1) This theme town just outside Shanghai includes a gothic church, village green, and mock-Tudor pub.
- A) Thames Town
- B) Little London
- C) Englandville
- D) New Brighton
- E) Hong Kong
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 253
Topic: Behaviour, knowledge, and human environments
Skill: Recall
2) The trailer park and the suburb are examples of
- A) derelict landscapes.
- B) ordinary landscapes.
- C) symbolic landscapes.
- D) gender-based landscapes.
- E) landscapes of power.
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 255
Topic: Behaviour, knowledge, and human environments
Skill: Applied
3) What caused Western society to re-evaluate as “sublime” areas that were previously perceived as “Landscapes of Fear”?
- A) the decline of Christian faiths
- B) higher levels of education amongst the population
- C) a change in aesthetics
- D) the Modern movement
- E) Enlightenment philosophy
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 264
Topic: The aesthetics of landscape
Skill: Applied
4) Gated communities are an example of
- A) landscapes of fear.
- B) landscapes of power.
- C) derelict landscapes.
- D) symbolic landscapes.
- E) landscapes of escape.
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 256
Topic: Behaviour, knowledge, and human environments
Skill: Applied
5) Because its buildings are modelled after those of the relatively democratic Greek city-states of ancient times, the landscape created by the federal government in Washington, D.C., is best thought of as a(n)
- A) derelict landscape.
- B) Aegean landscape.
- C) symbolic landscape.
- D) Socratic landscape.
- E) ordinary landscape.
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 256
Topic: Behaviour, knowledge, and human environments
Skill: Applied
6) The Parliament Buildings in Ottawa represent an example of
- A) modern urban planning.
- B) use of symbolic space.
- C) nation-building.
- D) architectural mimetism.
- E) transfer of tradition.
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 256
Topic: Behaviour, knowledge, and human environments
Skill: Applied
7) The humanistic approach places this at the centre of analysis.
- A) community
- B) God
- C) the State
- D) the individual
- E) the family
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 257
Topic: Behaviour, knowledge, and human environments
Skill: Applied
8) According to the humanistic approach in landscape studies
- A) the sum of individual attitudes and views equals the views held by the group that includes those individuals.
- B) there is a one-way relationship in which humans act on the environment, but not the reverse.
- C) the individual and her values, meaning systems, intentions, and conscious acts are at the enter of analysis.
- D) it is impossible to read the landscape like a text.
- E) priority should be given to interpreting material traits.
Answer: C
Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Ref: 257
Topic: Behaviour, knowledge, and human environments
Skill: Applied
9) The landscape-as-text concept
- A) holds that some people actively shape the landscape.
- B) was developed by Carl Sauer.
- C) perpetuates the initial Dutch meaning of landscape.
- D) argues that landscapes can produce meaning, but can’t communicate meaning.
- E) seeks to bridge fiction literature and geography.
Answer: A
Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Ref: 257
Topic: Behaviour, knowledge, and human environments
Skill: Applied
10) Changes in our attitudes to the landscape suggest that our attitudes to nature in general are
- A) essentially economic.
- B) mostly utilitarian.
- C) culturally constructed.
- D) the product of needs.
- E) stereotyped.
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 258
Topic: The aesthetics of landscape
Skill: Applied
11) The “Italian garden” represents
- A) nature domesticated.
- B) nature subdued.
- C) nature triumphant.
- D) romantic aesthetic.
- E) classic Roman heritage.
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 259
Topic: The aesthetics of landscape
Skill: Recall
12) Gardens such as those at Versailles are an illustration of
- A) nature domesticated.
- B) nature subdued.
- C) nature triumphant.
- D) a sense of irregularity.
- E) elitist fantasy.
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 260
Topic: The aesthetics of landscape
Skill: Recall
13) The picturesque as a dominant landscape aesthetic corresponds to which basic phase in the evolution of the European landscape garden?
- A) the Italian garden
- B) the Greek garden
- C) the French garden
- D) the English garden
- E) the Modern garden
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 260
Topic: The aesthetics of landscape
Skill: Recall
14) The English style of garden design influenced the following movement in planning and design:
- A) the Bauhaus
- B) the City Beautiful
- C) the Modernist
- D) the Urban Ecologists
- E) the New Towns
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 262
Topic: The aesthetics of landscape
Skill: Applied
15) Which among the following Canadian urban parks was designed by Frederik Law Olmsted?
- A) Stanley Park (Vancouver)
- B) Butchart Gardens (Victoria)
- C) Assiniboine Park (Winnipeg)
- D) Mount Royal Park (Montréal)
- E) Plaines d’Abraham (Quebec)
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 262
Topic: The aesthetics of landscape
Skill: Recall
16) Canadian painter Emily Carr and this group of Canadian artists repudiated picturesque depictions of landscape.
- A) Refus Global
- B) Automatists
- C) Group of Seven
- D) Hyperrealists
- E) the Montréal School
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 265
Topic: The aesthetics of landscape
Skill: Recall
17) Which of the following best contributed to the reconstruction of European attitudes toward natural landscapes from fear and loathing to sublime appreciation?
- A) the rise of capitalism and the valuing of nature as a commodity
- B) the need to counter the rampant urbanization and loss of open spaces
- C) the birth of the environmental movement in the 1960s
- D) the Romantic rejection of industrialization
- E) the growing sense that wilderness was the proper abode of spirits and deities
Answer: D
Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Ref: 264
Topic: The aesthetics of landscape
Skill: Applied
18) Ethology
- A) is unrelated to the study of proxemics.
- B) argues that humans have genetic traits borne from human territoriality.
- C) holds that crowding people makes them less aggressive and more likely to conform to societal standards.
- D) holds that human customs and beliefs are very similar in all societies.
- E) is the science of reading and interpreting signs
Answer: B
Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Ref: 265
Topic: Place making/Place marketing
Skill: Applied
19) The study of the way that bubbles of personal space are defined and vary depending on circumstances is the concern of
- A) proxemics.
- B) semiotics.
- C) behavioural psychology.
- D) anthropology.
- E) protocol.
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 265
Topic: Place making/Place marketing
Skill: Applied
20) In terms of cognitive images, a street is more likely to be
- A) a district.
- B) a path or an edge.
- C) a node beside.
- D) a landmark.
- E) associated with commerce.
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 269
Topic: Place making/Place marketing
Skill: Applied
21) In the process of formation of cognitive images, this is primarily involved in both perception and cognition.
- A) senses
- B) culture
- C) brain and personality
- D) society and institutions
- E) transformed cognitive image
Answer: C
Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Ref: 269
Topic: Place making/Place marketing
Skill: Applied
22) Distortions of cognitive images is in part the result of both
- A) incomplete information and personal biases.
- B) bad planning and confusing street layouts.
- C) sensorial and material factors.
- D) lack of education and poverty.
- E) heredity and life habits.
Answer: A
Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Ref: 270
Topic: Place making/Place marketing
Skill: Applied
23) Niagara Falls first became a major destination for honeymooners
- A) as early as the 1820s.
- B) in the late nineteenth century, with the coming of the railroad.
- C) in the 1930s.
- D) in the era of the Baby Boom.
- E) after World War I.
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 272
Topic: Place making/Place marketing
Skill: Recall
24) Niagara Falls recent renaissance in tourism is owed to the opening of
- A) the Niagara Falls Cultural and Arts Centre.
- B) the Niagara Falls Historical Museum.
- C) the Peace Bridge.
- D) Casino Niagara.
- E) the Maid of the Mist hotel and shopping complex.
Answer: D
Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Ref: 272
Topic: Place making/Place marketing
Skill: Recall
25) Which of the following is usually the most important consideration for the heritage industry when deciding how to restore and develop a given landscape?
- A) commercial considerations
- B) principles of preservation
- C) historical accuracy
- D) UNESCO guidelines
- E) aesthetic considerations
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 274
Topic: Place making/Place marketing
Skill: Applied
26) This Canadian city is part of the UNESCO list of world heritage cities.
- A) St. John’s
- B) Victoria
- C) Quebec City
- D) Halifax
- E) Iqaluit
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 274
Topic: Place making/Place marketing
Skill: Recall
27) In countries with a high density of historic districts and settings, place marketing relies heavily on
- A) government subsidies.
- B) the local chamber of commerce.
- C) the heritage industry.
- D) renovation committees.
- E) modernist planning associations.
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 274
Topic: Place making/Place marketing
Skill: Applied
28) The redevelopment of Vancouver’s Expo site is an example of
- A) the failure of an urban renewal project.
- B) a successful waterfront redevelopment project.
- C) an ill-advised investment of public funds.
- D) massive Asian investment in Canada.
- E) the importance of the Pacific Rim in the context of globalization.
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 273
Topic: Place making/Place marketing
Skill: Recall
29) Which among the following areas in Canada has become internationally recognized as an important homeland for Celtic music?
- A) Newfoundland’s Avalon peninsula
- B) Cape Breton
- C) Prince Edward Island
- D) the Gaspé Peninsula
- E) the Bay of Fundy area
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 275
Topic: Place making/Place marketing
Skill: Recall
30) The practice of writing and reading signs is called
- A) esthetics.
- B) semiotics.
- C) image interpretation.
- D) heuristics.
- E) symbology.
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 276
Topic: Coded spaces
Skill: Applied
31) What term coined by a Canadian geographer can be associated with the perceived bland and mundane character of shopping malls?
- A) topophilia
- B) agoraphobia
- C) placelessness
- D) unidimensionality
- E) uniformity
Answer: C
Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Ref: 278
Topic: Coded spaces
Skill: Applied
32) Arguably, shopping malls perform the trick of mystifying the true connection between the ideals and reality of consumption by
- A) aggressive marketing campaigns.
- B) including extensive food courts.
- C) including movie complexes.
- D) creating a “sense of place.”
- E) targeting suburban locations.
Answer: D
Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Ref: 278
Topic: Coded spaces
Skill: Applied
33) This architectural style was chosen for Brasilia to help convey what designers and supporters saw for Brazil’s future.
- A) classical
- B) neo-classical
- C) authoritarian
- D) utilitarian
- E) modernist
Answer: E
Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 281
Topic: Coded spaces
Skill: Recall
34) Modernism surmised that places were heavily shaped by
- A) notions of rational behaviour and progress.
- B) spontaneity and invention.
- C) the trends of the time.
- D) planned design.
- E) public administrations.
Answer: A
Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Ref: 283
Topic: Postmodern spaces
Skill: Applied
35) Postmodernism abandoned modernism’s emphasis on
- A) environmental determinism.
- B) urban planning.
- C) cultural diversity.
- D) scientific progress.
- E) visual art.
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 284
Topic: Postmodern spaces
Skill: Applied
36) The following expression has been associated with postmodern society:
- A) society of the spectacle
- B) less is more
- C) the Great Society
- D) social justice in the city
- E) the New Frontier
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 284
Topic: Postmodern spaces
Skill: Recall
37) During the 1970s and 1980s, advertising strategies began shifting towards presenting products as
- A) more efficient.
- B) representative of a desirable lifestyle.
- C) economical and practical.
- D) newer and better.
- E) better and cheap.
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 287
Topic: Postmodern spaces
Skill: Applied
38) In a postmodern society, contemporary cultures rely more than before on
- A) material consumption.
- B) experiential consumption.
- C) spiritual consumption.
- D) conspicuous consumption.
- E) cultural consumption.
Answer: B
Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Ref: 287
Topic: Postmodern spaces
Skill: Applied
39) Which of the following statements best applies to the “ethnic restaurant” phenomenon?
- A) It has commodified cuisine.
- B) It has educated consumers.
- C) It has favoured the integration of ethnic groups.
- D) It has increased segregation of certain city neighbourhoods.
- E) It has commodified cuisine and place.
Answer: E
Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Ref: 288
Topic: Postmodern spaces
Skill: Applied
40) The success of ethnic restaurants in Canadian cities illustrates
- A) globalization’s erosion of difference.
- B) postmodernism’s celebration of uniqueness.
- C) the homogenization of the restaurant experience.
- D) the growing popularity of comfort foods.
- E) acculturation of immigrants in their new home.
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 288
Topic: Postmodern spaces
Skill: Applied
41) The stylistic emphasis of postmodernism includes
- A) visions of a harmonious society.
- B) recycled materials.
- C) broad open spaces.
- D) linear rationality.
- E) eclecticism, decoration, and parody.
Answer: E
Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Ref: 284
Topic: Postmodern spaces
Skill: Applied
42) The French government heavily subsidizes an all French alternative to the Internet known as
- A) France online.
- B) Frenchnet.
- C) Minitel.
- D) Francophonics.
- E) L’internet.
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 286
Topic: Postmodern spaces
Skill: Recall
43) Which is an important geographic phenomenon which fosters curiosity about places, peoples, and cultures?
- A) cosmopolitanism
- B) universalism
- C) environmentalism
- D) positivism
- E) exploration
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 291
Topic: Postmodern spaces
Skill: Applied
44) As a result of the usage of the Internet to inspire and facilitate the 2011 uprisings in the Arab world, they have been dubbed the
- A) Cyber revolutions.
- B) Velvet revolutions.
- C) Facebook revolutions.
- D) Net uprisings.
- E) Myspace uprisings.
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 286
Topic: Postmodern spaces
Skill: Recall
45) The penetration rate of the Internet is still only 34 percent in China, compared with this percent in the industrialized core nations.
- A) 90 percent
- B) 50 percent
- C) 100 percent
- D) 75 percent
- E) 68 percent
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 287
Topic: Postmodern spaces
Skill: Recall
46) In order to legally protect the names of foods, the EU has established which of the following?
- A) Legitimate Naming Practices
- B) Regional Quality Standards
- C) Labelling Designations
- D) Food Regional Standards
- E) Protected Designations of Origin
Answer: E
Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Ref: 291
Topic: Postmodern spaces
Skill: Recall
47) This Asian country has limited access to the Internet to be able to severe its national network in the event of political unrest.
- A) China
- B) Singapore
- C) Indonesia
- D) Vietnam
- E) North Korea
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 286
Topic: Postmodern spaces
Skill: Recall
48) What site is a gross example of the construction of a landscape of nationalism on an American First Nations sacred mountain?
- A) Yosemite
- B) Mount Rushmore
- C) Cypress Hills
- D) Yellowstone
- E) Monument Valley
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 292
Topic: Conclusion
Skill: Applied
49) The postmodern emphasis on novelty and the consumption of experience and style has meant that restaurants have
- A) become sites of conspicuous consumption where “being seen” is a big part of the reason for going out.
- B) had to expand menu options to include more eclectic offerings.
- C) had to architecturally retrofit their interiors to reflect the needs of the heritage industry.
- D) abandoned the necessity of providing high quality foods and rather focused on speed and aesthetic delivery.
- E) become surrogates for the home dinning experience which is seen as “not cool.”
Answer: A
Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Ref: 288
Topic: Postmodern spaces
Skill: Applied
50) Which of the following symbols is associated to the sketches which eventually led to the plan for Brasilia?
- A) a triangle
- B) a diamond
- C) a cross
- D) a pentagon
- E) a circle
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 281
Topic: Coded spaces
Skill: Applied
51) Landscape is a concept that can mean different things to different people.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Type: TF Page Ref: 255
Topic: Behaviour, knowledge, and human environments
Skill: Recall
52) Parliament Hill in Ottawa is an example of a vernacular landscape.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Type: TF Page Ref: 256
Topic: Behaviour, knowledge, and human environments
Skill: Applied
53) American suburbia have naturalized an ideology of an egalitarian social order.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 3 Type: TF Page Ref: 255
Topic: Behaviour, knowledge, and human environments
Skill: Applied
54) The humanistic approach takes a subjective stance in the study of the landscape.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Type: TF Page Ref: 257
Topic: Behaviour, knowledge, and human environments
Skill: Applied
55) The primary aesthetic of the French garden was that nature had been liberated.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 3 Type: TF Page Ref: 260
Topic: The aesthetics of landscape
Skill: Applied
56) The aesthetic underlying the design of the English garden was in reaction to industrialization and urbanization.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Type: TF Page Ref: 260
Topic: The aesthetics of landscape
Skill: Applied
57) Public interest in the use of city parks as “breathing” spaces emerged in the late eighteenth century, concurrently with the Industrial Revolution.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 3 Type: TF Page Ref: 261
Topic: The aesthetics of landscape
Skill: Recall
58) New York’s Central Park and Mont Royal Park in Montreal were both designed by the same landscape architect.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Type: TF Page Ref: 262
Topic: The aesthetics of landscape
Skill: Applied
59) Early expressions of the French school of garden design are found in Nova Scotia.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Type: TF Page Ref: 263
Topic: The aesthetics of landscape
Skill: Recall
60) In the eighteenth century, mountains were an eclectic feature, sought by tourists in Europe.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Type: TF Page Ref: 264
Topic: The aesthetics of landscape
Skill: Applied
61) It has been said that Canadians have conquered rather than endured nature, while the opposite applies to the case of the United States.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 3 Type: TF Page Ref: 265
Topic: The aesthetics of landscape
Skill: Applied
62) It is widely accepted that the idea of territoriality is the product of culturally established meanings.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Type: TF Page Ref: 265
Topic: Place making/Place marketing
Skill: Applied
63) Cognitive images both simplify and distort real-world environments.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 3 Type: TF Page Ref: 269
Topic: Place making/Place marketing
Skill: Applied
64) The ubiquitous use of cell phones is destabilizing our ordered bubbles because a larger personal space is required to keep phone conversations private.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Type: TF Page Ref: 266
Topic: Place making/Place marketing
Skill: Applied
65) The emotional connection between the place where one grew up and her sense of self would be an example of topophilia.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Type: TF Page Ref: 270-271
Topic: Place making/Place marketing
Skill: Applied
66) Topophilia is concerned with understanding the formation of bubbles, or areas of personal place.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Type: TF Page Ref: 271
Topic: Place making/Place marketing
Skill: Applied
67) Globalization has increased the importance of place marketing.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Type: TF Page Ref: 271
Topic: Place making/Place marketing
Skill: Applied
68) The Niagara tourist business and its connection with honeymooners started to decline significantly in the 1960s.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Type: TF Page Ref: 272
Topic: Place making/Place marketing
Skill: Recall
69) Even with abundant data collected, it remains difficult to be precise about the number of visitors to and economic impacts on British heritage sites.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Type: TF Page Ref: 274
Topic: Place making/Place marketing
Skill: Applied
70) It is agreed overall that historical settings should be re-created by following principles of preservation and conservation.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 3 Type: TF Page Ref: 274
Topic: Place making/Place marketing
Skill: Applied
71) The heritage industry is required by the United Nations to follow the principles of preservation and historical accuracy.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 3 Type: TF Page Ref: 273
Topic: Place making/Place marketing
Skill: Applied
72) Shopping malls are places that display a rich semiotic system.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Type: TF Page Ref: 278
Topic: Coded spaces
Skill: Applied
73) Shopping malls are intended to unmask the true connection between the ideals and reality of consumption.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 3 Type: TF Page Ref: 278
Topic: Coded spaces
Skill: Applied
74) The Internet penetration rate in China is only 15 percent.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 3 Type: TF Page Ref: 287
Topic: Postmodern spaces
Skill: Recall
75) Tunnels in Toronto’s and Montreal’s underground shopping networks are private property.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 3 Type: TF Page Ref: 280
Topic: Coded spaces
Skill: Applied
76) Montreal’s underground city is more extensive than Toronto’s.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Type: TF Page Ref: 280
Topic: Coded spaces
Skill: Recall
77) The architectural style of the government buildings in Brasilia was chosen to represent the country’s agrarian and pastoral heritage.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Type: TF Page Ref: 281
Topic: Coded spaces
Skill: Applied
78) So far, development on the outskirts of Brasilia is in general accordance with the wishes of the city’s original designers.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Type: TF Page Ref: 281
Topic: Coded spaces
Skill: Applied
79) Almost all of the place making and landscapes of the early and mid-twentieth century are associated with the neo-classical architectural style.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Type: TF Page Ref: 283
Topic: Postmodern spaces
Skill: Applied
80) Postmodernity focuses on developing the inner-self rather than on consumption and materialism.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Type: TF Page Ref: 284
Topic: Postmodern spaces
Skill: Applied
81) In a postmodernist approach, there is interest for the aesthetic qualities of industrial landscapes.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Type: TF Page Ref: 284
Topic: Postmodern spaces
Skill: Applied
82) It can be said that the “ethnic restaurant” has commodified cuisine and place.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Type: TF Page Ref: 288
Topic: Postmodern spaces
Skill: Applied
83) Cosmopolitanism seeks to blend regional particularisms into one unified globalized culture.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Type: TF Page Ref: 291
Topic: Postmodern spaces
Skill: Applied
84) There is strict control of certain segments of the Internet in some parts of East and Southeast Asia.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Type: TF Page Ref: 287
Topic: Postmodern spaces
Skill: Applied
85) What are “ordinary landscapes”? Citing one example how does it reflect a particular ideology?
Diff: 1 Type: SA Page Ref: 292
Topic: Behaviour, knowledge, and human environments
Skill: Applied
86) While giving relevant examples present three different categories of landscape types developed by geographers.
Diff: 2 Type: SA Page Ref: 255-256
Topic: Behaviour, knowledge, and human environments
Skill: Applied
87) Explain the humanistic approach in geography, and briefly present its strengths and weaknesses.
Diff: 2 Type: SA Page Ref: 257
Topic: Behaviour, knowledge, and human environments
Skill: Applied
88) Present and explain the four basic phases of the European landscape garden.
Diff: 2 Type: ES Page Ref: 258-261
Topic: The aesthetics of landscape
Skill: Applied
89) Write an essay which presents changes in styles through time in Canadian garden design.
Diff: 2 Type: ES Page Ref: 262-263
Topic: The aesthetics of landscape
Skill: Applied
90) Discuss how both Romanticism and the opening up of the American frontier produced a reconstruction of the then prevailing aesthetic of nature.
Diff: 3 Type: ES Page Ref: 264-265
Topic: The aesthetics of landscape
Skill: Applied
91) What are “landscapes of fear” and how do they influence an individual’s sense of place?
Diff: 2 Type: SA Page Ref: 264
Topic: The aesthetics of landscape
Skill: Applied
92) Write an essay where you explain how sense of place relates both to an insider‘s and an outsider‘s perspective, building in your own personal experiences.
Diff: 3 Type: ES Page Ref: 267-268
Topic: Place making/Place marketing
Skill: Applied
93) Identify and briefly explain the five most common elements that structure cognitive images.
Diff: 2 Type: SA Page Ref: 269
Topic: Place making/Place marketing
Skill: Recall
94) Explain the process of forming of cognitive images.
Diff: 1 Type: ES Page Ref: 269
Topic: Place making/Place marketing
Skill: Applied
95) While including specific facts and examples presented in the textbook, discuss the importance of historic settings in the United Kingdom and how place marketing relies on the heritage industry.
Diff: 3 Type: ES Page Ref: 273-274
Topic: Place making/Place marketing
Skill: Applied
96) Present the case of Niagara Falls, Ontario, as an example of place marketing and of the shifting fortunes of such a tourist destination.
Diff: 2 Type: ES Page Ref: 272
Topic: Place making/Place marketing
Skill: Applied
97) While making reference to typical artifacts and strategies used within their premises, discuss why some put forward that shopping malls are “pseudoplaces.”
Diff: 3 Type: ES Page Ref: 278
Topic: Coded spaces
Skill: Applied
98) Briefly explain three ways in which malls create a sense of place.
Diff: 1 Type: SA Page Ref: 279
Topic: Coded spaces
Skill: Recall
99) Produce a semiotic reading of the city plan of Brasilia, capital city of Brazil.
Diff: 2 Type: ES Page Ref: 281
Topic: Coded spaces
Skill: Applied
100) Compare and contrast modernity and postmodernity, and discuss how postmodernity has affected globalization.
Diff: 3 Type: ES Page Ref: 283-285
Topic: Postmodern spaces
Skill: Applied
101) Write an essay where you explain the place and evolution of ethnic cuisines in Canada.
Diff: 3 Type: ES Page Ref: 288
Topic: Postmodern spaces
Skill: Applied
102) How has the growth of the Internet proven to be of “great cultural significance?”
Diff: 2 Type: ES Page Ref: 286
Topic: Postmodern spaces
Skill: Recall
103) Discuss and evaluate how globalization has reinforced and extended the commonalities of places.
Diff: 3 Type: ES Page Ref: 285-298
Topic: Postmodern spaces
Skill: Applied
Human Geography, Cdn. 4e (Knox, et al.)
Chapter 7 The Geography of Economic Development
1) A shift from agriculture to manufacturing would be an example of
- A) economic expansion.
- B) economic development.
- C) underdevelopment.
- D) diminishing returns.
- E) uneven development.
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 298
Topic: What economic development means
Skill: Applied
2) The “traditional” economy
- A) regards place as simply a location.
- B) prices the use of the environment.
- C) regards place as a locus of interconnections.
- D) regards space in cultural terms.
- E) recycles, replaces, and reduces.
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 299
Topic: What economic development means
Skill: Applied
3) Which of the following is expressed in international dollars, using a purchasing power parity conversion factor?
- A) GNI
- B) GDP
- C) GNP
- D) HDI
- E) GDI
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 299
Topic: What economic development means
Skill: Recall
4) Every day
- A) one in two goes hungry.
- B) one in eight goes hungry.
- C) no one goes hungry.
- D) one in ten goes hungry.
- E) more calories are consumed than needed.
Answer: B
Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Ref: 301
Topic: What economic development means
Skill: Recall
5) In the world today, for the same work, women earn on average
- A) about 10 percent less than men.
- B) 20 to 25 percent less than men.
- C) about 30 percent less than men.
- D) 30 percent to 40 percent less than men.
- E) almost the same as men.
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 303
Topic: What economic development means
Skill: Recall
6) Which Canadian province continues to display above national average income figures because of its significant staple production?
- A) Newfoundland
- B) British Columbia
- C) Ontario
- D) Quebec
- E) Manitoba
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 305
Topic: What economic development means
Skill: Recall
7) Which of the following countries has the smallest amount of raw materials and sources of energy?
- A) United States
- B) Canada
- C) Russia
- D) Japan
- E) Australia
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 308
Topic: What economic development means
Skill: Recall
8) The International Labour Organization estimates that
- A) men are a cheaper and more reliable source of income in the developing world.
- B) more than 250 million women between the ages of 5 and 14 are sent out to work.
- C) more than 250 million children between the ages of 5 and 14 are sent out to work.
- D) children are required to work to promote rapid development.
- E) both women and children are the best sources of cheap and reliable labour.
Answer: C
Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Ref: 304
Topic: What economic development means
Skill: Recall
9) Technological improvements have led to the development of this Canadian province’s oil sand deposits.
- A) Alberta
- B) Saskatchewan
- C) Manitoba
- D) Newfoundland
- E) British Columbia
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 309
Topic: What economic development means
Skill: Recall
10) The spread of cell phone technology is best associated with
- A) contagious diffusion.
- B) “leapfrogging” of older technologies’ diffusion.
- C) relocalization diffusion.
- D) relocation diffusion.
- E) innovation diffusion.
Answer: B
Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Ref: 310
Topic: What economic development means
Skill: Applied
11) Countries with the lowest GDP per capita have work forces engaged for the most part in
- A) primary activities.
- B) secondary activities.
- C) tertiary activities.
- D) quaternary activities.
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 311
Topic: The economic structure of countries and regions
Skill: Applied
12) According to W. W. Rostow’s model of economic development, in order for a country to be ready for “take-off” it must have
- A) completed its demographic transition.
- B) a physical infrastructure and a social/political elite.
- C) comparative advantages in international trade, which it exploits.
- D) a majority of the population engaged in tertiary activities.
- E) a democratic form of government.
Answer: B
Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Ref: 314
Topic: The economic structure of countries and regions
Skill: Applied
13) Some view the idea that every country will eventually make economic progress towards “high mass consumption” as the myth of
- A) developmentalism.
- B) incremental growth.
- C) conspicuous consumption.
- D) consumerism.
- E) capitalism.
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 313
Topic: The economic structure of countries and regions
Skill: Applied
14) Under his leadership, China started to dismantle its communist-style central planning in favour of private entrepreneurship and market mechanisms.
- A) Mao Zedong
- B) Deng Xaioping
- C) Zhou Enlai
- D) Jiang Zemin
- E) Confucius
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 306
Topic: The economic structure of countries and regions
Skill: Recall
15) Despite its membership in the WTO
- A) China has refused to act as a regional economic hegemon.
- B) China has been unwilling to open trade routes with Taiwan.
- C) China has been unable to develop its manufacturing base.
- D) a significant amount of China’s industry is based on counterfeiting and reverse engineering.
- E) China has refused to import goods from North America.
Answer: D
Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Ref: 306
Topic: The economic structure of countries and regions
Skill: Applied
16) Control of this Chinese city was given back to China from Britain in 1997 and has since served as an important prosperity centre.
- A) Canton
- B) Shanghai
- C) Beijing
- D) Macao
- E) Hong Kong
Answer: E
Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 306
Topic: The economic structure of countries and regions
Skill: Recall
17) Alfred Weber’s theory of industrial location started being considered with the advent of which tradition in the discipline of geography?
- A) regional
- B) behavioural
- C) spatial
- D) environmental
- E) economic
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 320
Topic: Everything in its place: principles of location
Skill: Applied
18) According to Weber’s theory, an industry’s optimal location is at the point
- A) nearest to raw materials.
- B) where total transport costs are minimized.
- C) closest to the market.
- D) where distances to raw materials and the market are all equal.
- E) closest to a source of energy.
Answer: B
Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Ref: 320
Topic: Everything in its place: principles of location
Skill: Applied
19) The various factors of commercial and industrial location all operate within complex webs of
- A) structural constructs.
- B) subjective assumptions.
- C) functional interdependence.
- D) abstract theories.
- E) predetermined networks.
Answer: C
Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Ref: 321
Topic: Everything in its place: principles of location
Skill: Applied
20) The Canadian Technology Triangle is located
- A) on Montreal’s south shore.
- B) in southern Ontario.
- C) around Calgary.
- D) in the B.C. Lower Mainland region.
- E) around Ottawa.
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 321
Topic: Everything in its place: principles of location
Skill: Recall
21) Agglomeration effects
- A) have hurt the computer industry in Silicon Valley.
- B) are one type of external economy.
- C) occur when businesses are located near each other, but have no interdependence with each other.
- D) describe municipal mergers.
- E) occur only in metropolitan areas according to the Statistics Canada definition.
Answer: B
Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Ref: 321
Topic: Everything in its place: principles of location
Skill: Applied
22) This Canadian city displays an exceptional cluster of important high-tech firms.
- A) Saskatoon
- B) Calgary
- C) Ottawa
- D) Moncton
- E) Quebec City
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 321
Topic: Everything in its place: principles of location
Skill: Recall
23) The process of new companies arriving in a region to supply a growing industry with supplies, components, services, and facilities is the process of
- A) forming forward linkages.
- B) forming backward linkages.
- C) creating ancillary industries.
- D) deindustrialization.
- E) reindustrialization.
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 321
Topic: Everything in its place: principles of location
Skill: Applied
24) When external economies and local economic linkages are limited to firms involved in one particular industry, they are known specifically as
- A) localization economies.
- B) urbanization economies.
- C) agglomeration economies.
- D) ancillary economies.
- E) economies of scale.
Answer: A
Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Ref: 321
Topic: Everything in its place: principles of location
Skill: Applied
25) Which of the following represents a special case of external economies?
- A) pre-conditions for take-off
- B) ancillary industries
- C) backwash effects
- D) forward linkages
- E) initial advantage
Answer: E
Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Ref: 323
Topic: Pathways to development
Skill: Applied
26) The process of regional economic growth through cumulative causation leads to
- A) an expansion of the amount of taxes the regional government can collect.
- B) a drop in the amount of skilled labour in the region.
- C) corresponding rapid growth in distant areas with economic difficulties.
- D) the increased formation of forward linkages and the eventual ending of backward linkages.
- E) expansion of urban agglomerations through municipal mergers.
Answer: A
Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Ref: 325
Topic: Pathways to development
Skill: Applied
27) Which of the following theories embodies the various processes associated with cumulative causation in Canadian regional economic development?
- A) heartland-hinterland
- B) comparative advantages
- C) push-pull theory
- D) metropolitanism
- E) growth poles
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 325
Topic: Pathways to development
Skill: Applied
28) Periphery regions can experience spread effects from core regions when local entrepreneurs in the periphery regions take advantage of
- A) local cheap land and labour.
- B) the inefficient government bureaucracy of the periphery regions.
- C) grants from the federal government.
- D) new demands on the market for local goods.
- E) local bankruptcies and business closures.
Answer: A
Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Ref: 325
Topic: Pathways to development
Skill: Applied
29) Fort McMurray has become the centre for
- A) diamond mining in the Canadian Northwest.
- B) the exploitation of the Athabasca oil sands.
- C) hydro power production in Alberta.
- D) natural gas production in the Yukon.
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 328
Topic: Pathways to development
Skill: Recall
30) The following has hampered the redevelopment of several brownfield sites in Canada:
- A) confusion over jurisdictions
- B) inadequate technology and knowledge
- C) danger of human contamination
- D) lack of government concern
- E) slowdown in the real estate property market
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 329
Topic: Pathways to development
Skill: Applied
31) Unemployment rates in communities such as Trepassey, Newfoundland, may reach levels
- A) around 10 percent.
- B) around 20 percent.
- C) slightly above 40 percent.
- D) 50 percent.
- E) almost 60 percent.
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 329
Topic: Pathways to development
Skill: Recall
32) This example of a growth pole in British Columbia was once expected to become one of the province’s largest centres:
- A) Kelowna
- B) Kitimat
- C) Trail
- D) Fort St. John
- E) Dawson Creek
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 331-332
Topic: Pathways to development
Skill: Applied
33) It is believed that the overall effect of foreign direct investment on targeted regions is
- A) an increasing number of jobs.
- B) higher levels of productivity.
- C) rising levels of job security.
- D) increased wage equality.
- E) better quality of life for the majority of people.
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 332
Topic: Globalization and local economic development
Skill: Applied
34) Now that the world economy is much more globalized, the ability to acquire this resource is more important than ever before in determining the fortune of a region.
- A) knowledge
- B) energy sources
- C) raw materials
- D) cheap labour force
- E) international trade
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 333
Topic: Globalization and local economic development
Skill: Recall
35) The majority of Canada’s current transnational corporations grew up as
- A) aircraft and transport operations.
- B) mining companies.
- C) forestry companies.
- D) specialized services businesses.
- E) engineering consultant firms.
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 334
Topic: Globalization and local economic development
Skill: Recall
36) Which of the following events forced a major re-examination of corporate strategies in the 1970s?
- A) a recession triggered by a massive increase in the price of crude oil
- B) the Yom Kippur war of 1973 in the Middle East
- C) major economic slowdown as a consequence of the end of the Vietnam War
- D) high inflation associated to a strong growth in the global economy
- E) the collapse of oil prices resulting from dramatic economic slowdown
Answer: A
Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Ref: 334
Topic: Globalization and local economic development
Skill: Applied
37) Places that, in the globalized world economy, are able to generate powerful spirals of local economic development and also play a significant role in the reorganization of global space are known as
- A) power centres.
- B) growth poles.
- C) world cities.
- D) megalopolis.
- E) nodes of polarization.
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 346
Topic: Globalization and local economic development
Skill: Applied
38) By 1990, there was increased clustering of advertising agencies in
- A) Paris.
- B) Berlin.
- C) Milan.
- D) London.
- E) Brussels.
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 346
Topic: Globalization and local economic development
Skill: Recall
39) What could be produced at low cost by the labour of young women in peripheral countries in the early 1980s as an important component of the homogenization of consumer tastes?
- A) designer clothes
- B) sportswear
- C) leisure wear
- D) luxury shoes
- E) outdoor gear
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 335
Topic: Globalization and local economic development
Skill: Recall
40) The withdrawal of investments from activities and regions that yield low rates of profit to reinvest in new activities and places.
- A) foreign direct investment
- B) agglomeration cycles
- C) development effects
- D) brownfield development
- E) creative destruction
Answer: E
Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 326
Topic: Globalization and local economic development
Skill: Recall
41) In the nineteenth century, the clothing industry
- A) did not exist due to a lack of technological and transportational development.
- B) developed in the metropolitan areas of the semi-peripheral countries.
- C) developed in the metropolitan areas of the peripheral countries.
- D) developed in the metropolitan areas of the core countries.
- E) developed only in rural areas where land and labour were cheaper.
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 335
Topic: Globalization and local economic development
Skill: Recall
42) This European country is a highly specialized exporter of apparel.
- A) Germany
- B) United Kingdom
- C) Italy
- D) Spain
- E) Belgium
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 336
Topic: Globalization and local economic development
Skill: Recall
43) The largest company in the world with sales of more than US$250 billion in 2010.
- A) K-Mart
- B) Walmart
- C) Royal Dutch Shell
- D) Merrill Lynch
- E) Chevron
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 343
Topic: Globalization and local economic development
Skill: Recall
44) Islands and microstates that have become specialized nodes in the geography of worldwide financial flows are known as
- A) offshore financial centres.
- B) micro-banking sites.
- C) foreign direct investment centres.
- D) special economic zones.
- E) tax havens.
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 346
Topic: Globalization and local economic development
Skill: Recall
45) Which type of tourism was identified in a 2006 report as one of Canada’s unique strengths, whose development is a “top priority”?
- A) ecotourism
- B) nature tourism
- C) Aboriginal tourism
- D) sustainable tourism
- E) cruise ship tourism
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 350
Topic: Tourism and economic development
Skill: Recall
46) Which processes associated with a cornerstone concept of geography are deemed fundamental in creating demand for tourism in an area?
- A) processes of spatial interaction
- B) processes of diffusion
- C) processes of interaction
- D) processes of place making
- E) processes of distance decay
Answer: D
Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Ref: 348
Topic: Tourism and economic development
Skill: Applied
47) Which term, coined by a British sociologist, relates specifically to tourism as a social and cultural construct?
- A) place marketing
- B) conspicuous consumption
- C) the tourist gaze
- D) fair tourism
- E) the cultural landscape
Answer: C
Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Ref: 348
Topic: Tourism and economic development
Skill: Applied
48) This periphery country won high praise for having protected an exceptional share of its territory in biosphere and wildlife preserves.
- A) Costa Rica
- B) Kenya
- C) Guatemala
- D) French Guiana
- E) Zimbabwe
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 349-350
Topic: Tourism and economic development
Skill: Recall
49) Which of these is the most successful form of alternative tourism so far?
- A) cultural tourism
- B) ecotourism
- C) Aboriginal tourism
- D) adventure tourism
- E) industrial tourism
Answer: B
Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Ref: 349
Topic: Tourism and economic development
Skill: Applied
50) Geographically, the single most important feature of economic development is that it is uneven.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Type: TF Page Ref: 299
Topic: What economic development means
Skill: Applied
51) The measurement of GNI takes the value of GDP into consideration.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 3 Type: TF Page Ref: 299
Topic: What economic development means
Skill: Applied
52) The value of Canada’s per capita GNI is less than $30 000.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Type: TF Page Ref: 300
Topic: What economic development means
Skill: Recall
53) By 2015 China is expected to surpass Japan as the second largest market for consumer goods.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Type: TF Page Ref: 306
Topic: What economic development means
Skill: Recall
54) A high proportion of the world’s key raw materials is concentrated in Canada, Russia, the United States, China, and Japan.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Type: TF Page Ref: 308
Topic: What economic development means
Skill: Recall
55) In less developed countries, incidence of poverty is higher in rural areas.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Type: TF Page Ref: 305
Topic: What economic development means
Skill: Applied
56) The regional distribution of average personal income shows the continuing importance of staple production in the Canadian economy.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Type: TF Page Ref: 305
Topic: What economic development means
Skill: Applied
57) Cell phone technology has further marginalized the remote, rural communities of Canada.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Type: TF Page Ref: 310
Topic: What economic development means
Skill: Applied
58) Geology is the only factor that explains the concentration of known resources in just a few countries.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Type: TF Page Ref: 308
Topic: What economic development means
Skill: Recall
59) Secondary economic activities include retail and clerical services.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Type: TF Page Ref: 310
Topic: The economic structure of countries and regions
Skill: Recall
60) Canals were still being built in Britain at a time when they were being replaced by railroads in Canada and the United States.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 3 Type: TF Page Ref: 310
Topic: The economic structure of countries and regions
Skill: Applied
61) In peripheral countries a greater percentage of the labour force is engaged in primary and secondary activities than in tertiary and quaternary activities.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Type: TF Page Ref: 311
Topic: The economic structure of countries and regions
Skill: Applied
62) In Canada between 1991 and 2004, employment in goods-producing industries increased more quickly than in the service sector.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Type: TF Page Ref: 313
Topic: The economic structure of countries and regions
Skill: Recall
63) The Rostow model of stages of economic development perpetuates the myth of developmentalism.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 3 Type: TF Page Ref: 313
Topic: The economic structure of countries and regions
Skill: Applied
64) The assumptions of the Rostow model fit the experience of all regions of the world.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Type: TF Page Ref: 313
Topic: The economic structure of countries and regions
Skill: Applied
65) According to André Gunder Frank, backwardness in economic development is a condition created by integration into the worldwide capitalist system of exchange.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Type: TF Page Ref: 315
Topic: The economic structure of countries and regions
Skill: Recall
66) Among the basic assumptions of the Weber model is that the economic transactions occur on a topologic surface.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 3 Type: TF Page Ref: 320
Topic: Everything in its place: principles of location
Skill: Applied
67) In Weber’s model of industrial location, weight-losing industries are expected to locate closer to the market.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 3 Type: TF Page Ref: 320
Topic: Everything in its place: principles of location
Skill: Applied
68) Fixed social capital constitutes the infrastructure of society.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Type: TF Page Ref: 322
Topic: Everything in its place: principles of location
Skill: Applied
69) The concentration of important aeronautic industry firms in Montreal illustrates well the concept of localization economies.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Type: TF Page Ref: 322
Topic: Everything in its place: principles of location
Skill: Recall
70) Spread effects are the negative impacts on a region of the economic growth of some other region.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Type: TF Page Ref: 325
Topic: Pathways to development
Skill: Applied
71) In order to deter cars and ease traffic congestion, cars in London are charged $20 to enter the city.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Type: TF Page Ref: 330
Topic: Pathways to development
Skill: Recall
72) During the formation of regional economic core ancillary activities must be in place before forward linkages are created.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 3 Type: TF Page Ref: 321
Topic: Pathways to development
Skill: Applied
73) Import substitution does not allow a country to develop a spiral of cumulative causation.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Type: TF Page Ref: 301
Topic: Pathways to development
Skill: Applied
74) Alberta’s location in the Canadian hinterland mostly explains its relatively slow economic and demographic growth.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Type: TF Page Ref: 325
Topic: Pathways to development
Skill: Applied
75) Fort McMurray, a relatively peripheral community of Northern Alberta, is experiencing problems with housing and labour availability.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Type: TF Page Ref: 328
Topic: Pathways to development
Skill: Recall
76) In recent years, reliance on immigrant labour has allowed Montreal’s textile industry to compete with manufacturers in developing countries.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Type: TF Page Ref: 330
Topic: Pathways to development
Skill: Applied
77) The total amount of foreign direct investment is split almost evenly between core and non-core countries.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Type: TF Page Ref: 332
Topic: Globalization and local economic development
Skill: Recall
78) Chinese maquiladoras have been able to attract manufacturing away from the core countries.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Type: TF Page Ref: 341
Topic: Globalization and local economic development
Skill: Recall
79) New methods of manufacturing may lead transnational firms to shift some of their production back to core countries.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Type: TF Page Ref: 334
Topic: Globalization and local economic development
Skill: Applied
80) The most important banking, finance, and business services are concentrated in a few geographic areas; they are not spread relatively uniformly across core countries.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Type: TF Page Ref: 342
Topic: Globalization and local economic development
Skill: Applied
81) Ecotourism has had only positive effects.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Type: TF Page Ref: 349
Topic: Tourism and economic development
Skill: Recall
82) Most of the profits derived from Aboriginal tourism are re-invested in the communities where they are generated.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Type: TF Page Ref: 350
Topic: Tourism and economic development
Skill: Applied
83) Outline a few of the typical features of a community such as Trail, British Columbia. What are a few economic questions that may be raised while observing such a settlement?
Diff: 2 Type: ES Page Ref: 297
Topic: What economic development means
Skill: Recall
84) Briefly define economic development and the three specific types of changes involved.
Diff: 1 Type: SA Page Ref: 298
Topic: What economic development means
Skill: Recall
85) Explain the gross national income indicator of economic development. What are some advantages of using GNI, as compared to the more traditionally used GDP and GNP?
Diff: 2 Type: ES Page Ref: 299-300
Topic: What economic development means
Skill: Applied
86) Briefly describe the economic situation and geography of development in China since the Communist government began to dismantle central planning in favour of private entrepreneurship and the market mechanism.
Diff: 2 Type: SA Page Ref: 306-307
Topic: What economic development means
Skill: Recall
87) Briefly account for the way in which the value of territory as a resource may change over time, using the example of French Guiana.
Diff: 3 Type: SA Page Ref: 309
Topic: What economic development means
Skill: Applied
88) First give a detailed description of the basic assumptions and stages of Rostow’s model of economic development. Then analyze the strengths and weaknesses of the model.
Diff: 3 Type: ES Page Ref: 313-314
Topic: The economic structure of countries and regions
Skill: Applied
89) Discuss the purpose and structure of the United Nations Development Programme’s (UNDP) human development index (HDI). What has the index revealed about the geography of development and the specific issue of gender equality?
Diff: 3 Type: ES Page Ref: 301-303
Topic: What economic development means
Skill: Applied
90) Using a “point by point” approach, contrast the traditional approach to economic growth with one that integrates the goals of sustainable development.
Diff: 3 Type: ES Page Ref: 299
Topic: What economic development means
Skill: Applied
91) Outline Alfred Weber’s theory of industrial location, including the main premises, assumptions, and possible resulting patterns of location.
Diff: 2 Type: SA Page Ref: 320-321
Topic: Everything in its place: principles of location
Skill: Applied
92) Present the main critiques addressed to Alfred Weber’s theory of industrial location.
Diff: 3 Type: ES Page Ref: 320-321
Topic: Everything in its place: principles of location
Skill: Applied
93) While defining the concepts clearly, discuss agglomeration effects and external economies. Explain the three main ways in which external economies can be derived.
Diff: 3 Type: ES Page Ref: 321-322
Topic: Everything in its place: principles of location
Skill: Applied
94) Explain the process of cumulative causation. How does it illustrate initial local advantages being reinforced? What are some potential negative impacts?
Diff: 3 Type: ES Page Ref: 324-325
Topic: Pathways to development
Skill: Applied
95) Present and contrast the situations of Fort McMurray, Alberta, and Trepassey, Newfoundland, in order to illustrate the differences between places that are in areas of economic growth and those in areas of decline.
Diff: 2 Type: ES Page Ref: 328-329
Topic: Pathways to development
Skill: Applied
96) Present some facts which make Montreal a particularly relevant example of the effects of deindustrialization and economic restructuring in an old-core urban region.
Diff: 2 Type: SA Page Ref: 330
Topic: Pathways to development
Skill: Recall
97) First discuss the history of transnational corporations. Then describe why they have grown so large in size and scope. Why not concentrate manufacturing and production in one country? Use examples where helpful to illustrate your points.
Diff: 3 Type: ES Page Ref: 333-338
Topic: Globalization and local economic development
Skill: Applied
98) While explaining the specific advantages of this mode of operation, show how the auto industry constitutes a particularly good example of the advantages of a global assembly line.
Diff: 3 Type: ES Page Ref: 335
Topic: Globalization and local economic development
Skill: Applied
99) Present the basic characteristics (including advantages offered) of export processing zones.
Diff: 1 Type: ES Page Ref: 341
Topic: Globalization and local economic development
Skill: Recall
100) Describe “electronic offices” and present the ways they are currently used.
Diff: 2 Type: ES Page Ref: 342
Topic: Globalization and local economic development
Skill: Applied
101) Write a short essay where you use the textile industry to illustrate how the globalization of production has resulted in a complex set of commodity chains.
Diff: 3 Type: ES Page Ref: 33-337
Topic: Globalization and local economic development
Skill: Applied
102) How has Walmart been able to emerge as the world’s leading retailer? Discuss the positive and negative impacts of its innovative strategies.
Diff: 2 Type: ES Page Ref: 343-344
Topic: Globalization and local economic development
Skill: Applied
103) While presenting facts on geographical aspects, write an essay which explains the importance of tourism for Canada’s national and regional economies.
Diff: 2 Type: ES Page Ref: 346-349
Topic: Tourism and economic development
Skill: Recall
104) Present some of the advantages and disadvantages that have been associated with Aboriginal tourism in Canada.
Diff: 2 Type: ES Page Ref: 350
Topic: Tourism and economic development
Skill: Applied
105) Present some negative economic and environmental effects of the cruise ship industry.
Diff: 2 Type: ES Page Ref: 348-349
Topic: Tourism and economic development
Skill: Applied
