Introduction To International Disaster Management 3rd Edition by Damon P. Coppola – Test Bank A+

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Damon Coppola: Introduction to International Disaster Management, 3rd Edition

Chapter 6: Disaster Response

1. When are response efforts initiated?

1. Before a disaster occurs
2. During a hazard event
3. Immediately following a hazard event

*d. All of the above

1. Which of the following hazards generally gives emergency managers little lead time?

*a. Earthquakes

1. Drought
2. Cyclones
3. Wildfires

1. International aid is rarely deployed in advance of a disaster because of which of the following reasons?
2. Response agencies are often ill equipped to respond quickly enough to arrive before the disaster occurs.
3. International assistance tends to be inversely proportional to the perceived seriousness of the disaster.

*c. Governments wish to preserve an image of control.

1. None of the above

1. Search and rescue involves three interrelated functions, including the locating of victims, the extraction of victims, and which of the following?

1. The decontamination of the victim
2. Transportation to an adequate medical facility

*c. The provision of initial first aid medical care

1. All of the above

1. Which of the following performs the majority of search and rescue activities?

1. Trained local search and rescue teams
2. International response agencies

*c. Family members and bystanders

1. National government search and rescue teams

1. What is probably the greatest obstacle for international search and rescue team operations?

*a. Time delays in reaching the affected country caused by travel

1. Funding provided by their home country
2. Difficulty in recognizing that a disaster has actually occurred
3. Shortfalls in the effectiveness of search and rescue equipment

1. Mass casualty incidents are defined as which of the following?

1. Incidents where the number of victims exceeds the average number of victims normally encountered
2. Incidents where more people are killed than wounded

*c. Incidents where the number of victims overwhelms the capacity of local clinics or hospitals

1. All of the above

1. Triage is most closely associated with which of the following response functions?

1. Evacuation

*b. First aid medical treatment

1. Fatality management
2. Fire suppression

1. Which of the following must be identified by disaster managers in the planning phase of evacuation, long before the disaster happens?

1. Statutory authority
2. Effective routes of evacuation
3. Special needs groups

*d. All of the above

1. Situation assessments are also referred to as which of the following?

1. Response assessment
2. Needs assessment

*c. Damage assessment

1. Priority assessment

1. What must be conducted in order for damage and needs assessments to be useful?

1. Risk transfer
2. Warning

*c. Reporting

1. Accounting

1. In which of the following are affected people sampled in groups arranged geographically within the affected area, representative of the different geographic areas affected by the disaster?

1. Simple random sampling
2. Systematic random sampling
3. Stratified random sampling

*d. Cluster sampling

1. Which of the following types of reports builds upon information listed in the initial assessment to relay changes in the situation and needs?

*a. Interim report

1. Flash report
2. Technical report
3. Final report

1. Which of the following is an example of the response mechanism known as “treating the hazard”?

1. Teaching people how to escape the effects of a tsunami

*b. Containing a hazardous materials spill

1. Issuing a public warning
2. Equipping and opening a public shelter

1. On average, about how much water does a typical disaster victim need per day?

1. 1–5 liters

*b. 10–20 liters

1. 25–50 liters
2. 50–100 liters

1. Which of the following is also referred to as “wet” food distribution?

1. Take-home food distribution
2. Subsistence farming
3. Liquid dietary supplements

*d. Cafeteria-style meals

1. The CMR measures which of the following?

1. The amount of food required to feed the affected population
2. The size of the area affected by the disaster
3. The quality of water resources
4. The number of people who die each day

1. Which of the following is managed as part of sanitation operations in the response phase of a disaster?

1. Dust
2. Vector control
3. Collection and disposal of human waste

*d. All of the above

1. Which of the following is a coordination mechanism utilized by the United Nations, centered around response and recovery themes?

*a. The Cluster System

1. Programmatic Command and Control (PCC)
2. The Functional Focus
3. The Span of Control

1. Which of the following is not a component of the Incident Command System?

1. Planning
2. Operations
3. Logistics

*d. Mitigation

1. Which of the following is a task managed as a part of fatality management?

1. Identification of victims’ bodies
2. Search and recovery of corpses
3. Neither a nor b

*d. Both a and b

1. Sentinel surveillance is normally conducted as part of search and rescue operations.

1. True

*b. False

1. For many hazards, pre-hazard response may not be possible.

*a. True

1. False

1. Technology has been called the “silver bullet solution” to pre-disaster recognition.

1. True

*b. False

1. In the case of rapid onset disasters, the affected are not likely to know that a disaster has struck for quite some time.

1. True

*b. False

1. Untrained first responders performing search and rescue activities cause more lives to be lost than saved.

1. True

*b. False

1. It is the scale of the disaster that dictates the response.

*a. True

1. False

1. In the START system of triage, victims tagged with an “I” are in greater need of care than patients tagged with a “DEL”.

*a. True

1. False

1. When a disaster happens, the first priority of responders is limiting extensive property damage.

1. True

*b. False

1. The Incident Command System began as a way to better manage earthquakes in the United States.

1. True

*b. False

1. Evacuations are most effective when they are limited to only those areas facing risk.

*a. True

1. False

1. Food and shelter materials are the most appropriate donation in a majority of disasters.

1. True

*b. False

1. Organized mass feeding cannot begin until accurate assessments have taken place.

*a. True

1. False

1. It is possible to measure nutrition rates across whole populations of affected people by measuring the upper-arm circumference of young children.

*a. True

1. False

1. Covered stadiums, if soundly built, can provide adequate long-term shelter following a disaster.

1. True

*b. False

1. Long-term systems of shelter, also known as “camps,” are most effective if set up in a grid format.

1. True

*b. False

1. In most cases, the security needs of an affected area actually decrease following the disaster.

1. True

*b. False

1. Water that is left in a covered, protected container deteriorates over time.

1. True

*b. False

1. Most of the world’s poor countries are unable to coordinate well during large-scale disasters.

*a. True

1. False

1. The disaster declaration is a way for governments to acknowledge that response resources have become overwhelmed.

*a. True

1. False

1. The CNN effect has made recognition of disasters more difficult.

1. True

*b. False

1. When locating water sources to provide water for disaster victims, groundwater sources tend to be cleaner than surface water sources.

*a. True

1. False

Damon Coppola: Introduction to International Disaster Management, 3rd Edition

Chapter 7: Recovery

1. When is PEPPER performed?

1. During the disaster
2. After the emergency phase of the disaster is over

*c. Before the disaster

1. All of the above

1. Which of the following components of recovery may be planned before a disaster occurs?

*a. Site selection for the disposal of debris

1. Reconstruction work to be performed on damaged structures
2. Assessment of victim needs
3. None of the above

1. Which of the following are most appropriately labeled as “relief” actions?

1. Long-term recovery actions
2. Response actions
3. Mitigation actions

*d. Short-term recovery actions

1. Which of the following more appropriately describes post-disaster planning than pre-disaster planning?

1. Low-stress

*b. Realistic

1. Broadly focused
2. All of the above

1. Which of the following can a disaster manager do in order to ensure that new risk information is considered in recovery planning?

1. Withhold international recovery assistance

*b. Impose a temporary moratorium on new construction

1. Close community shelters as soon as possible
2. Provide hazard risk insurance

1. Which of the following does the recovery planning team require in order to have the power to enforce their actions and recommendations?

*a. Statutory authority

1. Full community representation
2. Funding
3. PEPPER

1. In many developing countries, where the knowledge, experience, and expertise required to lead the planning and operation of recovery does not exist at any level of government, these actions are most often assumed by which of the following?

*a. The United Nations

1. The Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance
2. Locally-based NGOs
3. None of the above

1. Which of the following cannot benefit from the purchase of insurance prior to a disaster?

1. Individuals
2. Businesses
3. Public entities

*d. None of the above

1. FONDEN and the Disaster Financial Assistance Arrangement are two examples of which of the following?

1. Disaster loans
2. Catastrophic bonds

*c. Reserve funds

1. None of the above

1. Why is it difficult for poor countries to maintain government-based emergency relief funds?

*a. Their budgets are not strong enough to support the funds

1. Their leaders do not support recovery planning.
2. It is forbidden by the international financial institutions.
3. All of the above

1. Material and service-based donations, other than cash, are known as which of the following?

*a. In-kind donations

1. Material donations
2. Gift donations
3. Bilateral donations

1. Which of the following describes contingent credit?

1. International financial institutions create special debit accounts, which do not need to be repaid, in order to allow disaster-affected countries faster access to cash.
2. National governments provide goods and services to disaster-affected countries under the assumption that these services will be reimbursed in cash at a later time.

*c. Governments pay creditors a regular periodic fee that guarantees them the right to draw down emergency funds in the event that a disaster occurs.

1. None of the above

1. The practice of using funds from a development loan that existed before a disaster to cover relief and recovery costs is called which of the following?

1. Embezzlement

*b. Loan diversion

1. Loan transfer
2. Disaster conveyance

1. CAT bonds do not need to be repaid if which of the following groups is affected by a major disaster?

1. The bond purchaser

*b. The bond issuer

1. Either the bond issuer or the bond purchaser
2. CAT bonds must always be repaid.

1. Who shoulders the majority of private development funding?

*a. Private businesses and individuals

1. Donor governments
2. The IMF and World Bank
3. Nongovernmental organizations

1. How much international humanitarian relief funding is provided on average each year?

1. $100 million
2. $1 billion

*c. $10 billion

1. $100 billion

1. When considering from where to draw personnel to conduct the recovery efforts following a disaster, which group should be assumed to have the greatest vested interest in the recovery outcome?

1. National government officials
2. Employees from the international nongovernmental organizations
3. The military

*d. The affected population

1. When donated clothes and food are significantly different than what is normally worn and eaten by the local population, what is likely to be at risk?

*a. Cultural loss

1. Economic loss
2. Leadership gaps
3. All of the above

1. What is described in this chapter to be the “greatest obstacle to disaster managers” in the recovery phase?

*a. The urge to return to “normal”

1. Cultural loss
2. Corruption
3. A shortage of locally based recovery workers

1. Which of the following groups is susceptible to inequity in relief?

1. The elderly
2. Immigrants
3. Children

*d. All of the above

1. Which of the following is an investment instrument that can be sold by farmers to cover their losses if lower than optimal rainfall results in low crop yields?

1. CAT bond
2. Contingency fund

*c. Weather derivative

1. Agricultural protection

1. The functions associated with disaster response are much more diverse than the functions associated with disaster recovery.

1. True

*b. False

1. Damage assessments from the response phase are rarely detailed enough to guide recovery actions.

*a. True

1. False

1. Cultural recovery may be facilitated by organizations from outside the community.

*a. True

1. False

1. Recovery plans more on specific actions and procedures than on broad goals and ideals.

1. True

*b. False

1. Short-term recovery actions do not often contribute directly to the actual long-term development of the community.

*a. True

1. False

1. For the recovery plans to address the demographic and socio-cultural needs and preferences of the community, all representative groups from within the community must be involved.

*a. True

1. False

1. Recovery actions may begin long before the disaster occurs.

*a. True

1. False

1. Considering the hardships victims endure in times of disaster, it is vital that the management of response activities not be placed in their hands.

1. True

*b. False

1. Generally, government-based emergency relief funds are created in anticipation of a future disaster, regardless of whether a similar disaster has happened before.

1. True

*b. False

1. Only the poor countries of the world have needed to call upon the philanthropy of the international community to supplement their recovery needs in times of disaster.

1. True

*b. False

1. The International Red Cross/Red Crescent Societies are the most common source of disaster-related loans to developing countries.

1. True

*b. False

1. Contingent credit programs are best for countries with a low risk for catastrophic disaster.

*a. True

1. False

1. The failure of buildings during a disaster event is proof that existing building codes are insufficient.

1. True

*b. False

1. Lenders may impose restrictions on borrowed money to ensure that reconstruction is performed to imposed risk reduction standards.

*a. True

1. False

1. Local recovery workers are more likely to suffer from recovery and reconstruction “burn-out” than imported workers.

1. True

*b. False

1. Disaster-related pollution cleanup is primarily a responsibility of the affected nation’s government.

*a. True

1. False

1. Housing reconstruction is most successful when it is performed by or with input from the recipient population.

*a. True

1. False

1. Moving the whole community out of a high-risk disaster area is a goal that has never been attained.

1. True

*b. False

1. Communities that were failing economically before a disaster happened tend to do much better after a disaster recovery operation is conducted.

1. True

*b. False

1. Tax increases are one of the many forms of incentives available to governments to attract external funding from other parts of the country, region, or world.

1. True

*b. False

1. Insurance is more common in the wealthy countries than in developing countries.

1. True

*b. False