1) Requirements determination and requirements structuring are the two subphases to systems analysis.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 164
2) During requirements determination, information can be gathered from users of the current system, forms, reports, and procedures.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 165
3) Challenging yourself to look at the organization in new ways describes the impertinence characteristic that a systems analyst should exhibit during the requirements determination phase.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 165
4) Assuming anything is possible and eliminating the infeasible describes the reframing characteristic that a systems analyst should exhibit during the requirements determination phase.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 165
5) Finding the best solution to a business problem or opportunity describes the attention to details characteristic that a systems analyst should exhibit during the requirements determination phase.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 165
6) Requirements creep is a term used to describe a project that has bogged down in an abundance of analysis work.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 166
7) Joint Application Design and prototyping can help keep the analysis effort at a minimum yet still effective.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 166
8) Collection of information is at the core of systems analysis.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 166
9) Contrary to popular belief, interviewing is not one of the primary ways analysts gather information about an information systems project.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 166
10) In order to promote more truthful responses, the general nature of the interview should not be explained to the interviewee in advance.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 167
11) Neutrality is a guideline for effective interviewing.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 167
12) As a general guideline, you should prepare an agenda with approximate time limits for different sections of the interview.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 167
13) Unstructured questions are questions in interviews that have no prespecified answers.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 167
14) Open-ended questions are usually used to probe for information when you cannot anticipate all possible responses or when you do not know the precise question to ask.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 167
15) Open-ended questions can put the interviewee at ease because she can respond in her own words using her own structure.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 167-169
16) Open-ended questions put the interviewee at ease, are easily summarized, and save time.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 169
17) Closed-ended questions work well when the major answers to the questions are known.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 169
18) A major disadvantage of closed-ended questions is that useful information that does not quite fit the defined answers may be overlooked as the respondent tries to make a choice instead of providing his or her best answer.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 169
19) Multiple choice, rating, and ranking are types of closed-ended questions.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 169
20) You should use the interview process to set expectations about the new or replacement system.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 170
21) As observations are unbiased, they are preferable to other requirements determination techniques.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 172
22) While being observed, employees may follow exact procedures more carefully than they typically do.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 172
23) When performing observations, it is best to select typical people and sites as opposed to atypical people and sites.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 172-173
24) In documents you can find information about the values of the organization or individuals who can help determine priorities for different capabilities desired by different users.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 173
25) In documents you can find information about special information processing circumstances that occur irregularly.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 173
26) As a systems analyst, it is part of your job to create a document for a missing work procedure.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 174
27) If you encounter contradictory information about procedures from interviews, questionnaires, or observations, you should reconcile the contradictions before proceeding to other analysis tasks.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 175
28) Informal systems develop because of inadequacies of formal procedures, individual work habits and preferences, and resistance to control.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 175
29) When gathering system requirements, document analysis and observation are used the least.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 177
30) When comparing observations and document analysis, the expense of observations is rated moderate.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 177
31) When comparing observations and document analysis, the chances for follow-up and probing with document analysis are rated high to excellent.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 177
32) When comparing observations and document analysis, the time required for document analysis is rated as low to moderate.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 177
33) The primary purpose of using JAD in the analysis phase is to collect systems requirements simultaneously from the key people involved with the system.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 178
34) A JAD is an inexpensive, popular requirements determination technique.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 178
35) Referencing a JAD session, the sponsor is the individual responsible for organizing and running a JAD session.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 178
36) During JAD, the group interaction process is typically not well supported by computing.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 179
37) The goal with using prototyping to support requirements determination is to build the ultimate system from prototyping.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 181
38) Throw-away prototyping preserves the prototype that has been developed.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 182
39) The idea behind BPR is to reorganize the complete flow of data in major sections of an organization to eliminate unnecessary steps, achieve synergies among previously separate steps, and become more responsive to future changes.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 183
40) A first step in any BPR effort is to understand what processes need to change.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 184
41) The skills of a systems analyst are often central to many BPR efforts.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 184
42) BPR efforts often result in the development of information system maintenance requests or requests for system replacement.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 183
43) Key business processes are the structured, measured set of activities designed to produce a specific output for a particular customer or market.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 184
44) Disruptive technologies enable the breaking of long-held business rules that inhibit organizations from making radical business changes.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 184
45) Referencing requirements determination using Agile Methodologies, the Continual User Involvement technique does not work well with small and dedicated development teams.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 186
46) The Continual User Involvement technique works best when development can follow the analysis-design-code-test cycle.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 186-187
47) The Agile Usage-Centered Design focuses on user roles, user goals, and the tasks necessary to achieve those goals.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 187-188
48) Referencing eXtreme Programming and its Planning Game, Development is represented by those actually designing and constructing the system.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 188-189
49) Determining systems requirements for an Internet-based electronic commerce application is no different than the process followed for other applications.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 190
50) Referencing eXtreme programming, programmers and end users play the Iteration Planning Game.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 188-189
51) Exploration, commitment, and steering are the three phases of the Iteration Planning Game.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 189
52) The impertinence characteristic of a good systems analyst is represented by which of the following statements?
- A) You must challenge yourself to look at the organization in new ways.
- B) Every fact must fit with every other fact.
- C) Assume anything is possible, and eliminate the infeasible.
- D) You should question everything.
Answer: D
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 164
53) The reframing characteristic of a good systems analyst is represented by which of the following statements?
- A) You must challenge yourself to look at the organization in new ways.
- B) Every fact must fit with every other fact.
- C) Assume anything is possible, and eliminate the infeasible.
- D) You should question everything.
Answer: A
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 165
54) The impartiality characteristic of a good systems analyst is represented by which of the following statements?
- A) You must challenge yourself to look at the organization in new ways.
- B) Your role is to find the best solution to a business problem or opportunity.
- C) Assume anything is possible, and eliminate the infeasible.
- D) You should question everything.
Answer: B
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 165
55) The primary deliverables from requirements determination include:
- A) sets of forms, reports, and job descriptions
- B) transcripts of interviews
- C) notes from observation and from analysis documents
- D) all of the above
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 165
56) The term used to refer to systems development projects bogged down in an abundance of analysis work is:
- A) information overload
- B) analysis paralysis
- C) analysis overload
- D) information abundance
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 166
57) Techniques developed to keep the analysis effort minimal, yet still effective include:
- A) JAD
- B) interviewing
- C) observations
- D) quiz sessions
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 166
58) Traditional methods of collecting systems requirements include:
- A) individual interviews
- B) observing workers
- C) group interviews
- D) all of the above
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 166
59) Which of the following is a traditional method of collecting systems requirements?
- A) Group support systems
- B) Group interviews
- C) Joint Application Design
- D) Rapid Application Development
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 166
60) Questions in interviews that have no pre-specified answers are:
- A) nonspecific questions
- B) closed-ended questions
- C) open-ended questions
- D) investigative questions
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 167
61) One advantage of open-ended questions in an interview is:
- A) a significant amount of time can be devoted to each interviewee
- B) the interviewee is restricted to providing just a few answers
- C) previously unknown information can result
- D) they work well when the answers to the questions are well known
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 167
62) Questions in interviews asking those responding to choose from among a set of specified responses are:
- A) specific questions
- B) closed-ended questions
- C) open-ended questions
- D) structured questions
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 169
63) Which of the following is an advantage of closed-ended questions?
- A) Interviews based on closed-ended questions do not necessarily require a large time commitment, so more topics can be covered.
- B) Closed-ended questions enable the analysts to explore information that does not quite fit defined answers.
- C) The analyst can obtain previously unknown information.
- D) Closed-ended questions often put the interviewee at ease.
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 169
64) Rating a response or idea on some scale, say from strongly agree to strongly disagree, would be classified as a(n):
- A) open-ended question
- B) JAD question
- C) closed-ended question
- D) ranking question
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 169
65) Good interview guidelines consist of:
- A) phrasing the question to illicit the correct response
- B) typing your notes within two weeks of the interview
- C) establishing expectation levels about the new system
- D) seeking a variety of perspectives from the interviews
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 170
66) Interviewing several key people at once refers to:
- A) stakeholder interviewing
- B) group interviewing
- C) user interviewing
- D) strategic interviewing
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 170
67) Which of the following is a disadvantage to group interviewing?
- A) Group interviewing does not effectively utilize your time.
- B) Interviewing several people together allows them to hear the opinions of other key people.
- C) Group interviewing requires significantly more time than does the JAD process.
- D) Scheduling group interviews can be a problem.
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 170
68) A facilitated process that supports idea generation by groups where at the beginning of the process, group members work alone to generate ideas, which are then pooled under the guidance of a trained facilitator best describes:
- A) affinity clustering
- B) requirements structuring
- C) group interviews
- D) nominal group technique
Answer: D
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 171
69) Which of the following is a reason for directly observing end users?
- A) The analyst gets a snap-shot image of the person or task being observed.
- B) Observations are not very time consuming.
- C) People often do not have a completely accurate appreciation of what they do or how they do it.
- D) Employees will alter their performance if they know that they are being observed.
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 171
70) Which of the following documents are useful in understanding possible future system requirements?
- A) written work procedures
- B) documents that describe the current information system
- C) reports generated by current systems
- D) all of the above
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 173
71) The analysis of documents can help you identify:
- A) problems with existing systems
- B) special information processing circumstances that occur irregularly and may not be identified by any other requirements
- C) the reason why current systems are designed the way they are
- D) all of the above
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 173
72) A written work procedure:
- A) indicates the job an analyst will need to perform on a given project
- B) describes how a particular job or task is performed, including data and information that are used and created in the process of performing the job
- C) indicates what data flow in or out of a system and which are necessary for the system to function
- D) enables you to work backwards from the information on a report to the necessary data
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 173
73) If your analysis of several written procedures reveals a duplication of effort in two jobs, you should:
- A) indicate that one job be deleted from the new system
- B) call the duplication to the attention of management as an issue to be resolved before system design can proceed
- C) justify the duplication of effort
- D) restructure the tasks so that the duplication is removed
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 174
74) The official way a system works as described in organizational documentation is referred to as a(n):
- A) formal system
- B) informal system
- C) official system
- D) desired system
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 175
75) The way a system actually works is referred to as a(n):
- A) unofficial system
- B) informal system
- C) actual system
- D) formal system
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 175
76) Forms are important for understanding a business because they:
- A) indicate the correct sequencing of tasks
- B) describe how particular tasks are performed
- C) indicate what data flow in or out of a system and which are necessary for the system to function
- D) enable you to work backwards from the information on a report to the necessary data
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 175
77) Forms are most useful:
- A) when they do not contain any data
- B) during the initial planning stages
- C) when they contain actual organizational data
- D) during the design stage
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 176
78) A report:
- A) indicates the inputs required for the new system
- B) describes how a particular job or task is performed, including data and information that are used and created in the process of performing the job
- C) indicates what data flow in or out of a system and which are necessary for the system to function
- D) enables you to work backwards from the information on a report to the data that must have been necessary to generate them
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 176
79) When comparing observations and document analysis:
- A) the time required to conduct observations compared to document analysis is low
- B) the observee is not known to the interviewer
- C) the potential audience of the observation method is limited
- D) with document analysis, a clear commitment is discernible
Answer: C
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 177
80) Which of the following is not a contemporary method for determining system requirements?
- A) interviewing
- B) group support systems
- C) CASE tools
- D) Joint Application Design
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 177
81) Which of the following is a true statement regarding JAD?
- A) The primary purpose of using JAD in the analysis phase is to collect systems requirements simultaneously from the key people involved with the system.
- B) JAD follows a particular structure of roles and agenda that are similar to the group interview.
- C) JAD sessions are usually conducted in the organization’s conference room.
- D) A JAD session is inexpensive to conduct.
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 178
82) The typical participants in a JAD include:
- A) a session leader
- B) a scribe
- C) a sponsor
- D) all of the above
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 178
83) The trained individual who plans and leads Joint Application Design sessions is referred to as the:
- A) scribe
- B) JAD session leader
- C) JAD manager
- D) JAD contributor
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 178
84) The person who makes detailed notes of the happenings at a Joint Application Design session is referred to as the:
- A) JAD analyst
- B) scribe
- C) JAD manager
- D) JAD session leader
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 178
85) The CASE tools most useful to the analyst during JAD are:
- A) lower CASE
- B) cross life cycle CASE
- C) upper CASE
- D) code generators
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 180
86) Drawbacks to prototyping include:
- A) a tendency to avoid creating formal documentation of systems requirements that can then make the system more difficult to develop into a fully working system
- B) prototypes becoming very idiosyncratic to the initial user and difficult to diffuse or adapt to other potential users
- C) prototypes being built as stand-alone systems
- D) all of the above
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 182
87) Prototyping is most useful for requirements determination when:
- A) user requirements are well understood
- B) communication problems have existed in the past between users and analysts
- C) possible designs are simple and require an abstract form to fully evaluate
- D) multiple stakeholders are involved with the system
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 182
88) In BPR, which of the following questions are used to identify activities for radical change?
- A) How important is the activity to delivering the outcome?
- B) How feasible is changing the activity?
- C) How dysfunctional is the activity?
- D) All of the above are correct.
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 184
89) The search for, and implementation of, radical change in business processes to achieve breakthrough improvements in products and services best defines:
- A) Joint Application Design
- B) Rapid Application Development
- C) structured programming
- D) business process reengineering
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 183
90) The structured, measured set of activities designed to produce a specific output for a particular customer or market best defines:
- A) formal systems
- B) key business processes
- C) secondary activities
- D) production systems
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 184
91) Technologies that enable the breaking of long-held business rules that inhibit organizations from making radical business changes best defines:
- A) technology barriers
- B) business process reengineering
- C) disruptive technologies
- D) business constraints
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 184
92) Which of the following technologies disrupted the business rule that information can appear only in one place at a time?
- A) high-performance computing
- B) distributed databases
- C) expert systems
- D) advanced telecommunications networks
Answer: B
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 185
93) Which of the following is not an Agile Methodologies requirements determination technique?
- A) Planning Game
- B) JAD
- C) Agile Usage-Centered Design
- D) continual user involvement
Answer: B
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 187
94) Continual user involvement works best when:
- A) the number of end users is large.
- B) the number of end users is small.
- C) the development group is small.
- D) the development group is large.
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 187
95) Which of the following is not a step in the Agile Usage-Centered Design Method?
- A) Give everyone a chance to vent about the current system and to talk about the features every one wants in the new system.
- B) Determine what the most important user roles would be.
- C) Determine what tasks user roles will have to complete in order to achieve their goals.
- D) Test each program module separately from every other program module, and then perform system testing.
Answer: D
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 188
96) Which of the following was developed by Kent Beck, and is distinguished by its short cycles, its incremental planning approach, its focus on automated tests written by programmers and customers to monitor the process of development, and its reliance on an evolutionary approach to development that lasts throughout the lifetime of the system?
- A) eXtreme programming
- B) evolutionary prototyping
- C) rapid application development
- D) object-oriented analysis and design
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 188
97) Referencing eXtreme programming, which of the following is a stylized approach to development that seeks to maximize fruitful interaction between those who need a new system and those who built it?
- A) Iteration Planning Game
- B) Planning Game
- C) eXtreme Walkthrough
- D) eXtreme JAD
Answer: B
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 188
98) Referencing eXtreme programming, which of the following is not a Planning Game phase?
- A) exploration
- B) design
- C) commitment
- D) steering
Answer: B
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 189
99) Referencing eXtreme programming, which of the following is the final phase of the Planning Game?
- A) exploration
- B) design
- C) commitment
- D) steering
Answer: D
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 189
100) Referencing eXtreme programming, who plays the Iteration Planning Game?
- A) programmers
- B) business managers and analysts
- C) end users, business managers, and analysts
- D) programmers, analysts, and end users
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 189
101) Which of the following is the eXtreme Programming Planning Game phase where Business has a chance to see how the development process is progressing and to work with Development to adjust the plan accordingly?
- A) commitment
- B) exploration
- C) choice
- D) steering
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 189
102) During requirements determination, the systems analyst characteristic that says you should question everything is __________.
Answer: impertinence
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 164
103) During requirements determination, the systems analyst characteristic that says your role is to find the best solution to a business problem is __________.
Answer: impartiality
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 165
104) During requirements determination when you assume anything is possible and eliminate the infeasible, this corresponds to the systems analyst characteristic of __________.
Answer: relaxing of constraints
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 165
105) During requirements determination when every fact must fit with every other fact, this corresponds to the systems analyst characteristic of __________.
Answer: attention to details
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 165
106) During requirements determination, challenging yourself to look at the organization in new ways corresponds to the systems analyst characteristic of __________.
Answer: reframing
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 165
107) General types of deliverables associated with requirements determination are information collected from __________, __________, __________, __________.
Answer: conversations with users, observations of users, existing written information, computer-based information
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 165
108) __________ describes a project that has bogged down in an abundance of analysis work.
Answer: Analysis paralysis
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 166
109) __________ and __________ techniques were developed to keep the analysis effort to a minimum yet still effective.
Answer: JAD, prototyping
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 166
110) Traditional methods of collecting system requirements include __________, __________, and __________.
Answer: interviews, observations, business documents
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 166
111) __________ are questions in interviews and on questionnaires that have no prespecified answers.
Answer: Open-ended questions
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 167
112) __________ are usually used to probe for information when you cannot anticipate all possible responses or when you do not know the precise questions to ask.
Answer: Open-ended questions
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 167
113) __________ are questions in interviews that ask those responding to choose from among a set of specified responses.
Answer: Closed-ended questions
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 169
114) The __________ is a facilitated process that supports idea generation by groups; at the beginning of the process, group members work alone to generate ideas, which are then pooled under the guidance of a trained facilitator.
Answer: Nominal Group Technique
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 171
115) A __________ is the official way a system works as described in organizational documentation.
Answer: formal system
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 175
116) An __________ is the way a system actually works.
Answer: informal system
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 175
117) A __________ is the trained individual who plans and leads Joint Application Design sessions.
Answer: JAD session leader
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 178
118) A __________ is the person who makes detailed notes of the happenings at a Joint Application Design session.
Answer: scribe
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 178
119) __________ is a repetitive process in which analysts and users build a rudimentary version of an information system based on user feedback.
Answer: Prototyping
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 181
120) __________ is the search for, and implementation of, radical change in business processes to achieve breakthrough improvements in products and services.
Answer: Business process reengineering
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 183
121) __________ are the structured, measured set of activities designed to produce a specific output for a particular customer or market.
Answer: Key business processes
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 184
122) __________ are technologies that enable the breaking of long-held business rules that inhibit organizations from making radical business changes.
Answer: Disruptive technologies
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 184
123) Referencing eXtreme programming, the __________ is a stylized approach to development that seeks to maximize fruitful interaction between those who need a new system and those who build it.
Answer: Planning Game
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 188-189
124) __________, __________, and __________ are the three phases of the Planning Game.
Answer: Exploration, commitment, steering
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 189
125) __________, __________, and __________ are the three phases of the Iteration Planning Game.
Answer: Exploration, commitment, steering
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 189
126) Referencing the Iteration Planning Game, programmers will accept responsibility for tasks and balance their workloads during the __________ phase.
Answer: commitment
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 189
Match each of the following terms with its corresponding definition.
- business process reengineering
- closed-ended questions
- disruptive technologies
- formal system
- informal system
- JAD session leader
- key business processes
- open-ended questions
- scribe
127) Technologies that enable the breaking of long-held business rules that inhibit organizations from making radical business changes.
Answer: c
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 184
128) The person who makes detailed notes of the happenings at a Joint Application Design session.
Answer: i
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 178
129) The structured, measured set of activities designed to produce a specific output for a particular customer or market.
Answer: g
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 184
130) Questions in interviews and on questionnaires that ask those responding to choose from among a set of specified responses.
Answer: b
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 169
131) The search for, and implementation of, radical change in business processes to achieve breakthrough improvements in products and services.
Answer: a
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 183
132) The trained individual who plans and leads Joint Application Design sessions.
Answer: f
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 178
133) The way a system actually works.
Answer: e
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 175
134) The official way a system works as described in organizational documentation.
Answer: d
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 175
135) Questions in interviews and on questionnaires that have no prespecified answers.
Answer: h
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 167
Match each of the following eXtreme programming terms with its corresponding description.
- business
- development
- exploration
- commitment
- steering
136) Refers to the phase where Business sorts the Story Cards according to the type of features.
Answer: d
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 189
137) Refers to the phase where Business creates a Story Card for something it wants to do.
Answer: c
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 189
138) Refers to those who are designing and constructing the system.
Answer: b
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 189
139) Refers to the phase where Business has a chance to see how the development process is progressing and to work with Development to adjust the plan accordingly.
Answer: e
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 189
140) Refers to the customer, and is represented by someone who knows the processes to be supported by the system being developed
Answer: a
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 189
For each of the following statements, answer “A” if it is characteristic of an observation, or answer “B” if it is characteristic of document analysis.
141) In terms of information richness, it is judged low (passive) and old.
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 177
142) In terms of expense, it can be high.
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 177
143) In terms of confidentiality, the individual is known.
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 177
144) In terms of subject involvement, there is no clear commitment.
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 177
145) In terms of potential audience, there are limited numbers and limited time (snap shot) of each.
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 177
Match each of the following typical JAD participants with its description.
- scribe
- systems analyst
- sponsor
- user
- JAD session leader
- manager
- IS staff
146) This individual takes notes; a personal computer or laptop is usually used to take the notes.
Answer: a
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 178
147) A person who is relatively high level in the company and usually attends only at the very beginning or the end of the session.
Answer: c
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 178
148) This person organizes and runs the JAD, and has been trained in group management and facilitation, as well as in systems analysis.
Answer: e
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 178
149) This individual is the only one who has a clear understanding of what it means to use the system on a daily basis.
Answer: d
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 178
150) This individual is part of the development team; he/she attends the JAD session to learn from the users and managers.
Answer: b
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 178
151) This individual provides insight into new organizational directions, motivations for and organizational impacts of systems, and support for requirements determined during the JAD.
Answer: f
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 178
152) This individual may attend JAD to learn from the discussion and possibly to contribute ideas on the technical feasibility of ideas or on technical limitations of current systems.
Answer: g
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 178
For each of the following situations, answer “A” if prototyping would be useful or answer “B” if prototyping would not be useful.
153) User requirements are well understood.
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 182
154) A significant number of users or stakeholders are involved with the system.
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 182
155) Possible designs are complex and require concrete form to fully evaluate.
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 182
156) Communication problems have existed in the past between users and analysts, and both parties want to be sure that system requirements are as specific as possible.
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 182
157) Tools and data are readily available to build working systems rapidly.
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 182
158) Briefly identify several characteristics for a good systems analyst to have during requirements determination.
Answer: Five characteristics that will come in handy during the requirements determination stage are impertinence, impartiality, relax constraints, attention to details, and reframing. Impertinence questions everything. Impartiality describes your quest to find the best solution to a business problem or opportunity. Assuming anything is possible, and eliminating the infeasible defines the third characteristic, relax constraints. By making sure that every fact fits with every other fact, the analyst is paying attention to details. Since analysis is a creative process, the analyst should challenge himself to look at the organization in new ways. This characteristic is referred to as reframing.
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 164-165
159) Briefly identify the traditional methods for determining requirements.
Answer: The traditional methods for collecting system requirements are individual interviews, group interviews, observations, Nominal Group Technique, and document analysis.
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 166
160) What is eXtreme programming?
Answer: eXtreme programming is an approach developed by Kent Beck. This approach is distinguished by its short cycles, its incremental planning approach, its focus on automated tests written by programmers and customers to monitor the process of development, and its reliance on an evolutionary approach to development that lasts throughout the lifetime of the system.
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 188-189
161) Briefly identify and discuss four types of documents that would be helpful in determining future system requirements.
Answer: While any written document can provide insight into the future system requirements, four documents were specifically mentioned in the chapter. They are the written work procedure, business form, report, and current system documentation. The written work procedure describes how a particular job or task is performed and includes data and information requirements needed by the job. Business forms are important because they can demonstrate what data flow in or out of a system and which are necessary for the system to function. Reports are beneficial because they provide information about system output. The fourth type of documentation, current system documentation, refers to documents that describe the current information system. This type of documentation can provide insight concerning how the systems were built and how they work.
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 173
162) Briefly identify and describe the participants of a JAD session.
Answer: A JAD session consists of a JAD session leader, users, managers, sponsors, systems analysts, a scribe, and information systems staff. The JAD session leader is responsible for running the session. The scribe is the individual who takes notes during the session. Users are important because they understand the current system. Managers are needed to provide insight into new organizational directions, motivations, organizational impacts of systems, and support for requirements determined during the JAD. As new systems cost money, high-level management support is demonstrated through the appearance of system sponsors. Attendance by these individuals is usually at the beginning or ending of the session. Systems analysts are present so they can learn from the users and managers. Information systems staff can contribute ideas to the process as well as learn from it.
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 178
163) Define disruptive technologies. Identify eight disruptive technologies and how they have eliminated long-held organizational rules.
Answer: Disruptive technologies enable the breaking of long-held business rules that inhibit organizations from making radical business changes. Distributed databases, expert systems, advanced telecommunications networks, decision support tools, wireless data communication and portable computers, interactive communication technologies, automatic identification and tracking technologies, and high-performance computing are eight disruptive technologies. Distributed databases allow the sharing of information, and expert systems can aid nonexperts. Advanced telecommunications networks can support dynamic organizational structures; decision-support tools can aid nonmanagers. Wireless data communication and portable computers provide a “virtual” office for workers. Interactive communication technologies allow complex messaging capabilities. Automatic identification and tracking technology know where things are, and high-performance computing can provide real-time updating.
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 184-185
164) Identify four drawbacks to using prototyping as a requirements determination tool.
Answer: The four drawbacks mentioned in the textbook are: (1) a tendency to avoid creating formal documentation of system requirements; (2) prototypes become very idiosyncratic to the initial user and difficult to diffuse or adapt to other potential users; (3) prototypes are often built as stand-alone systems, often ignoring issues of sharing data, interactions with other existing systems, and scaling up applications; and (4) checks in the SDLC are bypassed so that some more subtle system requirements might be forgotten.
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 182
165) Assume you are analyzing a golf course scheduling system. Identify two open-ended questions and two closed-ended questions you might ask.
Answer: Open-ended questions might include the following: What information is currently provided by the scheduling system? What information would you like to have that the current scheduling system does not provide? Closed-ended questions might ask the system users to rate a response to the following questions: Does the existing system provide tee-scheduling information in a timely manner? Is the existing system easy to use?
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 167-169
166) What is the Nominal Group Technique? How is it beneficial to requirements determination?
Answer: The Nominal Group Technique is a facilitated process that supports idea generation by groups. At the beginning of the process, group members work alone to generate ideas, which are then pooled under the guidance of a trained facilitator. During requirements determination, the group will identify and prioritize a list of problems associated with the existing system, or they may identify and prioritize a list of requirements for the new system.
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 171
Modern Systems Analysis and Design, 6e (Hoffer, et al.)
Chapter 7 Structuring System Process Requirements
1) A data flow diagram is a graphical tool that allows analysts to illustrate the flow of data in an information system.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 201
2) Logic modeling graphically represents the processes that capture, manipulate, store, and distribute data between a system and its environment and among components within a system.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 201
3) A primitive level data flow diagram is the first deliverable produced during requirements structuring.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 202
4) Data flow diagrams evolve from the more general to the more detailed as current and replacement systems are better understood.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 202
5) A data flow represents data in motion, moving from one place in the system to another.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 203
6) On a data flow diagram, a paycheck is represented as a data store.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 204
7) A customer order is represented on a data flow diagram as a data flow.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 204
8) Assume shipment data is entered into a logbook once shipments are received at the company’s warehouse; the logbook is represented on a data flow diagram as a sink.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 203
9) Assume your local veterinarian records information about each of his patients on patient medical history forms; the collection of medical history forms is represented on a data flow diagram as a data store.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 203
10) The calculation of a student’s grade is represented on a data flow diagram as a data flow.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 203
11) The determination of which items are low in stock is represented on a data flow diagram as a process.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 203
12) Sources and sinks are internal to the system.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 203
13) When constructing data flow diagrams, you should show the interactions that occur between sources and sinks.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 203
14) The data a sink receives and often what data a source provides are fixed.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 204
15) A Web site’s customer is represented as a source on a data flow diagram.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 204
16) On a data flow diagram, an arrow represents an action, such as calculating an employee’s pay.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 204
17) On a data flow diagram, a diamond represents a process.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 204
18) On a data flow diagram in the DeMarco and Yourdon model, two parallel lines represent a data store.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 204
19) A context diagram shows the scope of the organizational system, system boundaries, external entities that interact with the system, and major information flows between entities and the system.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 205
20) Context diagrams have only one process labeled “P-1.”
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 205
21) Because the system’s data stores are conceptually inside one process, no data stores appear on a context diagram.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 205
22) A level-0 diagram is a data flow diagram that represents a system’s major processes, data flows, and data stores at a high level of detail.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 207
23) Assume Process 7.4 produces a data flow and that Process 7.2 must be ready to accept it; we would say that these processes are physically linked to each other.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 207
24) Assume we have placed a data store between Process 5.1 and Process 5.5; we would say that these processes are decoupled.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 207
25) Because data flow names represent a specific set of data, another data flow that has even one more or one less piece of data must be given a different unique name.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 208
26) Functional decomposition is an iterative process of breaking the description of a system down into finer and finer detail.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 208
27) A data flow can go directly back to the same process it leaves.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 208
28) A fork in a data flow means that exactly the same data go from a common location to two or more different processes, data stores, or sources/sinks.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 208
29) A data flow to a data store means update.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 208
30) Data cannot move directly from a source to a sink.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 208
31) More than one data flow noun phrase can appear on a single arrow as long as all of the flows on the same arrow move together as one package.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 208
32) A process has a verb phrase label.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 208
33) Double-ended arrows are used to represent data flowing in both directions.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 208
34) The lowest-level data flow diagrams are called level-0 diagrams.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 207
35) The decomposition of Process 1.1 is shown on a level-1 diagram.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 210
36) As a rule of thumb, no data flow diagram should have more than about seven processes on it, because the diagram would be too crowded and difficult to understand.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 210
37) The decomposition of Process 2.4.3.4 is shown on a level-4 diagram.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 210
38) Coupling is the conservation of inputs and outputs to a data flow diagram process when that process is decomposed to a lower level.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 208
39) To keep a data flow diagram uncluttered, you may repeat data stores, sinks/sources, and processes.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 213
40) A composite data flow on one level can be split into component data flows at the next level, but no new data can be added and all data in the composite must be accounted for in one or more subflows.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 213
41) Completeness, consistency, timing, iterative development, and primitive DFDs are guidelines for drawing DFDs.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 216
42) DFD cohesion means your DFDs include all of the necessary components for the system you are modeling.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 216
43) A data flow repository entry would include the composition or list of data elements contained in the data flow.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 217
44) A gross violation of DFD consistency would be a level-1 diagram with no level-0 diagram.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 217
45) One of the primary purposes of a DFD is to represent time, giving a good indication of whether data flows occur constantly in real time, once a day, or once a year.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 217
46) Structured analysis is the process of discovering discrepancies between two or more sets of data flow diagrams or discrepancies within a single DFD.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 218
47) To date, data flow diagrams have not been useful tools for modeling processes in business process reengineering.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 219
48) The principle of balancing and the goal of keeping a DFD as simple as possible led to four additional, advanced rules for drawing DFDs.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 212
49) Inefficiencies cannot be identified by studying DFDs.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 219
50) Data flow diagrams aren’t versatile enough to be used as tools for process modeling.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 219
51) Decision tables allow you to represent a set of conditions and the actions that follow from them in a tabular format.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 221
52) Make the decision table as simple as possible by removing any rules with impossible actions.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 223
53) A decision table is a matrix representation of the logic of a decision, which specifies the possible conditions for the decision and the resulting actions.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 221
54) Condition stubs are that part of a decision table that lists the actions that result for a given set of conditions.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 221
55) Action stubs are that part of a decision table that lists the conditions relevant to the decision.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 221
56) Referencing a decision table, specific combinations of conditions trigger specific actions.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 221
57) Rules are that part of the decision table that specify which actions are to be followed for a given set of conditions.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 221
58) Assume condition one has three values, condition two has four values, and condition three has two values; the number of rules required for the decision table is nine.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 221-222
59) Assume condition one has two values, condition two has five values, condition three has three values, and condition four has two values; the number of rules required for the decision table is sixty.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 221-222
60) An insignificant condition is a condition in a decision table whose value does not affect which actions are taken for two or more rules.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 222
61) In a decision table, an indifferent condition is represented by an asterisk.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 222
62) If the different values for the employee type condition do not affect the action taken, then employee type is an indifferent condition.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 222
63) Referencing a decision table, a limited entry occurs when a condition has only two possible values.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 222
64) Referencing a decision table, an employee condition that has only two possible values is considered a limited entry.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 222
65) If an inventory item is either perishable or nonperishable, its condition is classified as an extended entry.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 222
66) Referencing a decision table, every possible combination of conditions must be represented.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 222
67) Referencing a decision table, an action is provided for each rule.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 223
68) Decision tables support nested conditions.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 224
69) Data flow diagrams that concentrate on the movement of data between processes are referred to as:
- A) process models
- B) data models
- C) flow models
- D) flow charts
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 200
70) Which of the following is not one of the four types of data flow diagrams?
- A) current physical
- B) current logical
- C) updated physical
- D) new physical
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 218
71) Graphically representing the functions, or processes, which capture, manipulate, store, and distribute data between a system and its environment and between components within a system refers to:
- A) data modeling
- B) flow charting
- C) process modeling
- D) transition modeling
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 201
72) The diagram that shows the scope of the system, indicating what elements are inside and which are outside the system, is called a:
- A) context diagram
- B) level-2 diagram
- C) referencing diagram
- D) representative diagram
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 205
73) Which of the following is not one of the primary deliverables resulting from studying and documenting a system’s processes?
- A) context data flow diagram (DFD)
- B) thorough descriptions of each DFD component
- C) DFDs of the current logical system
- D) state-transition diagram
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 202
74) The deliverables of process modeling state:
- A) how you should develop the system during physical design
- B) what you learned during requirements determination
- C) how you should implement the new system during implementation
- D) what you learned during project planning
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 202
75) Student data contained on an enrollment form is represented on a data flow diagram as a:
- A) process
- B) data flow
- C) source
- D) data store
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 203
76) Data in motion, moving from one place in a system to another, defines:
- A) data store
- B) process
- C) source
- D) data flow
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 203
77) Data at rest, which may take the form of many different physical representations, defines:
- A) source
- B) data store
- C) data flow
- D) process
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 203
78) A file folder containing orders is represented on a data flow diagram as a:
- A) process
- B) source
- C) data flow
- D) data store
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 203
79) A computer-based file containing employee information is represented on a data flow diagram as a:
- A) data flow
- B) source
- C) data store
- D) process
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 203
80) Calculating an employee’s salary is represented on a data flow diagram as a:
- A) data flow
- B) source
- C) data store
- D) process
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 203
81) Recording a customer’s payment is represented on a data flow diagram as a:
- A) process
- B) source
- C) data flow
- D) data store
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 203
82) A supplier of auto parts to our company is represented on a data flow diagram as a:
- A) process
- B) source
- C) data flow
- D) data store
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 203
83) Which of the following is considered when diagramming?
- A) the interactions occurring between sources and sinks
- B) how to provide sources and sinks direct access to stored data
- C) how to control or redesign a source or sink
- D) none of the above
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 203-204
84) The work or actions performed on data so that they are transformed, stored, or distributed defines:
- A) source/sink
- B) data store
- C) data flow
- D) process
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 203
85) The origin and/or destination of data, sometimes referred to as external entities defines:
- A) source/sink
- B) data store
- C) data flow
- D) process
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 203
86) An arrow on a data flow diagram represents a:
- A) data store
- B) data flow
- C) process
- D) source/sink
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 204
87) A square on a data flow diagram represents a:
- A) data store
- B) data flow
- C) process
- D) source/sink
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 204
88) In the Gane and Sarson model, a rectangle with rounded corners on a data flow diagram represents a:
- A) data store
- B) data flow
- C) process
- D) source/sink
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 204
89) In the Gane and Sarson model, a rectangle that is missing its right vertical sides on a data flow diagram represents a:
- A) data store
- B) data flow
- C) process
- D) source/sink
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 204
90) Which of the following is a true statement regarding sources/sinks?
- A) Sources/sinks are always outside the information system and define the boundaries of the system.
- B) Data must originate outside a system from one or more sources.
- C) The system must produce information to one or more sinks.
- D) All of the above.
Answer: D
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 204
91) A data flow diagram that represents a system’s major processes, data flows, and data stores at a high level of detail refers to:
- A) context diagram
- B) level-1 diagram
- C) level-0 diagram
- D) level-00 diagram
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 207
92) If two processes are connected by a data flow, they are said to:
- A) share the same timing effects
- B) share the same data
- C) be coupled to each other
- D) be strapped to each other
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 207
93) By placing a data store between two processes, this:
- A) decouples the processes
- B) enables store and forward capabilities
- C) enhances the flow of data between the processes
- D) structures the processes
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 207
94) The act of going from a single system to several component processes refers to:
- A) structuring
- B) balancing
- C) functional decomposition
- D) formatting
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 208
95) A miracle process is one that:
- A) has only inputs
- B) has only outputs
- C) cannot be exploded further
- D) has insufficient inputs to produce the associated processes
Answer: B
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 208
96) A black hole is one that:
- A) has only inputs
- B) has only outputs
- C) has not been exploded to show enough detail
- D) has insufficient inputs to produce the associated processes
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 208
97) Which of the following is a true statement regarding a data store?
- A) Data can move directly from one data store to another data store.
- B) Data can move directly from a sink to a data store.
- C) A data store has a noun phrase label.
- D) Data can move from an outside source to a data store.
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 208
98) Which of the following is a true statement regarding data flows?
- A) A data flow may have multiple directions between symbols.
- B) A data flow to a data store means retrieve or use.
- C) A data flow from a data store means update.
- D) A join in a data flow means that exactly the same data comes from any of two or more different processes, data stores, or sources/sinks to a common location.
Answer: D
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 208
99) Which of the following is not a true statement regarding data flows?
- A) A fork in a data flow means that exactly the same data goes from a common location to two or more different processes, data stores, or sources/sinks.
- B) A data flow can go directly back to the same process it leaves.
- C) A data flow has a noun phrase label.
- D) A data flow has only one direction of flow between symbols.
Answer: B
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 208
100) On a data flow diagram, you may:
- A) repeat data stores
- B) repeat sources/sinks
- C) repeat processes
- D) both A and B
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 208
101) The lowest level of DFDs is called:
- A) level-0 diagrams
- B) context diagrams
- C) level-1 diagrams
- D) primitive data flow diagrams
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 209
102) A DFD that is a result of three nested decompositions of a series of subprocesses from a process on a level-0 diagram defines a:
- A) level-3 diagram
- B) level-1 diagram
- C) level-2 diagram
- D) primitive diagram
Answer: A
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 210
103) The conservation of inputs and outputs to a data flow diagram process when that process is decomposed to a lower level defines:
- A) decomposition
- B) balancing
- C) conservation
- D) data flow structuring
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 211
104) If a data flow appears on the context diagram and is also represented at level-0, this would be referred to as:
- A) leveling
- B) flow conservation
- C) balancing
- D) matching
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 211
105) If an input from a source appears at level-0, it must:
- A) appear on the context diagram
- B) be connected to a data flow
- C) be connected to a sink
- D) be connected to a data store
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 212
106) Which of the following is not an advanced rule governing data flow diagramming?
- A) To avoid having data flow lines cross each other, data stores may be repeated on a DFD.
- B) At the lowest level of DFDs, new data flows may be added to represent data that are transmitted under exceptional conditions.
- C) Composite data flows on one level cannot be split into component data flows at the next level.
- D) The inputs to a process must be sufficient to produce the outputs from the process.
Answer: C
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 213
107) The new logical model will differ from the current logical model by:
- A) identifying which system functions will be automated and which will be manual
- B) having additional functions, removing obsolete functions, and reorganizing inefficient flows
- C) including an identification of the “technology” used to process the data
- D) representing the physical implementation of the new system
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 215
108) If your DFD contains data flows that do not lead anywhere, it is not:
- A) gap proof
- B) a primitive diagram
- C) complete
- D) consistent
Answer: C
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 216
109) The extent to which all necessary components of a data flow diagram have been included and fully described refers to:
- A) DFD consistency
- B) DFD completeness
- C) DFD gap proofing
- D) DFD flexibility
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 216
110) Having a level-1 diagram with no level-0 diagram is an example of a:
- A) violation of completeness
- B) violation of consistency
- C) gap
- D) structuring violation
Answer: B
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 217
111) The extent to which information contained on one level of a set of nested data flow diagrams is also included on other levels refers to:
- A) DFD consistency
- B) DFD completeness
- C) DFD gap proofing
- D) DFD flexibility
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 217
112) When you believe that you have shown each business form or transaction, computer screen, and report as a single data flow, you have probably reached the:
- A) level-0 diagrams
- B) level-1 diagrams
- C) primitive data flow diagrams
- D) level-3 diagrams
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 218
113) The lowest level of decomposition for a data flow diagram is called the:
- A) context diagram
- B) level-0 diagram
- C) level-1 diagram
- D) primitive diagram
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 218
114) The process in analysis in which the analyst tries to discover discrepancies between two or more sets of data flow diagrams, representing two or more states of an information system, or discrepancies within a single DFD, is referred to as:
- A) double checking
- B) sequencing
- C) referencing
- D) gap analysis
Answer: D
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 218
115) Guidelines for drawing DFDs include the following except for:
- A) completeness
- B) consistency
- C) numbering considerations
- D) timing considerations
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 216-27
116) A DFD that is the result of n nested decompositions from a process on a level-0 diagram, is called:
- A) primitive diagram
- B) level-0 diagram
- C) context diagram
- D) level-n diagram
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 210
117) A process has a:
- A) pronoun label
- B) adjective label
- C) verb phrase label
- D) noun phrase label
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 208
118) A modeling technique that allows you to represent a set of conditions and the actions that follow from them in a tabular format best describes:
- A) data flow diagram
- B) decision table
- C) flowchart
- D) Structured English
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 221
119) A decision table does not include:
- A) statements
- B) condition stubs
- C) action stubs
- D) rules
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 221
120) The part of a decision table that links conditions to actions is the section that contains the:
- A) action statements
- B) rules
- C) condition statements
- D) decision stubs
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 221
121) A matrix representation of the logic of a decision, which specifies the possible conditions for the decision and the resulting actions, defines a:
- A) structure chart
- B) state transition diagram
- C) decision table
- D) sequence diagram
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 221
122) The part of a decision table that lists the actions that result for a given set of conditions is called:
- A) action stubs
- B) condition stubs
- C) rule section
- D) condition execution
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 258
123) The part of a decision table that lists the conditions relevant to the decision is called:
- A) action stubs
- B) condition stubs
- C) condition list
- D) condition execution
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 221
124) The part of a decision table that specifies which actions are to be followed for a given set of conditions refers to:
- A) action stubs
- B) condition list
- C) rules
- D) decision list
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 221
125) In a decision table, a condition whose value does not affect which actions are taken for two or more rules is referred to as a(n):
- A) indifferent condition
- B) static condition
- C) fixed condition
- D) flexible condition
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 222
126) If Rules 2, 4, and 6 are indifferent conditions, then:
- A) Rules 2, 4, and 6 are eliminated from the matrix
- B) the number of rules is reduced by condensing Rules 2, 4, and 6 into one rule
- C) Rules 2, 4, and 6 will result in at least two additional rules being included in the matrix
- D) Rules 2, 4, and 6 have no impact on the interpretation of the matrix
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 222
127) An indifferent condition is represented by a(n):
- A) dash (-)
- B) asterisk (*)
- C) exclamation point (!)
- D) pound sign (#)
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 222
128) Basic procedures for constructing a decision table do not include:
- A) listing all possible rules
- B) naming the conditions and the values each condition can assume
- C) identifying selection criteria
- D) simplifying the decision table
Answer: C
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 222-223
129) When condition values are either “yes” or “no”, these values are called a(n):
- A) extended entry
- B) simple entry
- C) complex entry
- D) limited entry
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 222
130) A condition that has more than two values is a(n):
- A) extended entry
- B) simple entry
- C) complex entry
- D) limited entry
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 222
131) To determine the number of rules required for the decision table, you would:
- A) add the number of values for each condition to the number of values for every other condition
- B) multiply the number of conditions by two
- C) add the number of values for each condition to the number of values for every other condition, then subtract 1
- D) multiply the number of values for each condition by the number of values for every other condition
Answer: D
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 222
132) Assume we have three conditions. Condition one has two values; condition two has three values; condition three has three values. How many rules are needed?
- A) 8
- B) 6
- C) 5
- D) 18
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 222
133) Assume the first condition has two values; the second condition has two values; the third condition has three values. How many rules will there be?
- A) 7
- B) 12
- C) 6
- D) 11
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 222
134) Assume the first condition has four values; the second condition has two values; the third condition has two values. How many rules will there be?
- A) 8
- B) 7
- C) 16
- D) 24
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 222
135) A decision table is simplified by:
- A) removing extended entries
- B) removing any rules with impossible actions
- C) removing simple entries
- D) removing any rules with static actions
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 223
136) Removing any rules with impossible actions to make which of the following simple as possible?
- A) activity diagram
- B) decision table
- C) structure chart
- D) hierarchical chart
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 223
137) A __________ represents data at rest, which may take the form of many different physical representations.
Answer: data store
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 203
138) On a data flow diagram, supplier information kept in a notebook is represented as a __________.
Answer: data store
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 203
139) __________ are the works or actions performed on data so that they are transformed, stored, or distributed.
Answer: Processes
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 203
140) Determining an employee’s schedule is an example of a __________.
Answer: process
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 204
141) __________ is the origin and/or destination of data.
Answer: Source/sink
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 203
142) An __________ represents a data flow.
Answer: arrow
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 203
143) In the DeMarco and Yourdon model, the symbol for a data store is __________.
Answer: two parallel lines
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 203
144) The symbol for sources/sinks is a __________.
Answer: square
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 203
145) A __________ is a data flow diagram of the scope of an organizational system that shows the system boundaries, external entities that interact with a system, and the major information flows between entities and the system.
Answer: context diagram
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 206
146) A __________ is a data flow diagram that represents a system’s major processes, data flows, and data stores at a high level of detail.
Answer: level-0 diagram
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 207
147) A __________ is a picture of the movement of data between external entities and the processes and the data stores within a system.
Answer: data flow diagram
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 207
148) __________ is an iterative process of breaking the description of a system down into finer and finer detail, which creates a set of charts in which one process on a given chart is explained in greater detail on another chart.
Answer: Functional decomposition
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 208
149) A __________ is a DFD that is the result of n nested decomposition of a series of subprocesses from a process on a level-0 diagram.
Answer: level-n diagram
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 210
150) __________ is the conservation of inputs and outputs to a data flow diagram process when that process is decomposed to a lower level.
Answer: Balancing
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 211
151) __________ is the extent to which all necessary components of a data flow diagram have been included and fully described.
Answer: DFD completeness
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 216
152) If your DFD contains data flows that do not lead anywhere, then your DFD violates the __________ guideline.
Answer: DFD completeness
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 217
153) The five guidelines for drawing DFDs include __________, __________, __________, the __________, and __________.
Answer: completeness, consistency, timing considerations, iterative nature of drawing DFDs, drawing primitive DFDs
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 216-217
154) __________ is the extent to which information contained on one level of a set of nested data flow diagrams is also included on other levels.
Answer: DFD consistency
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 217
155) If a data flow appears on a higher-level DFD but not on lower levels, this situation violates the __________ guideline.
Answer: DFD consistency
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 217
156) A __________ is the lowest level of decomposition for a data flow diagram.
Answer: primitive DFD
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 218
157) __________ is the process of discovering discrepancies between two or more sets of data flow diagrams or discrepancies within a single DFD.
Answer: Gap analysis
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 218
158) Data flow diagrams are useful for modeling processes in __________.
Answer: business process reengineering (BPR)
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 219
159) Learning the mechanics of drawing __________ is important.
Answer: data flow diagrams
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 216
160) __________ on a DFD have unique names.
Answer: Objects
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 208
161) The __________ to a process are different from the outputs of that process.
Answer: inputs
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 207
162) A __________ is a matrix representation of the logic of a decision, which specifies the possible conditions for the decision and the resulting actions.
Answer: decision table
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 221
163) __________ are the part of a decision table that lists the conditions relevant to the decision.
Answer: Condition stubs
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 221
164) __________ are the part of a decision table that lists the actions that result for a given set of conditions.
Answer: Action stubs
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 221
165) __________ are the part of a decision table that specifies which actions are to be followed for a given set of conditions.
Answer: Rules
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 221
166) The three parts of a decision table are __________, __________, and __________.
Answer: condition stubs, action stubs, rules
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 221
167) The __________ section is the part of the decision table that link the conditions to actions.
Answer: rules
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 221
168) An __________ is a condition in a decision table whose value does not affect which actions are taken for two or more rules.
Answer: indifferent condition
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 222
169) In a decision table, an indifferent condition is represented with a __________.
Answer: dash
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 222
170) If condition one has four values, condition two has five values, condition three has two values, and condition four has three values, then the number of rules required for the decision table is __________.
Answer: 120
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 222
171) When you first create a __________, you have to create an exhaustive set of rules.
Answer: decision table
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 222
172) When constructing a __________, you usually follow a set of basic procedures.
Answer: decision table
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 222
Match each of the following terms with its description.
- source/sink
- level-0 diagram
- data flow
- data store
- balancing
- DFD completeness
- DFD consistency
- level-n diagram
- primitive DFD
- process
- gap analysis
173) Data in motion, moving from one place in a system to another.
Answer: c
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 203
174) A data flow diagram that represents a system’s major processes, data flows, and data stores at a high level of detail.
Answer: b
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 207
175) The conservation of inputs and outputs to a data flow diagram process when that process is decomposed to a lower level.
Answer: e
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 211
176) The origin and/or destination of data, sometimes referred to as external entities.
Answer: a
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 203
177) The extent to which all necessary components of a data flow diagram have been included and fully described.
Answer: f
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 216
178) The work or actions performed on data so that they are transformed, stored, or distributed.
Answer: j
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 203
179) The extent to which information contained on one level of a set of nested data flow diagrams is also included on other levels.
Answer: g
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 217
180) The process of discovering discrepancies between two or more sets of data flow diagrams or discrepancies within a single DFD.
Answer: k
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 218
181) Data at rest, which may take the form of many different physical representations.
Answer: d
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 203
182) The lowest level of decomposition for a data flow diagram.
Answer: i
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 218
183) A DFD that is the result of n nested decompositions from a process on a level-0 diagram.
Answer: h
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 210
Match each of the data flow diagramming symbols with corresponding examples. (Answers may occur more than once.)
- process
- data flow
- source/sink
- data store
184) Customer order form
Answer: b
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 203
185) Customer
Answer: c
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 203
186) Generate paycheck
Answer: a
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 203
187) Calculating overtime pay
Answer: a
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 203
188) Sales report
Answer: b
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 203
189) Computing a grade point average
Answer: a
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 203
190) Preparing a purchase order
Answer: a
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 203
191) Teller
Answer: c
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 203
192) Student enrollment file
Answer: d
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 203
193) Supplier
Answer: c
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 203
For each of the following statements, answer “A” if the statement is a true data flow diagramming rule, and answer “B” if the rule is false.
194) Data can move directly from one data store to another data store.
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 208
195) A process has a noun phrase label.
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 208
196) Objects on a DFD have unique names.
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 208
197) A data flow to a data store means update.
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 208
198) Data can move directly from an outside source to a data store.
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 208
199) A data store has a verb phrase label.
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 208
200) A data flow is bi-directional between symbols.
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 208
201) A join in a data flow means that exactly the same data comes from any of two or more different processes, data stores, or sources/sinks to a common location.
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 208
202) The inputs to a process are different from the outputs of that process.
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 208
203) A process can have only inputs.
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 208
204) Data cannot move directly to an outside sink from a data store.
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 208
205) A data flow has a verb phrase label.
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 208
206) A data flow cannot go directly back to the same process it leaves.
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 208
207) A source/sink has a noun phrase label.
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 208
208) A fork in a data flow means that exactly the same data goes from a common location to two or more different processes, data stores, or sources/sinks.
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 208
209) Data can move directly from a source to a sink.
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 208
210) A data flow from a data store means retrieve or use.
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 208
211) There must be at least one other process that handles the data flow, produces some other data flow, and returns the original data flow to the beginning process.
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 208
212) A process must have both inputs and outputs.
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 208
Match each of the following terms with its description.
- gap analysis
- functional decomposition
- process modeling
- balancing
- DFD completeness
213) Graphically representing the functions that capture, manipulate, store, and distribute data between a system and its environment and between components within a system.
Answer: c
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 201
214) Breaking a larger system into smaller subsystems or processes.
Answer: b
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 208
215) Using data flow diagrams to discover discrepancies between two or more sets of data flow diagrams, representing two or more states of an information system, or discrepancies within a single DFD.
Answer: a
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 218
216) The extent to which all necessary components of a data flow diagram have been included and fully described.
Answer: e
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 216
217) The conservation of inputs and outputs to a data flow diagram process when that process is decomposed to a lower level.
Answer: d
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 211
Match each of the following terms with its corresponding description.
- limited entry
- extended entry
- action stubs
- condition stubs
- decision table
- indifferent condition
- rules
218) A matrix representation of the logic of a decision, which specifies the possible conditions for the decision and the resulting actions.
Answer: e
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 221
219) The part of the decision table that lists the actions that result for a given set of conditions.
Answer: c
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 221
220) Occurs when the condition values are simply “yes” or “no.”
Answer: a
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 222
221) The part of the decision table that specifies which actions are to be followed for a given set of conditions.
Answer: g
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 221
222) The part of a decision table that lists the conditions relevant to the decision.
Answer: d
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 221
223) Occurs when the condition values are more than two.
Answer: b
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 222
224) This occurs when a value does not affect which actions are taken for two or more rules.
Answer: f
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 258
225) Discuss the guidelines for drawing a DFD.
Answer: The guidelines for constructing DFDs are completeness, consistency, timing considerations, the iterative nature of drawing DFDs, and drawing primitive DFDs. Completeness refers to the extent to which all necessary components of a data flow diagram have been included and fully described. Consistency refers to the extent to which information contained on one level of a set of nested data flow diagrams is also included on other levels. Timing is not indicated on DFDs. Iterative development recognizes that requirements determination and requirements structuring are interacting analysis subphases. Primitive DFDs are the lowest level of decomposition for a data flow diagram. The analyst must make a determination of when he/she has reached the primitive level DFDs.
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 216-217
226) Briefly describe the data flow diagramming symbols. Provide one example of each.
Answer: A process is the work or action performed on data and is represented by a circle. A data store represents data at rest and is represented by two parallel lines. A data flow represents data in motion and is represented by an arrow. A source/sink is the origin or destination of data. Sources and sinks are identified by square symbols. Computing a grade point average is an example of a process. A file folder containing orders is an example of a data store. An enrollment form being routed through the enrollment center is representative of a data flow. A student enrolling in school is representative of a source/sink.
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 203
227) Briefly discuss how DFDs can be used as analysis tools.
Answer: Data flow diagrams are used to model both the physical and logical systems. DFDs are analyzed to identify possible inconsistencies that exist between two sets of diagrams or within a single DFD. Redundant data flows, procedural redundancies, and inefficiencies are identified by studying data flow diagrams.
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 216-217
228) What is meant by DFD completeness? What is meant by DFD consistency?
Answer: DFD completeness is the extent to which all necessary components of a data flow diagram have been included and fully described. DFD consistency is the extent to which information contained on one level of a set of nested data flow diagrams is also included on other levels.
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 216-217
229) What is gap analysis? Why is gap analysis useful?
Answer: Gap analysis is the process of discovering discrepancies between two or more sets of data flow diagrams or discrepancies within a single DFD. Gap analysis is used to identify inconsistencies with DFDs, determine which processes should be added or revised, and compare alternative logical DFDs.
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 219
230) What is process modeling? Identify three types of process models.
Answer: Process modeling involves graphically representing the functions that capture, transform, store, and distribute data. Data flow diagramming, functional hierarchy modeling, and Oracle’s process modeler are three types of process models.
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 201
231) Identify six concrete rules for stopping the decomposition process.
Answer: The rules include: (1) when you have reduced each process to a single decision or calculation or to a single database operation; (2) when each data store represents data about a single entity; (3) when the system user does not care to see any more detail or when you and other analysts have documented sufficient detail to do subsequent systems development tasks; (4) when every data flow does not need to be split further to show that different data are handled in different ways; (5) when you believe that you have shown each business form or transaction, computer online display, and report as a single data flow; and (6) when you believe there is a separate process for each choice on all lowest-level menu options for the system.
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 218
232) Identify the deliverables for process modeling.
Answer: The deliverables include a context data flow diagram, DFDs for the current physical system, DFDs for the current logical system, DFDs for the proposed logical system, and thorough descriptions of each DFD component.
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 202
233) For the following situation, draw a context-level diagram and a level-0 data flow diagram. Kellogg State Bank provides car and home loans to its banking customers. Initially, a potential loan customer meets with a Kellogg loan officer, requests a loan for a certain amount and time frame, and completes a loan application. Next, the loan officer determines the customer’s credit standing, the type of loan required, and available interest rates. While the loan officer can authorize car loans for credit worthy customers, a loan committee must approve all home loans.
Answer: A suggested context-level data flow diagram is provided below.
A suggested level-0 data flow diagram is provided below.
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 213-215
234) Briefly discuss modeling logic with decision tables.
Answer: A decision table is a matrix representation of the logic of a decision and specifies the possible conditions for the decision and the resulting actions. Decision tables facilitate the diagramming of process logic when the logic is reasonably complicated. Decision tables consist of three parts: condition stubs, action stubs, and rules. Condition stubs list the conditions relevant to the decision. Action stubs list the actions that result for a given set of conditions. Rules specify which actions are to be followed for a given set of conditions.
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 221-222
235) Identify the five basic procedures to follow when constructing a decision table.
Answer: The five basic procedures are (1) name the conditions and the values each condition can assume, (2) name all possible actions that can occur, (3) list all possible rules, (4) define the actions for each rule, and (5) simplify the decision table.
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 222-223
236) An individual wishes to withdraw cash from an ATM machine. Prepare a decision table to represent this situation. Please note any assumptions that you make.
Answer: A suggested answer is provided below.
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 221-223
