typical precipitation patterns of thunderstorms.
Answer: Rapidly rising warm, moist air fuels a thunderstorm. As air rises, cools, and condenses, it forms clouds and precipitation. This results in the release of energy, which locally heats the air, causing violent updrafts and downdrafts as rising parcels of air pull surrounding air into the column and the frictional drag of raindrops pulls air toward the ground. There is a great deal of turbulence and wind shear. There may also be heavy precipitation, lightening, thunder, hail, and even tornadic activity.
Diff: 3
Chapter/Section: 7.4 Violent Weather
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G8 Communicate effectively in writing.
LO: 7.5 Review various forms of violent weather-ice storms, thunderstorms, derechos, tornadoes, and tropical cyclones-by their formation and characteristics.
34
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
85) Describe the formation of mesocyclones and tornadoes, and also examines how meteorologists rank the intensity of tornadoes.
Answer: Strong winds aloft establish spinning. Updraft from the thunderstorm development tilts the rotating air mass, causing a mesocyclone to form as a rotating updraft within the thunderstorm. As moisture-laden air id drawn-up into the circulation of a mesocyclone, energy is released by condensation, and the rotation speed increases. This movement may form a smaller funnel cloud. If the funnel cloud lowers to the Earth, a tornado results. The intensity is ranked based on the Enhanced Fujita Scale, which is an estimate of wind speed based on damage. It goes of EF 0 to EF 5.
Diff: 3
Chapter/Section: 7.4 Violent Weather
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G8 Communicate effectively in writing.
LO: 7.5 Review various forms of violent weather-ice storms, thunderstorms, derechos, tornadoes, and tropical cyclones-by their formation and characteristics.
86) Examine the typical conditions that spawn hurricanes in the Atlantic. Describe the physical characteristics of a hurricane and examine why it can be so devastating to land.
Answer: In the Atlantic basin, tropic depressions tend to intensify into tropical storms as they cross the Atlantic toward North and Central America. In general, cyclonic motion begins with slow-moving easterly waves of low pressure in the trade wind belt of the tropics. If the sea-surface temperature exceeds 26°C, a tropical cyclone may form along the leeward side of the easterly waves.
Diff: 3
Chapter/Section: 7.4 Violent Weather
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G8 Communicate effectively in writing.
LO: 7.5 Review various forms of violent weather-ice storms, thunderstorms, derechos, tornadoes, and tropical cyclones-by their formation and characteristics.
87) To what extent was Hurricane Katrina a natural disaster? To what extent was it caused by humans?
Answer: The hurricane, itself, was a natural disaster. However, by the time it made landfall, it was a category 3. Most of the damage resulted from the breech of levees, causing inundation of the low-lying parts of the city. In this regard (and the decision to build in a low-lying, hurricane prone area), made this very much a human-made disaster.
Diff: 3
Chapter/Section: 7.4 Violent Weather
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating
Geo Standard: N7 The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface.
Global Sci. LO: G8 Communicate effectively in writing.
LO: 7.5 Review various forms of violent weather-ice storms, thunderstorms, derechos, tornadoes, and tropical cyclones-by their formation and characteristics.
35
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
88) Using several examples, discuss how climate change may affect severe weather events
Answer: Answers will vary, but may include decreases in global snowfall, but increases in blizzards. Increases in lake-effect snowfall; higher intensity and frequency of tropical cyclones; more tornadoes, etc.
Diff: 3
Chapter/Section: 7.5 The Human Denominator
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating
Geo Standard: N14 How human actions modify the physical environment.
Global Sci. LO: G8 Communicate effectively in writing.
LO: 7.5 Review various forms of violent weather-ice storms, thunderstorms, derechos, tornadoes, and tropical cyclones-by their formation and characteristics.