Medical Language for Modern Health 3rd Edition by David Allan -Test Bank A+

Description

1. What does the root of the word nephrectomy refer to?
   A. Removal of
   B. Nephron
   C. Kidney
   D. Urine
   E. Glomerulus

1. The medical specialty that relates to diseases of the kidney is:
   A. Cytology
   B. Nephrology
   C. Cystology
   D. Histology
   E. Renalology

1. What is the term for the removal of metabolic waste?
   A. Excretion
   B. Excision
   C. Extracorporal
   D. Exophthalmos
   E. Export

1. Which of the following is NOT considered metabolic waste?
   A. Carbon dioxide
   B. Water
   C. Electrolytes
   D. Amino acids
   E. Nitrogenous compounds

Fill in the Blank Questions

1. This is produced when amino acid is broken down _____________________.

1. The hollow sac that holds fluids is _____________________.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Which of the following refers to the kidney?
   A. Islets of Langerhans
   B. McBurney point
   C. Fowler position
   D. Loop of Henle
   E. von Wilhelm disease

1. In the term peritubular, what does the prefix mean?
   A. Over
   B. Within
   C. Around
   D. Under
   E. Distant

1. What does the suffix in the word nitrogenous mean?
   A. Nitrogen
   B. One who studies
   C. Create
   D. Pertaining to
   E. Containing

Fill in the Blank Questions

1. Outer layer of an organ is _______________________.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What is the organ located on one side of the vertebral column, behind the peritoneum and the spleen and against the deep muscles of the back?
   A. Right kidney
   B. Pancreas
   C. Ureter
   D. Left kidney
   E. Gallbladder

1. The plural of the term cortex is:
   A. Cortices
   B. Cortexes
   C. Corteces
   D. Corti
   E. Cortises

1. What does the root of the word renal mean?
   A. Pertaining to
   B. Kidney
   C. Nephron
   D. Filtration
   E. Render in balanced

1. Which is NOT a function of the kidneys:
   A. Filter blood to eliminate wastes
   B. Regulate blood volume
   C. Maintain homeostasis
   D. Maintain cerebral spinal fluid
   E. Secrete the hormone erythropoietin

1. What is the medical term for a plexus of capillaries in the nephron?
   A. Hilum
   B. Brachial plexus
   C. Glomerulus
   D. Arterioles
   E. Bronchioles

1. What is the end product of nitrogen metabolism?
   A. Ammonia
   B. Urine
   C. Urea
   D. Nitrites
   E. Nitrates

1. Which vessel carries waste-laden blood to the kidney?
   A. Renal artery
   B. Renal vein
   C. Urethral artery
   D. Urethral vein
   E. Kidney artery

1. What is the process by which excess water and waste products are removed from the blood?
   A. Excretion
   B. Digestion
   C. Perfusion
   D. Filtration
   E. Reabsorption

1. What is the medical term for the part of an organ where vessels and nerves enter and leave?
   A. Hilum
   B. Portal
   C. Threshold
   D. Terminal
   E. Opening

Fill in the Blank Questions

1. An enzyme that causes vasoconstriction is _________________.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Which word has the Greek meaning of urinary canal?
   A. Urine
   B. Bladder
   C. Urethra
   D. Ureter
   E. Catheter

1. What are the three regions of the kidney?
   A. Cortex, medulla, and pelvis
   B. Cortex, parietal lobes, and hilum
   C. Medulla, nephron, and tubules
   D. Pelvis, bladder, and urethra
   E. Cortex, adenoma, and pelvis

1. What is the medical term for the filtration unit of the kidney?
   A. Pelvis
   B. Calyx
   C. Nephron
   D. Medulla
   E. Cortex

1. What is the correct spelling of the term that means inflammation of the canal leading from the bladder to the outside?
   A. Uretritis
   B. Ureteritis
   C. Urethritis
   D. Meatitis
   E. Cystitis

1. The external opening of a passage is called:
   A. Meatus
   B. Urethra
   C. Ureter
   D. Bladder
   E. Trigone

1. Where are nephrons located?
   A. In the cortex
   B. In the medulla
   C. In the glomerulus
   D. In the pelvis
   E. In the loop of Henle

1. What is the medical term for the fluid and dissolved substances that are excreted by the kidney?
   A. Exudates
   B. Filtrate
   C. Urine
   D. Urea
   E. Urate

1. What does the root of the word permeable mean?
   A. Pertaining to
   B. Able
   C. Process
   D. Permanent
   E. Pass through

1. What is the term for the funnel-shaped structure in the kidneys that forms into the ureter?
   A. The urinary bladder
   B. The renal pelvis
   C. The nephron
   D. The meatus
   E. The Bowman’s capsule

1. What does the suffix in the term urination mean?
   A. Process
   B. Elimination
   C. Waste product
   D. Pertaining to
   E. Condition

1. Approximately how many capillaries make up the glomerulus?
   A. 1000
   B. 750
   C. 3400
   D. 25
   E. 50

1. Which of the following terms has two prefixes?
   A. Semipermeable
   B. Reabsorption
   C. Nephrectomy
   D. Ammonia
   E. Urination

1. Which of the following items is NOT found in the filtrate that enters the renal tubule?
   A. Urea
   B. Glucose
   C. Electrolytes
   D. Plasma proteins
   E. Vitamins

Fill in the Blank Questions

1. A small stone is a __________________.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What mechanism is used in the kidneys to regulate blood volume and pressure?
   A. Excretion of urea
   B. Filtration of blood
   C. Elimination of water
   D. Reabsorption of vitamins
   E. Peristalsis in the urethra

1. What is the correct spelling of the plural form of calculus?
   A. Calculuses
   B. Calculi
   C. Calculum
   D. Calculae
   E. Calculie

1. What does the prefix in the term extracorporeal mean?
   A. Many
   B. Additional
   C. Around
   D. Outside
   E. Functional

Fill in the Blank Questions

1. The _____________ is the name of the muscular tube that carries urine from the renal pelvis to the urinary bladder.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What is the mechanism by which urine is moved downwards toward the urinary bladder?
   A. Capillary action
   B. Valves along the length of the ureter
   C. Muscular peristaltic waves
   D. External muscles squeezing on the local structures
   E. Free-water flush

1. Dilation of pelvis and calyces of a kidney is:
   A. Hydronephrosis
   B. Pyelonephritis
   C. Urethritis
   D. Curettage
   E. Atherosclerosis

1. Which of the following minerals contributes to the formation of kidney stones?
   A. Calcium chloride
   B. Sodium chloride
   C. Potassium sorbate
   D. Calcium oxalate
   E. Sodium hydroxide

Fill in the Blank Questions

1. Micturition is the passage of urine, also described as ____________ or _____________.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Proper pronunciation of the medical term lithotripsy is:
   A. LITH-a-trip-cee
   B. LITH-oh-trip-see
   C. Lith-oh-trup-tee
   D. Lith-OH-rip-cee
   E. LITH-oh-TRIP-tee

1. Choose the correctly spelled medical term.
   A. Micktutrition
   B. mictrition
   C. Micturition
   D. Mickterition
   E. micterition

1. Which of the following abbreviations has no relation to the urinary system?
   A. ER
   B. CKD
   C. UTI
   D. CAPD
   E. IVP

1. Which medical term means blood in the urine?
   A. Nephritis
   B. Pyelonephritis
   C. Incontinence
   D. Hematuria
   E. Dysuria

1. What does the suffix in the term hydronephrosis mean?
   A. Water
   B. Nephron
   C. Condition
   D. Within
   E. To remove

1. Crushing a renal stone by sound waves is:
   A. Nephrolithiasis
   B. Lithotomy
   C. Calculectomy
   D. Cholecystectomy
   E. Lithotripsy

1. What is the term for an instrument that generates sound waves?
   A. Generator
   B. Echogram
   C. Lithotripter
   D. Lithosounder
   E. Tripsillator

1. What is the medical term for an incision for removal of a stone?
   A. Nephrotomy
   B. Nephrectomy
   C. Lithonephrotomy
   D. Lithectomy
   E. Nephrolithotomy

1. What does the suffix in the term nephroscope mean?
   A. Kidney
   B. Nephron
   C. To view
   D. Instrument
   E. To discover

1. The usual treatment for pyelonephritis is:
   A. Kidney biopsy
   B. Antibiotic therapy
   C. Chemotherapy
   D. Hydrotherapy
   E. Nephrectomy

1. What does the root of the term reflux mean?
   A. Stomach
   B. Fluid
   C. Remove
   D. Go up and down
   E. Flow

1. Hypertension can cause what damaging effects on the kidney?
   A. The artery becomes sclerotic
   B. The renal tubules become contorted
   C. The renal arterioles become thickened and narrowed
   D. The Bowman’s capsule becomes congested
   E. The renal pelvis begins to fill with stones

1. What is the medical term that means characterized by intermittent contractions?
   A. Spasmodic
   B. Contractile
   C. Peristalsis
   D. Twitch
   E. Labor

1. What is the probable cause of secondary hypertension?
   A. Overproduction of glycogen
   B. Underproduction of erythropoietin
   C. Inhibition of angiotensin III
   D. Overproduction of rennin
   E. Osteoblastosis

1. What is a ureteroscope?
   A. An instrument for viewing the inside of the ureter
   B. An examination using fluoroscopy of the ureter
   C. A process of injecting dye for viewing of the ureter
   D. The examination of the ureter
   E. An instrument for exploring the internal organ of the renal system

1. Which of the following is NOT a sign or symptom of acute renal failure?
   A. Oliguria
   B. Tinnitus
   C. Anuria
   D. The cessation of urine production by the kidney
   E. A sharp decline in the production of urine

1. A lesion located anywhere in the renal system can cause which of the following?
   A. Urosepsis
   B. Renal stones
   C. Polyuria
   D. Anuria
   E. Hematuria

1. When end-stage renal disease occurs, the kidneys are functioning at less than what percent of normal capacity?
   A. 10% less
   B. 25% less
   C. 5% less
   D. 40% less
   E. 50% less

1. In microscopic hematuria, what does the urine look like?
   A. Bright red
   B. Yellow
   C. Amber
   D. Full of pus
   E. Red-tinged

1. What is the medical term for the artificial method of removing waste materials and excess fluid from the blood?
   A. Filtration
   B. Dialysis
   C. Lavage
   D. Curettage
   E. Incision and drainage

1. An agent that increases urine output is a(n):
   A. Antihistamine
   B. Glycoside
   C. Diuretic
   D. Serotonin re-uptake inhibitor
   E. Atropine

1. In the term diuresis, what does the suffix mean?
   A. To filter
   B. To encourage
   C. To pass
   D. Urine
   E. Condition

1. Which hollow, muscular organ is located on the floor of t the pelvic cavity, posterior to the pubic symphysis?
   A. Ureters
   B. Sigmoid colon
   C. Uterus
   D. Urinary bladder
   E. Appendix

1. Which of the following terms has a prefix that means between?
   A. Periodontal
   B. Proximal
   C. Interstitial
   D. Intramuscular
   E. Adductor

1. The female urethra opens to the outside of the body in a location that is:
   A. Posterior to the vagina
   B. Distal to the labia
   C. Superior to the clitoris
   D. Anterior to the vagina
   E. Posterior to the rectum

1. What does the suffix in the word nephropathy mean?
   A. Disease
   B. The study of
   C. The examination of
   D. Kidney
   E. To pass by

1. Involuntary micturition during sleep is called:
   A. Micturition reflex
   B. Detrusor muscle malfunction
   C. Enuresis
   D. Parasympathetic hypostimulation
   E. Meatus

1. A glomerular disease with marked loss of protein is:
   A. Hydronephrosis
   B. Interstitial nephritis
   C. Pyelonephritis
   D. Nephritic syndrome
   E. Encapsulitis

1. What is the name of the test in which contrast material is used to assess the blood flow to the kidney?
   A. Ultrasound imaging
   B. Cystoscopy
   C. Renal angiogram
   D. Retrograde pyelogram
   E. Urinalysis

1. Which of the following is NOT a cause of acute renal failure?
   A. Severe burns
   B. Toxins
   C. Diabetes
   D. Blood disorders
   E. Systemic infection

1. In the term pyelonephritis, what does the word element pyel/o refer to?
   A. Pelvis
   B. Condition
   C. Pus
   D. Kidney
   E. Infection

1. In the term nephroblastoma, what does the word element –blast refer to?
   A. Tumor
   B. Expansion
   C. To eliminate
   D. To remove
   E. Embryonic

1. What is the medical term for nitrogenous waste products in the blood?
   A. Implant
   B. Nitrourea
   C. Azotemia
   D. Urotoxic
   E. Anuria

1. The medical term for scanty urine production is:
   A. Oliguria
   B. Polyuria
   C. Anuria
   D. Hematuria
   E. Nocturia

1. The micturition reflex occurs when the bladder contains approximately how much urine?
   A. 150 milliliters
   B. 200 milliliters
   C. 10 ounces
   D. 150 liters
   E. 325 cubic centimeters

1. The correct spelling of the term that refers to the complex of symptoms arising from renal failure is:
   A. Uremia
   B. Anuria
   C. Urema
   D. Anurea
   E. Urotoxemia

1. What term, from the Latin, to empty, means to evacuate urine or feces?
   A. Afferent
   B. Efferent
   C. Void
   D. Reflex
   E. Motor

1. A muscle that encircles a tube or orifice is:
   A. Circumflex
   B. A sphincter
   C. Periorbital
   D. Perisacral
   E. A band

1. When bacteria invade and multiply in the urinary tract, what can result?
   A. UTI
   B. CABG
   C. ABG
   D. COPD
   E. BPH

1. What is the medical term for infection of the urinary bladder?
   A. Urethritis
   B. Nephritis
   C. Pyelonephritis
   D. Cystitis
   E. Ureteritis

1. Urinary incontinence results in:
   A. Loss of control of fluid intake
   B. The kidney excreting excessive urine
   C. Wet clothes
   D. Back and flank pain
   E. Sleeplessness

1. The type of incontinence that results because of sudden pressure on the lower stomach muscles is:
   A. Urge incontinence
   B. Stress incontinence
   C. Functional incontinence
   D. Overflow incontinence
   E. Situational incontinence

1. Kegel exercises strengthen what muscles?
   A. Lower abdominal
   B. Muscles of the pelvic floor
   C. Rhomboids
   D. Psoas
   E. Vastus lateralis

1. An enlarged prostate gland can cause:
   A. Urinary incontinence
   B. Bladder cancer
   C. Chronic urinary retention
   D. Pyelonephritis
   E. Chronic glomerulonephritis

1. What is the primary symptom of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder?
   A. Pain
   B. Nausea
   C. Incontinence
   D. Hematuria
   E. Hematemesis

1. Which of the following is NOT a method used to diagnose bladder cancer?
   A. UA
   B. ABG
   C. NMP22 Bladder Check
   D. IVP
   E. Cystoscopy

1. Which of the following is NOT included in a routine urinalysis test?
   A. Glucose level
   B. Presence of ketones
   C. Leukocyte esterase
   D. Presence of proteins
   E. Sedimentation rate

1. Which of the following is NOT a method of urine collection?
   A. Random
   B. Early morning
   C. Catheterization
   D. Venipuncture
   E. Clean-catch

Fill in the Blank Questions
91. Presence of sugar in the urine is called __________________.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Which of the terms is spelled correctly?
   A. Voyd
   B. Void
   C. Voyid
   D. Vuyde
   E. Voyde

1. The method of collection used to determine the amount of protein being excreted and to estimate the kidneys’ filtration ability is:
   A. Clean-catch
   B. Suprapubic transabdominal needle aspiration
   C. Early morning collection
   D. Twenty-four-hour collection
   E. Random collection

1. The most cost-effective method of screening urine is:
   A. KUB
   B. MRI
   C. Dipstick
   D. Culture & Sensitivity
   E. IVP

1. In the term suprapubic, the root word refers to:
   A. Pubis
   B. Pertaining to
   C. Above
   D. Below
   E. Condition

1. In the male, the urethra is 7 to 8 inches and passes through which part?
   A. Bladder
   B. Penis
   C. Rectum
   D. Ureter
   E. Kidney

1. Women are more prone more so than men to urinary tract infections (UTI) due to which cause?
   A. Longer urethra
   B. Urethra opens above the clitoris
   C. Urethra opens below the vagina
   D. Shorter urethra and opens to the surface near the anus
   E. No urethra

Fill in the Blank Questions

1. A donor organ to recipient is called ___________________.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Choose the correctly spelled medical term.
   A. Kegelle
   B. Kegele
   C. Keggle
   D. Kegel
   E. Kegale

1. Choose the correctly spelled medical term.
   A. Pilitis
   B. Pylitis
   C. Pyelitis
   D. Phylitis
   E. Pulitis

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What does the root of the word nephrectomy refer to?
   A.Removal of
   B. Nephron
   C. Kidney
   D. Urine
   E. Glomerulus

Nephrectomy, meaning surgical removal of a kidney, contains the following word elements: nephr/o, meaning kidney, and –ectomy, meaning surgical excision.

Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Est Time: 0-1 minute
Learning Outcome: 06-01
Learning Outcome: 06-02
Lesson Objective: 6.1.6

1. The medical specialty that relates to diseases of the kidney is:
   A.Cytology
   B. Nephrology
   C. Cystology
   D. Histology
   E. Renalology

Nephrology is the medical specialty that deals with diseases of the kidney.

Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Est Time: 0-1 minute
Learning Outcome: 06-01
Learning Outcome: 06-02
Lesson Objective: 6.1.6

1. What is the term for the removal of metabolic waste?
   A.Excretion
   B. Excision
   C. Extracorporal
   D. Exophthalmos
   E. Export

Excretion is the medical term meaning removal of waste products of metabolism out of the body. The term is from the Latin for remove.

Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Est Time: 0-1 minute
Learning Outcome: 06-01
Learning Outcome: 06-02
Lesson Objective: 6.1.2

1. Which of the following is NOT considered metabolic waste?
   A.Carbon dioxide
   B. Water
   C. Electrolytes
   D. Amino acids
   E. Nitrogenous compounds

Amino acids are not metabolic waste. Metabolic waste includes carbon dioxide, excess water and electrolytes, nitrogenous compounds.

Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Est Time: 0-1 minute
Learning Outcome: 06-01
Learning Outcome: 06-02
Lesson Objective: 6.1.2

Fill in the Blank Questions

1. This is produced when amino acid is broken down _____________________.
   Ammonia

In the body’s cells, protein is broken down into amino acids, when amino acids are broken down, ammonia is produced.

Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Est Time: 1-3 minutes
Learning Outcome: 06-01
Learning Outcome: 06-02
Lesson Objective: 6.1.2

1. The hollow sac that holds fluids is _____________________.
   Bladder

The bladder is a hollow sac that holds fluid such as urine, comes from the Old English.

Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Est Time: 1-3 minutes
Learning Outcome: 06-01
Learning Outcome: 06-03
Learning Outcome: 06-04
Lesson Objective: 6.1.1
Lesson Objective: 6.1.6

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Which of the following refers to the kidney?
   A.Islets of Langerhans
   B. McBurney point
   C. Fowler position
   D. Loop of Henle
   E. von Wilhelm disease

The loop of Henle is part of the renal tubule where reabsorption occurs. Friedrich Henle, 1809-1885, was a German anatomist, pathologist, and histologist. The other choices are valid eponyms but unrelated to the urinary system.

Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Est Time: 0-1 minute
Learning Outcome: 06-01
Learning Outcome: 06-02
Lesson Objective: 6.1.1

1. In the term peritubular, what does the prefix mean?
   A.Over
   B. Within
   C. Around
   D. Under
   E. Distant

Peritubular, meaning surrounding the small renal tubules, is composed of the prefix peri-, meaning around; the root tubul-, meaning small tube; and the suffix –ar, meaning pertaining to.

Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Est Time: 0-1 minute
Learning Outcome: 06-01
Learning Outcome: 06-02
Lesson Objective: 6.1.1

1. What does the suffix in the word nitrogenous mean?
   A.Nitrogen
   B. One who studies
   C. Create
   D. Pertaining to
   E. Containing

The suffix –ous means pertaining to.

Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Est Time: 0-1 minute
Learning Outcome: 06-01
Lesson Objective: 6.1.2

Fill in the Blank Questions

1. Outer layer of an organ is _______________________.
   cortex

The cortex is the outer layer of an organ. The renal cortex contains the nephrons, the basic filtration unit of the kidney.

Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Est Time: 1-3 minutes
Learning Outcome: 06-01
Learning Outcome: 06-02
Lesson Objective: 6.1.1
Lesson Objective: 6.1.2

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What is the organ located on one side of the vertebral column, behind the peritoneum and the spleen and against the deep muscles of the back?
   A.Right kidney
   B. Pancreas
   C. Ureter
   D. Left kidney
   E. Gallbladder

The kidney is located on one side of the vertebral column, behind the peritoneum and the spleen and against the deep muscles of the back. The kidney is a retroperitoneal organ.

Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Est Time: 0-1 minute
Learning Outcome: 06-01
Learning Outcome: 06-02
Lesson Objective: 6.1.1

1. The plural of the term cortex is:
   A.Cortices
   B. Cortexes
   C. Corteces
   D. Corti
   E. Cortises

The cortex, from Latin for tree bark, is the outer portion of the kidney. The plural of cortex is cortices.

Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Est Time: 0-1 minute
Learning Outcome: 06-01
Learning Outcome: 06-02
Lesson Objective: 6.1.1

1. What does the root of the word renal mean?
   A.Pertaining to
   B. Kidney
   C. Nephron
   D. Filtration
   E. Render in balanced

The root element of the term renal is ren-, meaning kidney, and the suffix –al means pertaining to.

Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Est Time: 0-1 minute
Learning Outcome: 06-01
Learning Outcome: 06-02
Lesson Objective: 6.1.1

1. Which is NOT a function of the kidneys:
   A.Filter blood to eliminate wastes
   B. Regulate blood volume
   C. Maintain homeostasis
   D. Maintain cerebral spinal fluid
   E. Secrete the hormone erythropoietin

Maintenance of cerebral spinal fluid is a function of the brain, the other options are all functions of the kidneys.

Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Est Time: 0-1 minute
Learning Outcome: 06-01
Learning Outcome: 06-02
Lesson Objective: 6.1.2

1. What is the medical term for a plexus of capillaries in the nephron?
   A.Hilum
   B. Brachial plexus
   C. Glomerulus
   D. Arterioles
   E. Bronchioles

The glomerulus is a plexus of capillaries in the nephron. In the cortex, the renal artery divides into smaller and smaller arterioles, each of which enters a nephron and divides into a network of approximately 50 capillaries, known as a glomerulus.

Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Est Time: 0-1 minute
Learning Outcome: 06-01
Learning Outcome: 06-02
Lesson Objective: 6.1.2
Lesson Objective: 6.1.3

1. What is the end product of nitrogen metabolism?
   A.Ammonia
   B. Urine
   C. Urea
   D. Nitrites
   E. Nitrates

Urea is the end product of nitrogen metabolism. Urea is a chemical compound and one component of urine. The word is derived from the Greek word for urine.

Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Est Time: 0-1 minute
Learning Outcome: 06-01
Learning Outcome: 06-02
Lesson Objective: 6.1.2

1. Which vessel carries waste-laden blood to the kidney?
   A.Renal artery
   B. Renal vein
   C. Urethral artery
   D. Urethral vein
   E. Kidney artery

The renal artery carries waste-laden blood to the kidney. It enters at the hilum.

Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Est Time: 0-1 minute
Learning Outcome: 06-01
Learning Outcome: 06-02
Lesson Objective: 6.1.1
Lesson Objective: 6.1.2
Lesson Objective: 6.1.3

1. What is the process by which excess water and waste products are removed from the blood?
   A.Excretion
   B. Digestion
   C. Perfusion
   D. Filtration
   E. Reabsorption

Filtration is the medical term for process by which excess water and waste products are removed from the blood. Filtrate entering the renal tubule contains water, urea, glucose, electrolytes, amino acids, and vitamins.

Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Est Time: 0-1 minute
Learning Outcome: 06-01
Learning Outcome: 06-02
Lesson Objective: 6.1.3

1. What is the medical term for the part of an organ where vessels and nerves enter and leave?
   A.Hilum
   B. Portal
   C. Threshold
   D. Terminal
   E. Opening

Hilum is the part where the nerves and blood vessels enter and leave an organ.

Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Est Time: 0-1 minute
Learning Outcome: 06-01
Learning Outcome: 06-02
Lesson Objective: 6.1.3

Fill in the Blank Questions

1. An enzyme that causes vasoconstriction is _________________.
   Renin

Renin is an enzyme secreted by the kidney that causes vasoconstriction.

Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Est Time: 1-3 minutes
Learning Outcome: 06-01
Learning Outcome: 06-02
Lesson Objective: 6.1.2

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Which word has the Greek meaning of urinary canal?
   A.Urine
   B. Bladder
   C. Urethra
   D. Ureter
   E. Catheter

Ureter is the Greek word for urinary canal and is a tube that connects the kidney to the urinary bladder.

Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Est Time: 0-1 minute
Learning Outcome: 06-01
Learning Outcome: 06-02
Lesson Objective: 6.1.4

1. What are the three regions of the kidney?
   A.Cortex, medulla, and pelvis
   B. Cortex, parietal lobes, and hilum
   C. Medulla, nephron, and tubules
   D. Pelvis, bladder, and urethra
   E. Cortex, adenoma, and pelvis

Each kidney has three regions: the cortex, medulla, and pelvis.

Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Est Time: 0-1 minute
Learning Outcome: 06-01
Learning Outcome: 06-02
Lesson Objective: 6.1.1

1. What is the medical term for the filtration unit of the kidney?
   A.Pelvis
   B. Calyx
   C. Nephron
   D. Medulla
   E. Cortex

Each kidney has about 1 million nephrons, the functional or filtration unit of the kidney consisting of a glomerulus and tubule.

Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Est Time: 0-1 minute
Learning Outcome: 06-01
Learning Outcome: 06-02
Lesson Objective: 6.1.1
Lesson Objective: 6.1.2

1. What is the correct spelling of the term that means inflammation of the canal leading from the bladder to the outside?
   A.Uretritis
   B. Ureteritis
   C. Urethritis
   D. Meatitis
   E. Cystitis

The urethra is the canal leading from the bladder to the outside. The suffix –itis in urethritis means inflammation. The meatus, from Latin for passage, is the external opening of the canal.

Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Est Time: 0-1 minute
Learning Outcome: 06-01
Learning Outcome: 06-03
Lesson Objective: 6.2.4

1. The external opening of a passage is called:
   A.Meatus
   B. Urethra
   C. Ureter
   D. Bladder
   E. Trigone

The meatus, from Latin for passage, is the external opening of the canal.

Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Est Time: 0-1 minute
Learning Outcome: 06-01
Learning Outcome: 06-02
Learning Outcome: 06-03
Lesson Objective: 6.2.2

1. Where are nephrons located?
   A.In the cortex
   B. In the medulla
   C. In the glomerulus
   D. In the pelvis
   E. In the loop of Henle

The nephrons are located in the outermost part of the kidney, called the cortex. The cortex is contained within the capsule. The medulla is the inner part of the organ, and the pelvis is part of the collection system draining the urine down through the ureters.

Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Est Time: 0-1 minute
Learning Outcome: 06-01
Learning Outcome: 06-03
Lesson Objective: 6.1.1

1. What is the medical term for the fluid and dissolved substances that are excreted by the kidney?
   A.Exudates
   B. Filtrate
   C. Urine
   D. Urea
   E. Urate

The fluid and dissolved substances that are excreted by the kidney are urine, from the Latin.

Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Est Time: 0-1 minute
Learning Outcome: 06-01
Learning Outcome: 06-02
Lesson Objective: 6.1.2

1. What does the root of the word permeable mean?
   A.Pertaining to
   B. Able
   C. Process
   D. Permanent
   E. Pass through

Permeable is composed of the following elements: perm/e-, to pass through (root) and –able, capable of (suffix). Permeable means allows passage of substances through a membrane.

Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Est Time: 0-1 minute
Learning Outcome: 06-01
Learning Outcome: 06-03
Lesson Objective: 6.1.2

1. What is the term for the funnel-shaped structure in the kidneys that forms into the ureter?
   A.The urinary bladder
   B. The renal pelvis
   C. The nephron
   D. The meatus
   E. The Bowman’s capsule

The renal pelvis is a funnel-shaped structure in the kidney that forms into the ureter. The word is derived from the Latin for basin.

Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Est Time: 0-1 minute
Learning Outcome: 06-01
Learning Outcome: 06-02
Learning Outcome: 06-03
Lesson Objective: 6.1.1

1. What does the suffix in the term urination mean?
   A.Process
   B. Elimination
   C. Waste product
   D. Pertaining to
   E. Condition

the suffix –ation, means process or action. Urination is the act of passing urine.

Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Est Time: 0-1 minute
Learning Outcome: 06-01
Learning Outcome: 06-03
Lesson Objective: 6.1.2

1. Approximately how many capillaries make up the glomerulus?
   A.1000
   B. 750
   C. 3400
   D. 25
   E. 50

There are approximately 50 capillaries, encased within a capsule, that comprises of the glomerulus.

Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Est Time: 0-1 minute
Learning Outcome: 06-01
Learning Outcome: 06-02
Learning Outcome: 06-03
Lesson Objective: 6.1.1

1. Which of the following terms has two prefixes?
   A.Semipermeable
   B. Reabsorption
   C. Nephrectomy
   D. Ammonia
   E. Urination

Reabsorption, meaning taking back into the blood substances that had previously been filtered out from it, contains the two prefixes: re-, meaning back, and ab-, meaning away from, in addition to the root, sorpt-, meaning swallow, and the suffix, –ion, meaning process.

Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Est Time: 0-1 minute
Learning Outcome: 06-01
Learning Outcome: 06-02
Learning Outcome: 06-03
Lesson Objective: 6.1.2

1. Which of the following items is NOT found in the filtrate that enters the renal tubule?
   A.Urea
   B. Glucose
   C. Electrolytes
   D. Plasma proteins
   E. Vitamins

Plasma proteins are too large to pass through the capillary membrane of the glomerulus, and they remain in the blood. The presence of plasma protein in urine is abnormal.

Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Est Time: 0-1 minute
Learning Outcome: 06-01
Learning Outcome: 06-02
Learning Outcome: 06-03
Lesson Objective: 6.1.2

Fill in the Blank Questions

1. A small stone is a __________________.
   calculus

Calculus, from Latin meaning pebble, is a small stone. Renal calculi can become lodged at different sites in the ureters.

Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Est Time: 1-3 minutes
Learning Outcome: 06-01
Learning Outcome: 06-06
Lesson Objective: 6.1.6

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What mechanism is used in the kidneys to regulate blood volume and pressure?
   A.Excretion of urea
   B. Filtration of blood
   C. Elimination of water
   D. Reabsorption of vitamins
   E. Peristalsis in the urethra

The kidney can regulate blood and volume and pressure by eliminating or conserving water as necessary.

Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Est Time: 0-1 minute
Learning Outcome: 06-01
Learning Outcome: 06-02
Learning Outcome: 06-03
Lesson Objective: 6.1.2

1. What is the correct spelling of the plural form of calculus?
   A.Calculuses
   B. Calculi
   C. Calculum
   D. Calculae
   E. Calculie

Calculi is the plural form of calculus, meaning small stone.

Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Est Time: 0-1 minute
Learning Outcome: 06-01
Learning Outcome: 06-03
Learning Outcome: 06-04
Lesson Objective: 6.1.5
Lesson Objective: 6.1.6

1. What does the prefix in the term extracorporeal mean?
   A.Many
   B. Additional
   C. Around
   D. Outside
   E. Functional

Extracorporeal, meaning outside the body, contains the following word elements: the prefix extra-, meaning outside, out of; the root corpor/e-, meaning body; and the suffix –al, meaning pertaining to.

Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Est Time: 0-1 minute
Learning Outcome: 06-01
Learning Outcome: 06-03
Lesson Objective: 6.1.1

Fill in the Blank Questions

1. The _____________ is the name of the muscular tube that carries urine from the renal pelvis to the urinary bladder.
   ureter

Each ureter is a muscular tube, about 10 inches long and ¼ inch wide, that carries urine from the renal pelvis to the urinary bladder.

Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Est Time: 1-3 minutes
Learning Outcome: 06-01
Learning Outcome: 06-02
Learning Outcome: 06-03
Lesson Objective: 6.1.1
Lesson Objective: 6.1.4

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What is the mechanism by which urine is moved downwards toward the urinary bladder?
   A.Capillary action
   B. Valves along the length of the ureter
   C. Muscular peristaltic waves
   D. External muscles squeezing on the local structures
   E. Free-water flush

Muscular peristaltic waves, originating in the renal pelvis, squeeze urine down the ureter and squirt it into the bladder.

Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Est Time: 0-1 minute
Learning Outcome: 06-01
Learning Outcome: 06-02
Lesson Objective: 6.1.3

1. Dilation of pelvis and calyces of a kidney is:
   A.Hydronephrosis
   B. Pyelonephritis
   C. Urethritis
   D. Curettage
   E. Atherosclerosis

Hydronephrosis is a condition of dilation of pelvis and calyces of a kidney.

Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Est Time: 0-1 minute
Learning Outcome: 06-01
Learning Outcome: 06-06
Lesson Objective: 6.1.5

1. Which of the following minerals contributes to the formation of kidney stones?
   A.Calcium chloride
   B. Sodium chloride
   C. Potassium sorbate
   D. Calcium oxalate
   E. Sodium hydroxide

Stones (calculi) begin in the pelvis of the kidney as a tiny grain of undissolved material, usually a mineral called calcium oxalate.

Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Est Time: 0-1 minute
Learning Outcome: 06-06
Learning Outcome: 06-07
Lesson Objective: 6.1.6

Fill in the Blank Questions

1. Micturition is the passage of urine, also described as ____________ or _____________.
   voiding or urination

The passage of urine can be described as urination, micturition, or voiding.

Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Est Time: 1-3 minutes
Learning Outcome: 06-06
Learning Outcome: 06-07
Lesson Objective: 6.2.1

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Proper pronunciation of the medical term lithotripsy is:
   A.LITH-a-trip-cee
   B. LITH-oh-trip-see
   C. Lith-oh-trup-tee
   D. Lith-OH-rip-cee
   E. LITH-oh-TRIP-tee

The proper pronunciation is LITH-oh-trip-see, the other choices have incorrect pronunciations.

Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Est Time: 0-1 minute
Learning Outcome: 06-03
Learning Outcome: 06-04
Lesson Objective: 6.1.5

1. Choose the correctly spelled medical term.
   A.Micktutrition
   B. mictrition
   C. Micturition
   D. Mickterition
   E. micterition

The correctly spelled term is micturition, meaning the passage of urine, voiding, or urinating.

Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Est Time: 0-1 minute
Learning Outcome: 06-03
Lesson Objective: 6.1.4

1. Which of the following abbreviations has no relation to the urinary system?
   A.ER
   B. CKD
   C. UTI
   D. CAPD
   E. IVP

ER is the abbreviation for emergency room and is not related to the urinary system, the other terms listed all have to do with the urinary system; CKD: chronic kidney disease; UTI: urinary tract infection; CAPD: continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis; IVP: intravenous pyelogram.

Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Est Time: 0-1 minute
Learning Outcome: 06-05
Lesson Objective: 6.1.6

1. Which medical term means blood in the urine?
   A.Nephritis
   B. Pyelonephritis
   C. Incontinence
   D. Hematuria
   E. Dysuria

The term hematuria means blood in the urine; the root word, hemat-, meaning blood and the suffix, –uria, meaning urine.

Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Est Time: 0-1 minute
Learning Outcome: 06-03
Learning Outcome: 06-04
Learning Outcome: 06-06
Learning Outcome: 06-07
Learning Outcome: 06-08
Lesson Objective: 6.1.5
Lesson Objective: 6.1.6

1. What does the suffix in the term hydronephrosis mean?
   A.Water
   B. Nephron
   C. Condition
   D. Within
   E. To remove

Hydronephrosis, meaning dilation of pelvis and calyces of a kidney, contains the suffix –osis, meaning condition, as well as the root/combining form nephr/o, meaning kidney, and the prefix hydro-, which means water. Hydronephrosis is the dilation of pelvis and calyces of a kidney.

Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Est Time: 0-1 minute
Learning Outcome: 06-03
Learning Outcome: 06-04
Lesson Objective: 6.1.5

1. Crushing a renal stone by sound waves is:
   A.Nephrolithiasis
   B. Lithotomy
   C. Calculectomy
   D. Cholecystectomy
   E. Lithotripsy

Lithotripsy means crushing stones by sound waves. A machine called a lithotripter produces shock waves that crumble the stone into small pieces that can pass down the ureter.

Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Est Time: 0-1 minute
Learning Outcome: 06-03
Learning Outcome: 06-04
Lesson Objective: 6.1.5

1. What is the term for an instrument that generates sound waves?
   A.Generator
   B. Echogram
   C. Lithotripter
   D. Lithosounder
   E. Tripsillator

A machine called a lithotripter generates sound waves that crumble the stone into small pieces that can pass down the ureter into the bladder for excretion.

Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Est Time: 0-1 minute
Learning Outcome: 06-03
Learning Outcome: 06-04
Lesson Objective: 6.1.5
Lesson Objective: 6.1.6

1. What is the medical term for an incision for removal of a stone?
   A.Nephrotomy
   B. Nephrectomy
   C. Lithonephrotomy
   D. Lithectomy
   E. Nephrolithotomy

Nephrolithotomy is an incision for removal of a renal stone. The meaning of the suffix –otomy is a surgical incision. The word nephrectomy has the suffix –ectomy, meaning surgical removal of an organ, in this case, the kidney.

Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Est Time: 0-1 minute
Learning Outcome: 06-03
Learning Outcome: 06-04
Learning Outcome: 06-07
Lesson Objective: 6.1.5
Lesson Objective: 6.1.6

1. What does the suffix in the term nephroscope mean?
   A.Kidney
   B. Nephron
   C. To view
   D. Instrument
   E. To discover

The suffix here is –scope, meaning an instrument for viewing. A nephroscope is a specialized endoscope to view the inside of the kidney.

Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Est Time: 0-1 minute
Learning Outcome: 06-03
Learning Outcome: 06-04
Lesson Objective: 6.1.5

1. The usual treatment for pyelonephritis is:
   A.Kidney biopsy
   B. Antibiotic therapy
   C. Chemotherapy
   D. Hydrotherapy
   E. Nephrectomy

Pyelonephritis requires aggressive antibiotic therapy. It is often the result of a UTI (urinary tract infection) that has spread from the bladder.

Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Est Time: 0-1 minute
Learning Outcome: 06-06
Lesson Objective: 6.1.6

1. What does the root of the term reflux mean?
   A.Stomach
   B. Fluid
   C. Remove
   D. Go up and down
   E. Flow

Reflux contains the root flux-, meaning flow, and the prefix re-, meaning back. Reflux is a backward flow.

Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Est Time: 0-1 minute
Learning Outcome: 06-03
Learning Outcome: 06-04
Learning Outcome: 06-07
Lesson Objective: 6.1.6

1. Hypertension can cause what damaging effects on the kidney?
   A.The artery becomes sclerotic
   B. The renal tubules become contorted
   C. The renal arterioles become thickened and narrowed
   D. The Bowman’s capsule becomes congested
   E. The renal pelvis begins to fill with stones

Hypertension, or high blood pressure, can damage the renal arterioles and glomeruli, causing them to thicken and narrow. This reduces their capability to remove wastes and excess water, which can cause the blood pressure to rise even more. If the cause of hypertension is not known, it is called primary (or essential) hypertension.

Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Est Time: 0-1 minute
Learning Outcome: 06-06
Lesson Objective: 6.1.6

1. What is the medical term that means characterized by intermittent contractions?
   A.Spasmodic
   B. Contractile
   C. Peristalsis
   D. Twitch
   E. Labor

Spasmodic is the medical term meaning characterized by intermittent spasms or contractions.

Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Est Time: 0-1 minute
Learning Outcome: 06-01
Learning Outcome: 06-02
Learning Outcome: 06-03
Learning Outcome: 06-04
Lesson Objective: 6.1.6

1. What is the probable cause of secondary hypertension?
   A.Overproduction of glycogen
   B. Underproduction of erythropoietin
   C. Inhibition of angiotensin III
   D. Overproduction of rennin
   E. Osteoblastosis

Secondary hypertension can be caused by overproduction of rennin. If blood pressure falls in the kidney so that blood flow decreases, renin is produced and leads to widespread contraction of arterioles, which raises arterial pressure throughout the body. Contrast this type of hypertension with primary hypertension. If the cause of hypertension is not known, it is called primary (or essential, or even idiopathic).

Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Est Time: 0-1 minute
Learning Outcome: 06-06
Learning Outcome: 06-07
Lesson Objective: 6.1.6

1. What is a ureteroscope?
   A.An instrument for viewing the inside of the ureter
   B. An examination using fluoroscopy of the ureter
   C. A process of injecting dye for viewing of the ureter
   D. The examination of the ureter
   E. An instrument for exploring the internal organ of the renal system

The suffix in ureteroscope is –scope, meaning an instrument for viewing. A ureteroscope is a specialized endoscope for viewing inside of a ureter. The examination of the ureter is ureteroscopy, with a soft “o” between the two word elements.

Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Est Time: 0-1 minute
Learning Outcome: 06-06
Learning Outcome: 06-07
Lesson Objective: 6.1.1

1. Which of the following is NOT a sign or symptom of acute renal failure?
   A.Oliguria
   B. Tinnitus
   C. Anuria
   D. The cessation of urine production by the kidney
   E. A sharp decline in the production of urine

Acute renal failure (ARF) may have many causes. ARF makes the kidneys suddenly stop filtering waste products from the blood. The signs and symptoms can include oliguria, anuria, confusion, seizures, and coma. Tinnitus, a ringing of the ears, is not a sign or symptom of this disorder.

Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Est Time: 0-1 minute
Learning Outcome: 06-06
Learning Outcome: 06-07
Lesson Objective: 6.1.6

1. A lesion located anywhere in the renal system can cause which of the following?
   A.Urosepsis
   B. Renal stones
   C. Polyuria
   D. Anuria
   E. Hematuria

Hematuria, blood in the urine, can be caused by lesions anywhere in the urinary system; causes of lesions include trauma (including long-distance running), infections, medications, and congenital diseases.

Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Est Time: 0-1 minute
Learning Outcome: 06-03
Learning Outcome: 06-04
Learning Outcome: 06-06
Learning Outcome: 06-07
Learning Outcome: 06-08
Lesson Objective: 6.1.5
Lesson Objective: 6.1.6

1. When end-stage renal disease occurs, the kidneys are functioning at less than what percent of normal capacity?
   A.10% less
   B. 25% less
   C. 5% less
   D. 40% less
   E. 50% less

End-stage renal disease (ESRD) means the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of their normal capacity. At this point, life cannot be sustained, and either dialysis or a kidney transplant is needed.

Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Est Time: 0-1 minute
Learning Outcome: 06-06
Learning Outcome: 06-07
Lesson Objective: 6.1.5
Lesson Objective: 6.1.6

1. In microscopic hematuria, what does the urine look like?
   A.Bright red
   B. Yellow
   C. Amber
   D. Full of pus
   E. Red-tinged

Urine is normally pale yellow. In microscopic hematuria, the urine is yellow, not red, and red blood cells can be seen only under a microscope or identified by a urine dipstick.

Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Est Time: 0-1 minute
Learning Outcome: 06-08
Learning Outcome: 06-09
Learning Outcome: 06-10
Lesson Objective: 6.1.6

1. What is the medical term for the artificial method of removing waste materials and excess fluid from the blood?
   A.Filtration
   B. Dialysis
   C. Lavage
   D. Curettage
   E. Incision and drainage

Dialysis is an artificial method of removing waste materials and excess fluid from the blood. It is not a cure but can prolong life. There are several types of kidney dialysis.

Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Est Time: 0-1 minute
Learning Outcome: 06-06
Learning Outcome: 06-07
Lesson Objective: 6.1.6

1. An agent that increases urine output is a(n):
   A.Antihistamine
   B. Glycoside
   C. Diuretic
   D. Serotonin re-uptake inhibitor
   E. Atropine

A diuretic is an agent that increases urine output. Diuretics may be used to treat peripheral edema, congestive heart disease, hypertension, and many other disorders. Diuretics have their effect on the urinary system, typically by inhibiting tubular reabsorption.

Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Est Time: 0-1 minute
Learning Outcome: 06-06
Learning Outcome: 06-07
Lesson Objective: 6.1.5
Lesson Objective: 6.1.6

1. In the term diuresis, what does the suffix mean?
   A.To filter
   B. To encourage
   C. To pass
   D. Urine
   E. Condition

The suffix in dieresis is –esis, meaning an abnormal condition. The root ur- refers to the urinary system.

Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Est Time: 0-1 minute
Learning Outcome: 06-03
Learning Outcome: 06-06
Learning Outcome: 06-07
Lesson Objective: 6.1.6

1. Which hollow, muscular organ is located on the floor of t the pelvic cavity, posterior to the pubic symphysis?
   A.Ureters
   B. Sigmoid colon
   C. Uterus
   D. Urinary bladder
   E. Appendix

The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular organ on the floor of the pelvic cavity, posterior to the pubic symphysis. When the bladder is distended, it rises upward and can be palpated above the pubic symphysis.

Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Est Time: 0-1 minute
Learning Outcome: 06-01
Learning Outcome: 06-02
Lesson Objective: 6.2.1

1. Which of the following terms has a prefix that means between?
   A.Periodontal
   B. Proximal
   C. Interstitial
   D. Intramuscular
   E. Adductor

Inter- is the prefix that means between, where asintra- means within.

Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Est Time: 0-1 minute
Learning Outcome: 06-03
Learning Outcome: 06-06
Lesson Objective: 6.1.6

1. The female urethra opens to the outside of the body in a location that is:
   A.Posterior to the vagina
   B. Distal to the labia
   C. Superior to the clitoris
   D. Anterior to the vagina
   E. Posterior to the rectum

The female urethra opens to the outside of the body in a location that is anterior to the vagina. In the female, the urethra is only about 1.5 inches long.

Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Est Time: 0-1 minute
Learning Outcome: 06-01
Learning Outcome: 06-02
Lesson Objective: 6.2.1
Lesson Objective: 6.2.2

1. What does the suffix in the word nephropathy mean?
   A.Disease
   B. The study of
   C. The examination of
   D. Kidney
   E. To pass by

The suffix of the word nephropathy is –pathy, meaning disease. A nephropathy is any disease of the kidney.

Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Est Time: 0-1 minute
Learning Outcome: 06-03
Learning Outcome: 06-06
Learning Outcome: 06-07
Lesson Objective: 6.1.5
Lesson Objective: 6.1.6

1. Involuntary micturition during sleep is called:
   A.Micturition reflex
   B. Detrusor muscle malfunction
   C. Enuresis
   D. Parasympathetic hypostimulation
   E. Meatus

Enuresis is involuntary micturition during sleep in older children or adults and is a type of urinary incontinence.

Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Est Time: 0-1 minute
Learning Outcome: 06-01
Learning Outcome: 06-02
Learning Outcome: 06-06
Lesson Objective: 6.2.4

1. A glomerular disease with marked loss of protein is:
   A.Hydronephrosis
   B. Interstitial nephritis
   C. Pyelonephritis
   D. Nephritic syndrome
   E. Encapsulitis

Nephrotic syndrome involves large amounts of protein leaking out into the urine, so the level of protein in the blood falls. Normally, protein does not pass into the urine from the glomerulus. In children nephritic syndrome nearly always responds to treatment with steroids.

Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Est Time: 0-1 minute
Learning Outcome: 06-06
Learning Outcome: 06-07
Learning Outcome: 06-08
Lesson Objective: 6.1.6

1. What is the name of the test in which contrast material is used to assess the blood flow to the kidney?
   A.Ultrasound imaging
   B. Cystoscopy
   C. Renal angiogram
   D. Retrograde pyelogram
   E. Urinalysis

In a renal angiogram, X-rays with contrast material are used to assess blood flow to the kidneys. In a retrograde pyelogram, contrast material is injected through a urinary catheter into the ureters to locate stones and other obstructions.

Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Est Time: 0-1 minute
Learning Outcome: 06-08
Learning Outcome: 06-09
Lesson Objective: 6.1.6

1. Which of the following is NOT a cause of acute renal failure?
   A.Severe burns
   B. Toxins
   C. Diabetes
   D. Blood disorders
   E. Systemic infection

Diabetes type I and type 2 can lead to chronic renal failure. All other choices are causes of acute renal failure.

Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Est Time: 0-1 minute
Learning Outcome: 06-06
Learning Outcome: 06-07
Lesson Objective: 6.1.6

1. In the term pyelonephritis, what does the word element pyel/o refer to?
   A.Pelvis
   B. Condition
   C. Pus
   D. Kidney
   E. Infection

Pyel/o- is the combining form meaning renal pelvis. Pyelonephritis is an infection of the renal pelvis that requires aggressive antibiotic therapy. It is often the result of a UTI (urinary tract infection) that has spread from the bladder.

Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Est Time: 0-1 minute
Learning Outcome: 06-03
Learning Outcome: 06-06
Learning Outcome: 06-07
Lesson Objective: 6.1.6

1. In the term nephroblastoma, what does the word element –blast refer to?
   A.Tumor
   B. Expansion
   C. To eliminate
   D. To remove
   E. Embryonic

Nephroblastoma is a cancerous kidney tumor of childhood. Blast- is the root element meaning embryonic, immature cell. Another name for this disorder is Wilms tumor.

Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Est Time: 0-1 minute
Learning Outcome: 06-03
Learning Outcome: 06-06
Learning Outcome: 06-07
Lesson Objective: 6.1.6

1. What is the medical term for nitrogenous waste products in the blood?
   A.Implant
   B. Nitrourea
   C. Azotemia
   D. Urotoxic
   E. Anuria

Azotemia is the buildup of nitrogenous waste products in the blood.

Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Est Time: 0-1 minute
Learning Outcome: 06-06
Learning Outcome: 06-07
Lesson Objective: 6.1.6

1. The medical term for scanty urine production is:
   A.Oliguria
   B. Polyuria
   C. Anuria
   D. Hematuria
   E. Nocturia

Oliguria, meaning scanty urine production, contains the following word elements: the prefix olig-, meaning scanty, and the root word –uria, meaning urine.

Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Est Time: 0-1 minute
Learning Outcome: 06-06
Learning Outcome: 06-07
Lesson Objective: 6.1.5
Lesson Objective: 6.1.6

1. The micturition reflex occurs when the bladder contains approximately how much urine?
   A.150 milliliters
   B. 200 milliliters
   C. 10 ounces
   D. 150 liters
   E. 325 cubic centimeters

When the bladder contains about 200 mL (milliliters) of urine, stretch receptors in its wall trigger the micturition reflex. 200 mL is about 200 cc, 0.2 liters, or 6.7 oz.

Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Est Time: 0-1 minute
Learning Outcome: 06-01
Learning Outcome: 06-02
Lesson Objective: 6.2.1

1. The correct spelling of the term that refers to the complex of symptoms arising from renal failure is:
   A.Uremia
   B. Anuria
   C. Urema
   D. Anurea
   E. Urotoxemia

The complex of symptoms arising from renal failure is uremia, from the root ur-, meaning urine, and the suffix –emia meaning a blood collection.

Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Est Time: 0-1 minute
Learning Outcome: 06-01
Learning Outcome: 06-06
Lesson Objective: 6.1.6

1. What term, from the Latin, to empty, means to evacuate urine or feces?
   A.Afferent
   B. Efferent
   C. Void
   D. Reflex
   E. Motor

Derived from the Latin word for to empty, void is the medical term meaning to evacuate urine or feces.

Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Est Time: 0-1 minute
Learning Outcome: 06-01
Learning Outcome: 06-02
Learning Outcome: 06-04
Learning Outcome: 06-06
Lesson Objective: 6.2.1

1. A muscle that encircles a tube or orifice is:
   A.Circumflex
   B. A sphincter
   C. Periorbital
   D. Perisacral
   E. A band

Derived from the Greek word for a band, a sphincter is a band of muscle that encircles a tube or orifice; when it contracts, the opening squeezes closed. Sphincters are generally composed of smooth, involuntary muscle, but some also have skeletal muscle as well, allowing a degree of voluntary control, for example, to hold back the voiding of feces or urine.

Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Est Time: 0-1 minute
Learning Outcome: 06-01
Learning Outcome: 06-02
Learning Outcome: 06-03
Learning Outcome: 06-06
Lesson Objective: 6.2.1

1. When bacteria invade and multiply in the urinary tract, what can result?
   A.UTI
   B. CABG
   C. ABG
   D. COPD
   E. BPH

A urinary tract infection (UTI) occurs when bacteria invade and multiply in the urinary tract. The portal of entry for the bacteria is through the urethra.

Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Est Time: 0-1 minute
Learning Outcome: 06-06
Learning Outcome: 06-07
Lesson Objective: 6.2.1

1. What is the medical term for infection of the urinary bladder?
   A.Urethritis
   B. Nephritis
   C. Pyelonephritis
   D. Cystitis
   E. Ureteritis

Infection of the urinary bladder is cystitis, infection of the urethra is urethritis, pyelonephritis is an infection of the renal pelvis, nephritis is the infection of the kidney, and ureteritis is an infection of a ureter.

Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Est Time: 0-1 minute
Learning Outcome: 06-06
Learning Outcome: 06-07
Lesson Objective: 6.2.1
Lesson Objective: 6.2.4

1. Urinary incontinence results in:
   A.Loss of control of fluid intake
   B. The kidney excreting excessive urine
   C. Wet clothes
   D. Back and flank pain
   E. Sleeplessness

Loss of control of the bladder is called urinary incontinence. The result is wet clothes. About 12 million adults in America have urinary incontinence. It is most common in women over the age of 50 years.

Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Est Time: 0-1 minute
Learning Outcome: 06-06
Learning Outcome: 06-07
Lesson Objective: 6.2.4

1. The type of incontinence that results because of sudden pressure on the lower stomach muscles is:
   A.Urge incontinence
   B. Stress incontinence
   C. Functional incontinence
   D. Overflow incontinence
   E. Situational incontinence

In stress incontinence, urine leaks because of sudden pressure on the lower stomach muscles caused by coughing, laughing, sneezing, lifting something heavy, or exercise. It is most common in women, with previous pregnancy and childbirth being risk factors.

Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Est Time: 0-1 minute
Learning Outcome: 06-06
Learning Outcome: 06-07
Lesson Objective: 6.2.4

1. Kegel exercises strengthen what muscles?
   A.Lower abdominal
   B. Muscles of the pelvic floor
   C. Rhomboids
   D. Psoas
   E. Vastus lateralis

Kegel exercises strengthen the muscles of the pelvic floor and may be useful in treating certain types of urinary incontinence.

Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Est Time: 0-1 minute
Learning Outcome: 06-06
Learning Outcome: 06-07
Lesson Objective: 6.2.1
Lesson Objective: 6.2.2

1. An enlarged prostate gland can cause:
   A.Urinary incontinence
   B. Bladder cancer
   C. Chronic urinary retention
   D. Pyelonephritis
   E. Chronic glomerulonephritis

Urinary retention is the abnormal, involuntary holding of urine in the bladder. Chronic retention can be caused by untreated obstructions in the urinary tract, such as an enlarged prostate.

Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Est Time: 0-1 minute
Learning Outcome: 06-06
Learning Outcome: 06-07
Lesson Objective: 6.2.2
Lesson Objective: 6.2.4

1. What is the primary symptom of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder?
   A.Pain
   B. Nausea
   C. Incontinence
   D. Hematuria
   E. Hematemesis

A primary symptom of bladder cancer is hematuria, transitional cell carcinoma is the most common type of bladder cancer, arising in the transitional cells of the lining of the bladder.

Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Est Time: 0-1 minute
Learning Outcome: 06-06
Learning Outcome: 06-07
Lesson Objective: 6.2.4

1. Which of the following is NOT a method used to diagnose bladder cancer?
   A.UA
   B. ABG
   C. NMP22 Bladder Check
   D. IVP
   E. Cystoscopy

ABG stands for arterial blood gas. This test is of no value in screening for or diagnosing bladder cancer. All other choices are valid diagnostic tests often used to screen and diagnose this disease.

Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Est Time: 0-1 minute
Learning Outcome: 06-05
Learning Outcome: 06-06
Learning Outcome: 06-07
Lesson Objective: 6.2.4

1. Which of the following is NOT included in a routine urinalysis test?
   A.Glucose level
   B. Presence of ketones
   C. Leukocyte esterase
   D. Presence of proteins
   E. Sedimentation rate

The sedimentation rate is a lab test requiring specialized equipment, is typically performed on a blood sample and is never part of a routine urinalysis.

Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Est Time: 0-1 minute
Learning Outcome: 06-08
Learning Outcome: 06-09
Lesson Objective: 6.2.4

1. Which of the following is NOT a method of urine collection?
   A.Random
   B. Early morning
   C. Catheterization
   D. Venipuncture
   E. Clean-catch

Venipuncture is the procedure of drawing blood via vein, all the other methods listed are appropriate for urine collecting.

Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Est Time: 0-1 minute
Learning Outcome: 06-10
Learning Outcome: 06-11
Lesson Objective: 6.2.4

Fill in the Blank Questions

1. Presence of sugar in the urine is called __________________.
   glycosuria

The presence of sugar in the urine is called glycosuria.

Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Est Time: 1-3 minutes
Learning Outcome: 06-09
Learning Outcome: 06-10
Lesson Objective: 6.2.4

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Which of the terms is spelled correctly?
   A.Voyd
   B. Void
   C. Voyid
   D. Vuyde
   E. Voyde

The correct spelled term is void, meaning to urinate or pass urine, act of micturition.

Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Est Time: 0-1 minute
Learning Outcome: 06-03
Lesson Objective: 6.1.4

1. The method of collection used to determine the amount of protein being excreted and to estimate the kidneys’ filtration ability is:
   A.Clean-catch
   B. Suprapubic transabdominal needle aspiration
   C. Early morning collection
   D. Twenty-four-hour collection
   E. Random collection

The method of collection used to determine the amount of protein being excreted and to estimate the kidneys’ filtration ability is a twenty-four-hour collection. The other choices are all methods of collection; however, the other ones have different purposes.

Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Est Time: 0-1 minute
Learning Outcome: 06-10
Lesson Objective: 6.1.6

1. The most cost-effective method of screening urine is:
   A.KUB
   B. MRI
   C. Dipstick
   D. Culture & Sensitivity
   E. IVP

The dipstick is the most cost-effective method of screening urine. Dipsticks can screen for pH, specific gravity, protein, blood, glucose, ketones, bilirubin, nitrite, and leukocyte esterase. The other choices are diagnostic testing for different conditions of the kidneys, bladder, and urinary tract.

Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Est Time: 0-1 minute
Learning Outcome: 06-08
Learning Outcome: 06-09
Lesson Objective: 6.1.6

1. In the term suprapubic, the root word refers to:
   A.Pubis
   B. Pertaining to
   C. Above
   D. Below
   E. Condition

Suprapubic means above the symphysis pubis, the root word, pub-, means pubis; suffix –ic, means pertaining to; prefix sub- means above.

Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Est Time: 0-1 minute
Learning Outcome: 06-03
Lesson Objective: 6.2.1

1. In the male, the urethra is 7 to 8 inches and passes through which part?
   A.Bladder
   B. Penis
   C. Rectum
   D. Ureter
   E. Kidney

In the male, the urethra is longer than the female’s, is 7 to 8 inches long and passes through the penis to the outside.

Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Est Time: 0-1 minute
Learning Outcome: 06-01
Learning Outcome: 06-02
Lesson Objective: 6.2.2

1. Women are more prone more so than men to urinary tract infections (UTI) due to which cause?
   A.Longer urethra
   B. Urethra opens above the clitoris
   C. Urethra opens below the vagina
   D. Shorter urethra and opens to the surface near the anus
   E. No urethra

It is because the female urethra is shorter and opens to the surface near the anus, bacteria from the GI (gastrointestinal) tract, can more easily invade the female urethra, therefore why women are more prone than men to UTIs.

Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Est Time: 0-1 minute
Learning Outcome: 06-06
Learning Outcome: 06-07
Lesson Objective: 6.2.3

Fill in the Blank Questions

1. A donor organ to recipient is called ___________________.
   transplant

A transplant is the act of transferring tissue from one person to another, an organ transferred to another person is also called a transplant.

Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Est Time: 1-3 minutes
Learning Outcome: 06-03
Learning Outcome: 06-07
Lesson Objective: 6.1.5
Lesson Objective: 6.1.6

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Choose the correctly spelled medical term.
   A.Kegelle
   B. Kegele
   C. Keggle
   D. Kegel
   E. Kegale

The correctly spelled term is Kegel.

Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Est Time: 0-1 minute
Learning Outcome: 06-03
Lesson Objective: 6.1.5
Lesson Objective: 6.1.6

1. Choose the correctly spelled medical term.
   A.Pilitis
   B. Pylitis
   C. Pyelitis
   D. Phylitis
   E. Pulitis

The correctly spelled term is pyelitis, meaning inflammation of the renal pelvis.

Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Est Time: 0-1 minute
Learning Outcome: 06-03
Learning Outcome: 06-06
Learning Outcome: 06-07
Lesson Objective: 6.2.4

Chapter 7

Multiple Choice Questions

1. The word which comes from the Latin meaning to twist and refers to the act or result of twisting is
   A. gonad
   B. raphe
   C. ductus
   D. torsion
   E. testis

1. The word which refers to the ovary or testis and is derived from the Greek meaning seed is
   A. semen
   B. genital
   C. gonad
   D. epididymis
   E. bulbourethral

1. Which of the following words means pertaining to a sheath?
   A. Seminal
   B. Testicular
   C. Ejaculatory
   D. Vaginalis
   E. Reproductive

1. The definition of the word genitalia is
   A. pertaining to carrying semen
   B. external and internal organs of reproduction.
   C. sac containing testes
   D. mature, male sex cell
   E. excessive urination at night

1. Which of the following words means a condition involving two rapid cell divisions, resulting in half the usual number of chromosomes?
   A. Anabolism
   B. Catabolism
   C. Meiosis
   D. Mitosis
   E. Myolysis

1. Which word with a prefix, root, and suffix refers to an inflammation involving the coiled tube attached to the back of the testis?
   A. Balanitis
   B. Prostatitis
   C. Orchitis
   D. Urethritis
   E. Epididymitis

1. Which of the following words meaning pertaining to carrying semen is spelled correctly?
   A. Siminipherous
   B. Semeniferus
   C. Semenipherous
   D. Seminiferous
   E. Seminepharos

Fill in the Blank Questions

1. The major androgen produced by the interstitial cells of the testes which stimulates male development is ________________________________.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. The word for the tail of a sperm is ______________, and its plural form is ______________.
   A. flagella; flagellas
   B. flagellum; flagella
   C. flagellum; flagellums
   D. cilia; ciliae
   E. cilium; cilia

1. Which of the following words means pertaining to the area between the thighs?
   A. Penile
   B. Penal
   C. Perineal
   D. Prostatic
   E. Puberty

1. Which of the following words has a prefix meaning above?
   A. Circumcision
   B. Epispadias
   C. Hyperplasia
   D. Ejaculate
   E. Anorchism

1. A small sac containing liquid, such as semen, is known as a seminal __________.
   A. vesicle
   B. ampulla
   C. varicocele
   D. lobule
   E. sinus

1. The plural form of the word testis is
   A. testicle
   B. testises
   C. testes
   D. testum
   E. testa

1. A monthly test recommended for all men to detect swelling or tenderness in the scrotum is abbreviated as a(n)
   A. TURP
   B. EST
   C. SST
   D. SET
   E. STD

1. The D in DRE stands for
   A. direct
   B. digital
   C. disease
   D. dorsal
   E. dorsum

1. Which of the following words means a line separating two symmetrical structures?
   A. Graph
   B. Raphe
   C. Rectal
   D. Rictus
   E. Gram

1. The blood vessels and nerves to the testis arise in the abdominal cavity. They pass through the inguinal canal, where they join with connective tissue to form a spermatic cord that suspends each testis in the scrotum. The left testis is suspended lower than the right. Which of the following statements best describes the anatomy of the testes?
   A. The testes lack sensation such as pain.
   B. The inguinal and the auditory canals are identical.
   C. The right testis is superior to the left testis.
   D. The circulatory system has no direct connection to the testes.
   E. The scrotum is located in the abdominal cavity.

1. Libido is another term for_______________ and is stimulated by ___________________.
   A. sexual maturity; the basal metabolic rate
   B. female secondary sex characteristics; estrogens
   C. puberty; androgens
   D. spermatogenesis; androgens
   E. sex drive; testosterone

1. Which of the following words has a prefix meaning no or not?
   A. Polyuria
   B. Reproductive
   C. Epidural
   D. Infertility
   E. Hypogonadism

1. The plural form of the word condyloma is
   A. condylomas
   B. condylomata
   C. condylomum
   D. condylomes
   E. condylomis

1. Epididymitis can often result in
   A. orchitis
   B. hydrocele
   C. spermatocele
   D. cryptorchism
   E. prostatitis

1. The word orchiopexy means
   A. inflammation of a testis
   B. surgical fixation of a testis
   C. varicose veins in a testis
   D. failure to conceive
   E. surgical removal of the prostate

1. Which of the following words means a neoplasm of the germ cells of a testis?
   A. Carcinoma
   B. Hematoma
   C. Blastoma
   D. Seminoma
   E. Choriocarcinoma

1. The term used to describe the failure of one or both testes to descend into the scrotum is
   A. spermatocele
   B. testicular torsion
   C. testicular teratoma
   D. orchiectomy
   E. cryptorchism

1. The suffix in the word spermatocele means
   A. sperm
   B. varicose vein
   C. seminal fluid
   D. cave, swelling
   E. tumor, mass

1. The two seminal vesicles are located on the posterior surface of the urinary bladder. The wall of each vesicle contains mucosal folds which produce a viscous, yellowish, alkaline fluid containing fructose and prostaglandins. Which of the following statements best describes the structure and function of the vesicles?
   A. The seminal vesicles lie in front of the bladder.
   B. The thick, vesicle fluid has a high pH and contains sugar as an energy source.
   C. The thin, watery vesicle fluid is acidic and contains hormones.
   D. The lumen walls are smooth and flat.
   E. No hormones are secreted in the seminal fluid.

1. Which of the following words meaning dilated portion of a canal or duct is spelled correctly?
   A. Ampule
   B. Ampulle
   C. Ampulla
   D. Ammpula
   E. Amppula

Fill in the Blank Questions

1. The name of the medical specialty that focuses on diseases of the genitourinary tract is _______________________.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Which of the following words has a suffix meaning capable?
   A. Ejaculate
   B. Reproductive
   C. Motile
   D. Mitosis
   E. Seminiferous

1. Which of the following words has a suffix that means pertaining to?
   A. Anorchism
   B. Surgery
   C. Urology
   D. Urologic
   E. Proctology

1. The I in the abbreviation UTI stands for
   A. index
   B. indication
   C. impaction
   D. individuals
   E. infection

Fill in the Blank Questions

1. The process of expelling semen suddenly is called ______________________________.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. The word prostate is from the Greek word meaning
   A. lying on one’s face
   B. one left behind
   C. one standing before
   D. for a good cause
   E. join together

1. Which of the following words refers to a method of male contraception?
   A. Vagotomy
   B. Vasectomy
   C. Vasotomy
   D. Vasorrhexis
   E. Testectomy

1. The definition of a vasovasostomy is
   A. creating an opening into a blood vessel
   B. surgical removal of the vas deferens
   C. incision into the vas deferens
   D. a reversal of a vasectomy
   E. creating an opening into the scrotum

1. Which of the following words refers to a condition involving deficient production of sperm, eggs, or reproductive hormones?
   A. Hypertrophy
   B. Hypospadias
   C. Hypogonadism
   D. Hypochromic
   E. Hypopituitarism

1. A noncancerous enlargement of the prostate is abbreviated as
   A. BNP
   B. TURP
   C. PAP
   D. PAS
   E. BPH

1. Prostatitis with sudden, severe onset accompanied by fever, chills, dysuria, and hematuria is most likely to be which type of infection?
   A. Chronic viral
   B. Chronic bacterial
   C. Acute bacterial
   D. Non-inflammatory
   E. Non-bacterial

1. One meaning of the word sterile is
   A. cleanliness
   B. contaminated
   C. fertile
   D. unable to fertilize or reproduce
   E. the same as vasectomy reversal

1. Anastomosis results from ____________________ two _______________________.
   A. joining; parts of a gland
   B. joining; tubular structures
   C. separation; tubules
   D. separation; ureters
   E. severing; seminal vesicles

1. Which of the following words means the absence of the testes?
   A. Orchitis
   B. Hypospadias
   C. Anorchism
   D. Cryptorchism
   E. Priapism

1. The term for excessive production of urine is
   A. dysuria
   B. anuria
   C. oliguria
   D. polyuria
   E. hyposthenuria

1. In the United States, 85% of all males are circumcised in the neonatal period. In Europe, less than 20 % are circumcised. Studies suggest that circumcision provides a degree of protection against acquiring HIV infection and also a decreased risk of acquiring penile cancer late in life. Which of the following statements is true?
   A. Circumcision is more common in Europe than in the United States.
   B. Circumcision is associated with increased risk of malignant tumors of the penis.
   C. Circumcised males never get HIV infection.
   D. There are no potential benefits from circumcision.
   E. Circumcision in the United States is usually done in the first few weeks after birth.

1. Which of the following is an instrument for transurethral removal of lesions?
   A. Arthroscope
   B. Endoscope
   C. Resectoscope
   D. Endoscopy
   E. Uroscope

1. The word balanitis means
   A. inflammation of the glans and foreskin
   B. inflammation of the scrotum
   C. excessive urination at night
   D. surgical removal of the prostate
   E. inflammation of the epididymis

1. The prefix in the word nocturia means
   A. none
   B. urine
   C. without
   D. night
   E. excessive

1. A synonym for erectile dysfunction is
   A. impotence
   B. prepuce
   C. phimosis
   D. Peyronie’s disease
   E. priapism

1. Priapism can be caused by drugs, ____________________, and _______________________.
   A. blood clots; spinal cord injury
   B. viruses; bacteria
   C. stress; antibiotics
   D. stress; heat
   E. inflammation; infection

1. The head of the penis or clitoris is called the
   A. prepuce
   B. glans
   C. smegma
   D. cavernosa
   E. acuminate

1. Which of the following words refers to the primary lesion in syphilis?
   A. Frenulum
   B. Chancre
   C. Smegma
   D. Acuminata
   E. Priapism

1. The D in STD stands for
   A. defect
   B. dysuria
   C. dysfunction
   D. disease
   E. dorsal

1. Which of the following words has a suffix meaning tissue?
   A. Acuminata
   B. Spongiosum
   C. Erection
   D. Cavernosa
   E. Perineal

1. Ejaculation occurs when the____________________ system stimulates smooth muscle of the ductus deferens, ejaculatory ducts, and the prostate gland to _____________________.
   A. parasympathetic nervous; contract
   B. central nervous; relax
   C. sympathetic nervous; contract
   D. sympathetic nervous; spasm
   E. parasympathetic nervous; stricture

1. A warty growth on the external genitalia is called a
   A. condyloma
   B. chancre
   C. molluscum
   D. spongiosum
   E. frenulum

1. Peyronie disease is defined as
   A. a swelling of the penis caused by trauma
   B. the opening of the urethra located on the dorsum of the penis
   C. the opening of the urethra located on the undersurface of the penis
   D. penile bending and pain on erection
   E. a condition of premature ejaculation

1. Which of the following words means spreadable from one person to another by direct contact?
   A. Disease
   B. Contagious
   C. Transmission
   D. Contiguous
   E. Convoluted

1. Ejaculating so quickly during intercourse that it causes embarrassment is called ___________________ ejaculation.
   A. premature
   B. precocious
   C. premarital
   D. postcoital
   E. immature

1. The word which means tapering to a point is
   A. apex
   B. acuminata
   C. frenulum
   D. cavernosa
   E. prepuce

1. A synonym for prepuce is
   A. glans
   B. smegma
   C. corpus
   D. frenulum
   E. foreskin

1. Which of the following words means pertaining to the penis?
   A. Pentad
   B. Penile
   C. Penal
   D. Erectile
   E. Balanic

1. The word cavernosa means
   A. sponge-like
   B. cancerous
   C. resembling a cave
   D. to touch closely
   E. malignant

1. A condition in which the foreskin is tight because of a small opening and cannot be retracted over the glans for cleaning is called
   A. Priapism
   B. Phimosis
   C. Balantitis
   D. Epispadias
   E. Hypospadias

1. Causes of urethritis include
   A. infections and chemical irritants
   B. BPH and ED
   C. STDs and pancreatitis
   D. prostatitis and TURP
   E. priapism and spermicides

1. The word stricture means
   A. the act or result of twisting
   B. an agent to prevent conception
   C. a narrowing of a tube
   D. bending
   E. failure to conceive

1. An agent that kills sperm is classified as
   A. genocidal
   B. spermicidal
   C. spermatotoxic
   D. spermatolytic
   E. glycosidal

1. A congenital condition in which the opening of the urethra is on the undersurface of the penis instead of at the head of the glans is called
   A. priapism
   B. phimosis
   C. hypospadias
   D. epispadias
   E. paraphimosis

1. The term which means an incision of a stricture of the urethra is
   A. urethrotomy
   B. ureterotomy
   C. urethrectomy
   D. ureterectomy
   E. urethrostomy

1. Which of the following words has a prefix meaning in front?
   A. Hypogonadism
   B. Lithotomy
   C. Tricuspid
   D. Foreskin
   E. Epispadias

1. Vasectomy and spermicides are means of
   A. circumcision
   B. contraception
   C. contraction
   D. constipation
   E. contusion

1. The plural form of the word anastomosis is
   A. anastomosises
   B. anastomosi
   C. anastomoses
   D. anastomosum
   E. anastomosa

1. The process by which male germ cells differentiate into sperm is called
   A. spermatozoon
   B. spermatid
   C. mitosis
   D. meiosis
   E. spermatogenesis

1. The suffix in the word varicocele means
   A. tumor, mass
   B. cave, swelling
   C. varicosity
   D. water
   E. drooping

1. The root in the word epididymis means
   A. membrane
   B. scatter, seed
   C. testis
   D. above
   E. tube

1. A collection of fluid in the space of the tunica vaginalis is called a
   A. hydrocele
   B. varicocele
   C. spermatocele
   D. teratoma
   E. cryptorchism

1. The root in the word teratoma means
   A. tumor, mass
   B. three
   C. monster, malformed fetus
   D. membrane, chorion
   E. testicle

1. The surgical procedure used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia is abbreviated as
   A. PSA
   B. DRE
   C. LCC-ST
   D. TURP
   E. NIH

Fill in the Blank Questions

1. The blood test used to detect the presence of cancer of the prostate gland is abbreviated as _______________.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. The surgical removal of the prostate gland is called a
   A. prostatotomy
   B. prostectomy
   C. prostatectomy
   D. prostatostomy
   E. prostadenectomy

1. The root in the word hyperplasia means
   A. pertaining to
   B. condition
   C. excessive
   D. molding, formation
   E. growth, development

1. A congenital defect in which the opening of the urethra is on the dorsum of the penis is called
   A. phimosis
   B. priapism
   C. hypospadias
   D. cryptorchism
   E. epispadias