- The culture of a person can be determined by which one of the following actions?
| a. | Knowing and talking to the person |
| b. | Determining the family history |
| c. | Having the person complete a culture questionnaire |
| d. | Identifying the person’s customs |
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy
- Of the following groups, which are designations of race according the United States Census form?
| a. | Alaskan Native, White, Black, and Asian |
| b. | Black, White, Asian, and American Indian |
| c. | Caucasian, Pacific Islander, African-American, and Asian |
| d. | Negro, Caucasian, Asian and Hispanic |
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Challenging
- Which of the following is an ethnicity and not a race?
| a. | African American |
| b. | Hispanic |
| c. | Pacific Islander |
| d. | White |
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
- You overhear a colleague referring to a patient as the “Asian” in the emergency room. Using labels such as this when referring to people tends to reflect which of the following?
| a. | A caste system mentality of the colleague |
| b. | Application of cultural competence by the colleague |
| c. | Enhancement of social connectedness of the client |
| d. | Personalization of the client |
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy
- The ability to incorporate cultural knowledge into holistic and culturally congruent care is called:
| a. | cultural awareness. |
| b. | cultural competence. |
| c. | cultural pride. |
| d. | cultural tapestry. |
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy
- An outsider’s viewpoint of a specific culture or culture group is referred to as:
| a. | emic knowledge. |
| b. | etic knowledge. |
| c. | lay or folk knowledge. |
| d. | worldview knowledge. |
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
- Which of the following nurse leaders is a recognized theorist on transcultural nursing?
| a. | Dorthea Orem |
| b. | Madeleine Leininger |
| c. | Martha Rogers |
| d. | Nola Pender |
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
- Of the following assessment elements, which one would be included in a cultural assessment?
| a. | Genogram |
| b. | Religion |
| c. | Review of body systems |
| d. | Substance use |
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy
- An elderly man offers prayer every morning in the community church. This would be called a:
| a. | habit. |
| b. | rite of passage. |
| c. | ritual. |
| d. | sacrifice. |
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
- Which of the following are overlapping health-care arenas that are important to recognize in order for a health-care system to be holistic?
| a. | Cultural pride, cultural competence, and worldview |
| b. | Individual, family, and society |
| c. | Lay/popular, folk, and professional |
| d. | Values, beliefs, and customs |
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
- A nurse colleague states that health care in the hospital is superior to the use of herbal medicine by a Native American. The belief this colleague is expressing would be categorized as:
| a. | egoism. |
| b. | ethnocentrism. |
| c. | humanism. |
| d. | medicocentrism. |
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Challenging
- Which of the following represents an example of the lay/popular health sector?
| a. | Health food store employee |
| b. | Registered pharmacist |
| c. | Spiritual healer |
| d. | Yourself |
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
- A person who chooses to use meditation and aroma therapy in conjunction with pain medication prescribed by a professional health-care provider is said to be using which of the following approaches to health care?
| a. | Alternative |
| b. | Complementary |
| c. | Cultural |
| d. | Traditional |
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
- Which of the following is an example of acculturation in a young Hispanic Cuban man?
| a. | He adopts the Protestant religion of his fiancée. |
| b. | He believes in a balance of body, mind, and spirit. |
| c. | He maintains the language of his country of origin. |
| d. | He supports the use of folk medicine for wellness. |
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
- You overhear someone saying that “All Catholics want to see a priest.” This is an example of:
| a. | cultural cataloguing. |
| b. | cultural competence. |
| c. | cultural ignorance. |
| d. | cultural sensitivity. |
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
TRUE/FALSE
- People from the same family share the same worldview.
ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Easy
- The number of particular groups bound by race, ethnicity, religion, and nationality is virtually limitless.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Easy
- Race as a category is concise and provides for specific information about a person.
ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
- It is possible for a person to be of the white race and of Mexican ancestry.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
- People within the same ethnic group manifest the same characteristics and behavior.
ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Easy
- People can be spiritual without having a specific religion affiliation.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Easy
- A person with culture pride is self-centered and egotistical.
ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
- Research shows that people tend to abandon lay/popular health practices when they become involved with treatment from the professional health sector.
ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Easy
- A registered nurse practices in the lay health-care arena.
ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Easy
- Some religious practices can be both a ritual and a rite of passage.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Easy
MATCHING
Match the following terms to the appropriate attributes below:
| a. | Culture |
| b. | Custom |
| c. | Ethnicity |
| d. | Myth |
| e. | Superstition |
- Foods, holidays, clothing, art music
- Trust in magic or chance
- Overarching lifeways, worldview, and way of life
- Historical belief, tradition, or story
- Common nation, tribe, language, and shared identity
- ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
- ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: Easy
- ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
- ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy
- ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
Chapter 7 Environmental Factors
MULTIPLE CHOICE
- A substance or agent that has the ability to cause any type of adverse health effect is the definition of:
| a. | a biological contaminant. |
| b. | a chemical emission. |
| c. | an environmental health hazard. |
| d. | an environmental risk. |
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
- Which of the following is a primary function of epidemiology?
| a. | Identifying the common educational needs of people in communities |
| b. | Discovering new advances and treatments for disease in a population |
| c. | Researching individual and cultural similarities and differences among groups |
| d. | Studying the distribution and determinants of disease in a population |
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
- Which of the following is an example of a focus area for the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)?
| a. | Developing safer food handling practices |
| b. | Eliminating risks for the use of pesticides |
| c. | Monitoring the testing of chemicals sold in the marketplace |
| d. | Studying the occurrence of health effects in humans |
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Challenging
- Of the four major steps used by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to assess risk when a disease cluster is identified, which one of the following would be the first?
| a. | Estimation of the exposure |
| b. | Delineation of the potential environmental hazards |
| c. | Delineation of the dose response process |
| d. | Determination of the seriousness of harm and susceptibility of the population |
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Challenging
- Indoor air pollution has been estimated to be how many times higher than outdoor air pollution levels?
| a. | 10 to 20 times higher |
| b. | 2.2 to 100 times higher |
| c. | 50 to 150 times higher |
| d. | 100 to 200 times higher |
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
- Several employees working in the same building reported burning eyes, irritated throats, and fatigue that disappeared a short time after leaving the building. This could be a situation called:
| a. | building-related illness. |
| b. | chronic fatigue syndrome. |
| c. | seasonal affective disorder. |
| d. | sick building syndrome. |
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
- A friend tells you that he has been diagnosed with a building-related illness. You know that he will most likely obtain relief from his symptoms:
| a. | immediately after leaving his building. |
| b. | never; symptoms are permanent. |
| c. | one to two days after leaving his building. |
| d. | weeks to months after leaving his building. |
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Challenging
- The single most preventable indoor air pollutant is:
| a. | asbestos. |
| b. | dust. |
| c. | environmental tobacco smoke. |
| d. | gas and vapors. |
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
- Which of the following are among the biggest sources of particulate matter in indoor air pollution?
| a. | Carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide |
| b. | House dust and tobacco smoke |
| c. | Paints and varnishes |
| d. | Radon and formaldehyde |
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
- Which of the following substances is tasteless, colorless, and odorless and is second to cigarette smoking as the leading source of lung cancer?
| a. | Asbestos |
| b. | Formaldehyde |
| c. | Methane |
| d. | Radon |
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
- The interpretation of danger on a warning label indicates that the product contains a chemical that:
| a. | causes allergic reactions. |
| b. | destroys tissue. |
| c. | is corrosive, flammable, toxic, or poisonous. |
| d. | may cause injury or inflammation on contact. |
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
- Which of the following actions would contribute to creation of a safe haven for a chemically sensitized individual?
| a. | Avoiding use of electric appliances |
| b. | Hiring exterminators for routine pest control |
| c. | Replacing natural wood furniture with particle board |
| d. | Using natural-fiber fabrics such as cotton |
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
- Which of the following would be an appropriate action to take in order to avoid serious injury in an earthquake?
| a. | Duck into a doorway if walking on a sidewalk. |
| b. | Move outdoors if in a high-rise building. |
| c. | Pull under an overpass if driving. |
| d. | Rush for the nearest exit if in a stadium or theater. |
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
- Which of the following acts is in keeping with a major role of nurses in the case of a bioterrorist attack?
| a. | Create individualized nursing care plans to provide for the best possible outcome for each patient. |
| b. | Initiate and coordinate communication with public communication systems, such as radio and television reporters. |
| c. | Provide client referrals to physicians for initial evaluation, triage, and medical management. |
| d. | Recognize cases and clusters of cases resulting from the attack or from naturally occurring outbreaks. |
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy
- A disaster supply kit for a family of five should contain how much water?
| a. | 5 gallons |
| b. | 15 gallons |
| c. | 25 gallons |
| d. | 30 gallons |
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
TRUE/FALSE
- Creating an entirely pollution-free environment is virtually impossible.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Easy
- No body system is safe from environmental harm.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Easy
- The sense of taste is noted as an accurate tool for detecting pollutants.
ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Easy
- Among age groups, the elderly are especially affected by environmental tobacco smoke.
ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Easy
- Concentrations of many volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) are up to ten times higher indoors than outdoors.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Easy
- Diesel exhaust is less harmful than exhaust from gasoline.
ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
- The majority of people with hearing loss are males below the age of retirement.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
- A hurricane “warning” is issued when there is a threat of hurricane conditions within 24 to 36 hours.
ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
- A lesson learned from the 9/11 terrorist attack on the Unites States is that there is very little to do to prepare for the unexpected.
ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
- Posttraumatic stress disorder from natural disasters tends to disappear within 2 years of the event.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
MATCHING
Match each term with the appropriate definition.
| a. | Decibels |
| b. | Mutagens |
| c. | Ergonomics |
| d. | Teratogens |
| e. | Volatile organic chemicals |
- Can cause birth defects
- Can improve workplace conditions
- Gases released from certain solids or liquids from thousands of products
- Substances that can change genetic material found in chromosomes
- Measurement of sound loudness
- ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy
- ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy
- ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: Easy
- ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy
- ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy
