1. Life-span development covers the period from __________ to __________.
A. birth; middle adulthood
B. birth; old age
C. conception; early adulthood
D. conception; death
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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty Level: Basic
Learning Objective: Discuss the distinctive features of a life-span perspective on development.
Topic: Studying Life-Span Development
2. Which of the following gives the BEST description of how life-span psychologists describe "development"?
A. the pattern of movement or change that begins at conception and lasts through the human life span
B. the pattern or movement of change that begins at conception and forms an adult’s personality and physiology
C. the growth in skills and processes experienced from childhood through adolescence
D. the change in personality and perspective experienced by individuals between adolescence and adulthood
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APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domains
Bloom's Taxonomy: Understand
Difficulty Level: Basic
Learning Objective: Discuss the distinctive features of a life-span perspective on development.
Topic: Studying Life-Span Development
3. Life-span development is the study of human development from conception to death. Historically, however, most of the focus has been on which age group?
A. birth to adolescence
B. young adulthood
C. adulthood
D. old age
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APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domains
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty Level: Basic
Learning Objective: Discuss the distinctive features of a life-span perspective on development.
Topic: Studying Life-Span Development
4. The upper boundary of the human lifespan is __________ years.
A. 105
B. 117
C. 122
D. 131
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APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domains
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty Level: Basic
Learning Objective: Discuss the distinctive features of a life-span perspective on development.
Topic: Characteristics of Life-Span Perspective
5. Although the maximum life span of humans has not changed, during the twentieth century, life expectancy
A. in the United States increased by 15 years.
B. in the world increased by 15 years.
C. in the United States increased by 30 years.
D. in the world increased by 30 years.
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APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domains
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty Level: Basic
Learning Objective: Discuss the distinctive features of a life-span perspective on development.
Topic: Characteristics of Life-Span Perspective
6. According to life-span development expert Paul Baltes, which age period dominates development?
A. infancy–childhood
B. adolescence–early adulthood
C. middle-aged to late adulthood
D. No single age group dominates development.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domains
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty Level: Basic
Learning Objective: Discuss the distinctive features of a life-span perspective on development.
Topic: Characteristics of Life-Span Perspective
7. Diana feels that her human development course overemphasizes the changes that occur from birth to adolescence and disregards the developmental issues of adulthood. Which developmental perspective would address her concerns?
A. traditional
B. life-span
C. ethological
D. ecological
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APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology
Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: Discuss the distinctive features of a life-span perspective on development.
Topic: Characteristics of Life-Span Perspective
8. Some professors want to teach about the life-span approach in a Human Development course, whereas others want to keep the traditional developmental approach. They disagree about
A. the plasticity of development.
B. the multidimensional nature of development.
C. whether development is lifelong.
D. whether development is multidirectional.
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APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology
Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: Discuss the distinctive features of a life-span perspective on development.
Topic: Characteristics of Life-Span Perspective
9. Baltes describes development as multidirectional. What does this mean?
A. Development is not dominated by any single age period.
B. Development consists of biological, cognitive, and socioemotional dimensions.
C. Development is characterized by the expansion of some dimensions and the shrinking of others.
D. Development needs psychologists, sociologists, biologists, and neuroscientists to work together in unlocking the mysteries of development.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Bloom's Taxonomy: Understand
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: Discuss the distinctive features of a life-span perspective on development.
Topic: Characteristics of Life-Span Perspective
10. Kathy believes that life-span development cannot be studied without considering biological, social, and cognitive aspects. Kathy believes that development is
A. lifelong.
B. multidirectional.
C. multidimensional.
D. plastic.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology
Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: Discuss the distinctive features of a life-span perspective on development.
Topic: Characteristics of Life-Span Perspective
11. Researchers increasingly study the development of adulthood. This implies that development is
A. lifelong.
B. multidisciplinary.
C. multidirectional.
D. contextual.
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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Bloom's Taxonomy: Understand
Difficulty Level: Basic
Learning Objective: Discuss the distinctive features of a life-span perspective on development.
Topic: Characteristics of Life-Span Perspective
12. Which of the following is NOT among Paul Baltes' eight characteristics of the life-span perspective on development?
A. lifelong and multidirectional
B. multidimensional and plastic
C. contextual
D. unidirectional
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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty Level: Basic
Learning Objective: Discuss the distinctive features of a life-span perspective on development.
Topic: Characteristics of Life-Span Perspective
13. The capacity for acquiring second and third languages decreases after early childhood, whereas experiential wisdom increases with age. This is an example of how development is
A. lifelong.
B. multidisciplinary.
C. multidirectional.
D. contextual.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology
Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: Discuss the distinctive features of a life-span perspective on development.
Topic: Characteristics of Life-Span Perspective
14. Which of the following is an example of how development is contextual?
A. Reasoning ability is biologically finite and cannot be improved through retraining.
B. Parents in the United States are more likely to rear their children to be independent than parents in Japan.
C. Older adults call on experience to guide their decision making.
D. Intelligence may be studied by looking at genetics, anthropology, sociology, and other disciplines.
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APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology
Bloom's Taxonomy: Understand
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: Discuss the distinctive features of a life-span perspective on development.
Topic: Characteristics of Life-Span Perspective
15. In the United States, most individuals begin school around age 5, whereas in Australia they start at 3. This is an illustration of how development is
A. lifelong.
B. multidisciplinary.
C. multidirectional.
D. contextual.
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APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology
Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: Discuss the distinctive features of a life-span perspective on development.
Topic: Characteristics of Life-Span Perspective
16. Normative age-graded influences, normative history-graded influences, and nonnormative life events are all ways in which development can be classified as
A. multidirectional.
B. multidimensional.
C. contextual.
D. plastic.
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APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty Level: Basic
Learning Objective: Discuss the distinctive features of a life-span perspective on development.
Topic: Characteristics of Life-Span Perspective
17. Anna attributes her thriftiness to having been raised during the Great Depression. This is an example of a
A. nonnormative life event.
B. normative history-graded influence.
C. normative age-graded influence.
D. nonnormative age-graded influence.
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APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology
Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: Discuss the distinctive features of a life-span perspective on development.
Topic: Characteristics of Life-Span Perspective
18. The fact that I use e-mail virtually every day and my mother has never sent or received an e-mail is an example of a difference in
A. normative history-graded influences.
B. nonnormative life events.
C. normative age-graded influences.
D. nonnormative age-graded influence.
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APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology
Bloom's Taxonomy: Understand
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: Discuss the distinctive features of a life-span perspective on development.
Topic: Characteristics of Life-Span Perspective
19. Biological processes such as puberty and menopause are
A. nonnormative life events.
B. normative age-graded influences.
C. normative history-graded influences.
D. normative contextual influences.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Bloom's Taxonomy: Understand
Difficulty Level: Basic
Learning Objective: Discuss the distinctive features of a life-span perspective on development.
Topic: Characteristics of Life-Span Perspective
20. Neleh was on a popular reality TV show and got widespread exposure. This is an example of a
A. nonnormative life event.
B. normative age-graded influence.
C. normative history-graded influence.
D. normative contextual influence.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology
Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply
Difficulty Level: Difficult
Learning Objective: Discuss the distinctive features of a life-span perspective on development.
Topic: Characteristics of Life-Span Perspective
21. Lauro is 83 years old. Much of his development will now focus on
A. growth and maintenance.
B. maintenance and regulation of loss.
C. increasing plasticity.
D. growth and regulation of loss.
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APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology
Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply
Difficulty Level: Basic
Learning Objective: Discuss the distinctive features of a life-span perspective on development.
Topic: Characteristics of Life-Span Perspective
22. Contemporary concerns in life-span development perspective include
A. health and well-being issues.
B. parenting and education issues.
C. sociocultural, ethnicity, gender, and policy issues.
D. All of these answers are correct.
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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty Level: Basic
Learning Objective: Discuss the distinctive features of a life-span perspective on development.
Topic: Contemporary Concerns
23. Of special consideration for social policy intervention are children who grow up
A. in poverty.
B. in single-parent homes.
C. in very rural or very urban environments.
D. as part of a minority group.
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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty Level: Basic
Learning Objective: Discuss the distinctive features of a life-span perspective on development.
Topic: Contemporary Concerns
24. Children living in poverty are more likely to
A. be separated from a parent.
B. be exposed to violence.
C. be exposed to family turmoil.
D. be in all these situations.
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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: Discuss the distinctive features of a life-span perspective on development.
Topic: Contemporary Concerns
25. The U.S. percentage of children living in poverty is
A. only half as much as some other industrialized nations.
B. more than twice as much as that in Canada.
C. lowest among the industrial countries.
D. not high enough to draw people’s concerns.
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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty Level: Basic
Learning Objective: Discuss the distinctive features of a life-span perspective on development.
Topic: Contemporary Concerns
26. A primary concern in relation to social policy for older adults is
A. negative public attitudes and prejudices.
B. the increase in elder abuse.
C. access to health care and personal support.
D. the need for funding public pensions.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty Level: Basic
Learning Objective: Discuss the distinctive features of a life-span perspective on development.
Topic: Contemporary Concerns
27. At age 3, Jillian is beginning to engage her imagination. This is the _______ process of Jillian's life-span development.
A. ecological
B. biological
C. socioemotional
D. cognitive
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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: Identify the most important processes, periods, and issues in development.
Topic: Cognitive Processes
28. Diego feels a strong happiness that he never had before as he holds his newborn child. This signifies development in the _______ process.
A. neurological
B. biological
C. socioemotional
D. cognitive
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APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology
Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: Identify the most important processes, periods, and issues in development.
Topic: Socioemotional Processes
29. Doctors measure and chart a baby's height, weight, and head growth at each medical checkup. What processes are being tracked?
A. abstract
B. biological
C. socioemotional
D. cognitive
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APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology
Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: Identify the most important processes, periods, and issues in development.
Topic: Biological Processes
30. Which of the following statements BEST describes the relationship between biological, cognitive, and socioemotional development?
A. These processes develop independently of one another.
B. The development of these processes is intricately interwoven.
C. Social development is independent of biological and cognitive development.
D. Cognitive development sets the upper limits for biological and social development.
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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Bloom's Taxonomy: Understand
Difficulty Level: Difficult
Learning Objective: Identify the most important processes, periods, and issues in development.
Topic: Biological Processes
31. The developmental period during which a being grows from a single cell to an organism complete with brain and behavioral capabilities in 9 months is called
A. prenatal.
B. infancy.
C. early childhood.
D. middle childhood.
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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty Level: Basic
Learning Objective: Identify the most important processes, periods, and issues in development.
Topic: Periods of Development
32. Children in preschool years become more self-sufficient and can care for themselves. What period of development are they in?
A. prenatal
B. infancy
C. early childhood
D. middle/late childhood
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APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology
Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: Identify the most important processes, periods, and issues in development.
Topic: Periods of Development
33. Alec is almost completely dependent on his parents and is beginning to develop his language and sensorimotor coordination. What period of development is he most likely in?
A. prenatal
B. infancy
C. early childhood
D. middle/late childhood
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology
Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: Identify the most important processes, periods, and issues in development.
Topic: Periods of Development
34. The period of early childhood typically ends when the child
A. is toilet trained.
B. learns to dress herself.
C. starts first grade.
D. has mastered reading, writing, and arithmetic.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty Level: Basic
Learning Objective: Identify the most important processes, periods, and issues in development.
Topic: Periods of Development
35. Jen has mastered the fundamental skills of how to read and write. She is mostly likely in what stage of development?
A. middle childhood
B. late childhood
C. adolescence
D. primary years
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology
Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: Identify the most important processes, periods, and issues in development.
Topic: Periods of Development
36. Of the following developmental periods, most traditional undergraduate college students would be experiencing
A. late childhood
B. emerging adulthood
C. late adulthood
D. middle adulthood
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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: Identify the most important processes, periods, and issues in development.
Topic: Periods of Development
37. Paulo is struggling to handle his first professional job and a new marriage while becoming more independent and responsible. What period of development is he most likely in?
A. late childhood
B. adolescence
C. early adulthood
D. middle adulthood
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology
Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply
Difficulty Level: Difficult
Learning Objective: Identify the most important processes, periods, and issues in development.
Topic: Periods of Development
38. Len feels greatly contented in his career. He has more time to spend with his family, contribute to community activities, and mentor young people. What period of development is he most likely in?
A. late adulthood
B. middle adulthood
C. early adulthood
D. stability and regulation
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology
Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: Identify the most important processes, periods, and issues in development.
Topic: Periods of Development
39. Margaret spends a lot of time thinking about the choices she has made in her life and the events she has witnessed. However, she needs to pay more attention to her health condition. Margaret is most likely in
A. late adolescence.
B. early adulthood.
C. middle adulthood.
D. late adulthood.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology
Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: Identify the most important processes, periods, and issues in development.
Topic: Periods of Development
40. At which of the following ages did the highest percentage of people (in the United States) report that they were happy?
A. 19 years
B. 23 years
C. 42 years
D. 88 years
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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty Level: Basic
Learning Objective: Identify the most important processes, periods, and issues in development.
Topic: Age and Happiness
41. On average, at what age do people enter the "oldest old" age group as classified by Paul Baltes and Jacqui Smith?
A. 50 years
B. 65 years
C. 75 years
D. 85 years
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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty Level: Basic
Learning Objective: Identify the most important processes, periods, and issues in development.
Topic: Periods of Development
42. What developmental period (as determined by Paul Baltes and Jacqui Smith) is marked by sizeable losses in cognitive potential, chronic stress, and frailty?
A. oldest old
B. young old
C. late adulthood
D. middle adulthood
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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty Level: Basic
Learning Objective: Identify the most important processes, periods, and issues in development.
Topic: Periods of Development
43. Each fall, the choir teacher faces the task of retraining the deepening voices of some of his male students. What period of development are these students most likely in?
A. middle childhood
B. adolescence
C. young adulthood
D. late childhood
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology
Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: Identify the most important processes, periods, and issues in development.
Topic: Periods of Development
44. Leo is 65 years old. He is coping well with his change of lifestyle and is highly motivated to learn new things. Leo is young in his __________ age.
A. social
B. biological
C. chronological
D. psychological
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APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology
Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: Identify the most important processes, periods, and issues in development.
Topic: Conceptions of Age
45. Which of the following is NOT one of the conceptions of age as described in the text?
A. biological age
B. cardiovascular age
C. social age
D. psychological age
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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty Level: Basic
Learning Objective: Identify the most important processes, periods, and issues in development.
Topic: Conceptions of Age
46. Becoming a grandmother is an example of _____ age.
A. biological
B. cognitive
C. social
D. psychological
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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Bloom's Taxonomy: Understand
Difficulty Level: Basic
Learning Objective: Identify the most important processes, periods, and issues in development.
Topic: Conceptions of Age
47. The functional capacities of a person's vital organ system indicate _____ age.
A. chronological
B. biological
C. psychological
D. social
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty Level: Basic
Learning Objective: Identify the most important processes, periods, and issues in development.
Topic: Conceptions of Age
48. Jerry is 60 years old. He has strong muscles, excellent lung capacity and very high cardiovascular health. Jerry is relatively young in his _____ age.
A. chronological
B. biological
C. psychological
D. social
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology
Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: Identify the most important processes, periods, and issues in development.
Topic: Conceptions of Age
49. A person's adaptive capacities compared with those of other individuals of the same chronological age are called _____ age.
A. psychological
B. social
C. biological
D. coping
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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty Level: Basic
Learning Objective: Identify the most important processes, periods, and issues in development.
Topic: Conceptions of Age
50. Brent has a son diagnosed with ADHD and believes that this is primarily due to genetics, given that his father had ADHD as well. Brent most likely believes that ADHD is primarily influenced by
A. nature.
B. nurture.
C. stability.
D. continuity.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology
Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: Identify the most important processes, periods, and issues in development.
Topic: Nature and Nurture
51. In the nature/nurture debate, one's _____ is related to "nature," while one's _____ is related to "nurture."
A. biological inheritance;environment
B. age; environment
C. biological inheritance; behavior
D. environment; biological inheritance
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Bloom's Taxonomy: Understand
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: Identify the most important processes, periods, and issues in development.
Topic: Nature and Nurture
52. During her intake interview, Jody's psychiatrist asks for a familial history of mental disorders, as well as for details about her childhood friends, neighborhood, and schools. The psychiatrist is gathering information related to the influence of _____ on development.
A. biology and environment
B. biology
C. environment
D. cognitive acuity and coping skills
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology
Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: Identify the most important processes, periods, and issues in development.
Topic: Nature and Nurture
53. Although Angie was somewhat irresponsible as a teen, she changed her ways when she entered college and leased her first apartment. This example most directly relates to the developmental issue of
A. stability and nature.
B. stability and change.
C. continuity and discontinuity.
D. nature and nurture.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology
Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: Identify the most important processes, periods, and issues in development.
Topic: Stability and Change
54. In the final analysis, most developmentalists tend to believe that
A. development is more continuous than discontinuous.
B. for the most part, people can't change.
C. nature is more important than nurture.
D. development is influenced by nature and nurture, and is characterized by continuity and discontinuity, and also by stability and change.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty Level: Basic
Learning Objective: Identify the most important processes, periods, and issues in development.
Topic: Nature and Nurture
Topic: Stability and Change
55. The life-span development concept of plasticity aligns most closely with which of the following?
A. stability
B. change
C. nature
D. nurture
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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Bloom's Taxonomy: Understand
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: Identify the most important processes, periods, and issues in development.
Topic: Characteristics of Life-Span Perspective
Topic: Stability and Change
56. A caterpillar spends time as a caterpillar, then a distinct period in a chrysalis, then emerges as a butterfly. In terms of development, this is
A. discontinuity.
B. continuity.
C. gradual change.
D. quantitative change.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: Identify the most important processes, periods, and issues in development.
Topic: Stability and Change
57. Tammy was shy as a child but became more outgoing and confident when she attended a university far from her hometown. This relates most directly to which developmental issue?
A. multidirectionality
B. multidimensionality
C. nature and nurture
D. stability and change
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology
Bloom's Taxonomy: Understand
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: Identify the most important processes, periods, and issues in development.
Topic: Stability and Change
58. The controversy of stability versus change is closely linked to which of the following concepts?
A. plasticity.
B. contextualism.
C. multidimensionalism.
D. multidirectionality.
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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Bloom's Taxonomy: Understand
Difficulty Level: Basic
Learning Objective: Identify the most important processes, periods, and issues in development.
Topic: Characteristics of Life-Span Perspective
Topic: Stability and Change
59. Conceptualize a problem to be studied, collect research information, analyze data, and draw conclusions. These steps describe
A. discontinuity in development.
B. the scientific method.
C. a hypothesis.
D. a theory.
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APA Outcome: 2.2: Demonstrate psychology information literacy
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty Level: Basic
Learning Objective: Describe the main theories of human development.
Topic: Scientific Method
60. Nala decides to explore teenage pregnancy prevention for her Master's thesis. According to the scientific method, what should be her first step in getting started?
A. Analyze the information she has gathered.
B. Draw conclusions from the collected data.
C. Conceptualize the problem to be studied.
D. Begin to collect information.
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APA Outcome: 2.2: Demonstrate psychology information literacy
Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: Describe the main theories of human development.
Topic: Scientific Method
61. Which of the following statements is NOT true of a theory?
A. A theory is an interrelated, coherent set of ideas that helps explain phenomena.
B. A theory is an interrelated, coherent set of ideas that helps make predictions.
C. When studying a topic, it is advisable to choose one developmental theory and disregard all others.
D. A theory is an interrelated, coherent set of ideas that may suggest hypotheses.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 2.2: Demonstrate psychology information literacy
Bloom's Taxonomy: Understand
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: Describe the main theories of human development.
Topic: Scientific Method
62. Psychoanalytic theories hold that development primarily depends on
A. the unconscious mind.
B. thinking, reasoning, language, and other cognitive processes.
C. behavior's link to environment.
D. biology and evolution.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty Level: Basic
Learning Objective: Describe the main theories of human development.
Topic: Psychoanalytic Theory
63. Psychoanalytic theories stress what in development?
A. the child’s cognitive creativity
B. genes inherited from parents
C. late experiences with parents
D. early experiences with parents
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty Level: Basic
Learning Objective: Describe the main theories of human development.
Topic: Psychoanalytic Theory
64. Ben has repressed his sexual urges and has started to develop social and intellectual skills. Ben is in the psychosexual stage called the _____ stage.
A. phallic
B. anal
C. latency
D. oral
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APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology
Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply
Difficulty Level: Basic
Learning Objective: Describe the main theories of human development.
Topic: Freud's Theory
65. Erikson's theory emphasizes which of the following stages of human development?
A. experiences in early life
B. psychosexual
C. experiences in late life
D. psychosocial
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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Bloom's Taxonomy: Understand
Difficulty Level: Basic
Learning Objective: Describe the main theories of human development.
Topic: Erikson's Psychosocial Theory
66. Each stage in Erikson's theory presents a crisis that must be resolved. These crises are
A. developmental landmarks with increased vulnerability.
B. developmental landmarks with both increased vulnerability and enhanced potentials.
C. catastrophic events that toughen the individual for future crises.
D. developmental landmarks with enhanced potentials.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Bloom's Taxonomy: Understand
Difficulty Level: Basic
Learning Objective: Describe the main theories of human development.
Topic: Erikson's Psychosocial Theory
67. According to Erikson, a preschooler is in the _____ stage.
A. trust versus mistrust
B. initiative versus guilt
C. industry versus inferiority
D. identity versus identity confusion
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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Bloom's Taxonomy: Understand
Difficulty Level: Basic
Learning Objective: Describe the main theories of human development.
Topic: Erikson's Psychosocial Theory
68. At the airport, 4-year-old Kelly’s mom encourages her to help with dragging the bags off the luggage carousel. According to Erikson's stage theory, Kelly's mom is helping Kelly develop
A. trust.
B. her identity.
C. initiative.
D. altruism.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology
Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: Describe the main theories of human development.
Topic: Erikson's Psychosocial Theory
69. The successful outcome of Erikson's stage of _____ results in a healthy sense of independence.
A. autonomy versus shame and doubt
B. initiative versus guilt
C. industry versus inferiority
D. identity versus identity confusion
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty Level: Basic
Learning Objective: Describe the main theories of human development.
Topic: Erikson's Psychosocial Theory
70. Piaget theorized that children move through distinct stages of cognitive development, with each stage being qualitatively different from the one preceding. His theory reflects which aspect of developmental philosophy?
A. discontinuity
B. multidirectionality
C. stability
D. nature
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 2.2: Demonstrate psychology information literacy
Bloom's Taxonomy: Understand
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: Describe the main theories of human development.
Topic: Piaget's Cognitive Development Theory
71. If you believe that development occurs in stages, and you focus on cognitive development in an attempt to explain how children actively construct their own view of the world, then you are mostly likely to believe the development theory of
A. Vygotsky.
B. Piaget.
C. Erikson.
D. Freud.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: Describe the main theories of human development.
Topic: Piaget's Cognitive Development Theory
72. While maintaining that children actively construct their knowledge, Vygotsky focused on _____ in explaining child cognitive development.
A. social interaction.
B. concrete operations.
C. formal operations.
D. organization and adaptation.
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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Bloom's Taxonomy: Understand
Difficulty Level: Basic
Learning Objective: Describe the main theories of human development.
Topic: Vygotsky's Sociocultural Cognitive Theory
73. Carlos is just starting to learn about the world. According to Vygotsky’s sociocultural cognitive theory, which of the following would be among the most important tools he will use to do this?
A. mobility
B. sensory perceptions
C. language
D. physical tools
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APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology
Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: Describe the main theories of human development.
Topic: Vygotsky's Sociocultural Cognitive Theory
74. Who among the following is a cognitive theorist?
A. Vygotsky
B. Freud
C. Erikson
D. both Freud and Erikson
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APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domains
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty Level: Basic
Learning Objective: Describe the main theories of human development.
Topic: Vygotsky's Sociocultural Cognitive Theory
75. Which of the following is a central focus of the information-processing approach?
A. the influence of culture on development
B. how individuals store and retrieve information
C. the stage-like advances in an individual’s capability to recognize internal cognitive processes
D. the influence of biology and evolution on an individual's development
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domains
Bloom's Taxonomy: Understand
Difficulty Level: Basic
Learning Objective: Describe the main theories of human development.
Topic: Information-Processing Theory
76. Which of the following theories emphasizes that people manipulate and monitor information and strategize about it?
A. ethological theory
B. Piaget's cognitive development theory
C. information-processing theory
D. psychoanalytic theory
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domains
Bloom's Taxonomy: Understand
Difficulty Level: Basic
Learning Objective: Describe the main theories of human development.
Topic: Information-Processing Theory
77. Which of the following theories is NOT a stage theory and claims that development is continuous rather than discontinuous?
A. Erikson's theory of psychosocial development
B. Freud's theory of personality development
C. the information-processing theory
D. Piaget's theory of cognitive development
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty Level: Basic
Learning Objective: Describe the main theories of human development.
Topic: Information-Processing Theory
78. Behaviorism argues that we should only study scientifically that which can be _____ and _____.
A. observed; measured
B. observed; changed
C. learned; changed
D. rewarded; punished
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APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domains
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty Level: Basic
Learning Objective: Describe the main theories of human development.
Topic: Skinner's Operant Conditioning
79. Nathan bites his hand frequently throughout the day. According to Skinner, the BEST way to solve this problem is to
A. explore experiences from Nathan's early childhood.
B. administer an IQ test to determine Nathan's cognitive potential.
C. determine how Nathan's expectations about success have led him to develop this behavior.
D. show disapproval responses whenever Nathan bites his hand, and provide encouragement when he refrains from doing so.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology
Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: Describe the main theories of human development.
Topic: Skinner's Operant Conditioning
80. Which theory would provide the BEST support for your belief in using incentives and time-outs as ways to help children behave?
A. Skinner's behaviorism
B. Piaget's cognitive theory
C. Erikson's psychosocial stages
D. Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domains
Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: Describe the main theories of human development.
Topic: Skinner's Operant Conditioning
81. Which of the following is a criticism of behavioral and social cognitive theories?
A. devotes inadequate attention to environmental determinants
B. devotes inadequate attention to developmental changes
C. devotes inadequate attention to behavioral changes
D. devotes inadequate attention to how people learn
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APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domains
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty Level: Basic
Learning Objective: Describe the main theories of human development.
Topic: Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory
82. A major common characteristic shared by behavioral and social cognitive theories is
A. the limits of scientific research.
B. environmental influences on behavior.
C. the role of unconsciousness in behavior.
D. an emphasis on the role of cognition in development.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domains
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty Level: Basic
Learning Objective: Describe the main theories of human development.
Topic: Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory
Topic: Skinner's Operant Conditioning
83. Justine repeats a phrase she has heard older students use at recess. This is an example of
A. Erikson's developmental crises.
B. Piaget's cognitive stages.
C. Skinner's operant conditioning.
D. Bandura's observational learning.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology
Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: Describe the main theories of human development.
Topic: Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory
84. Mrs. Jones uses spanking as the primary method of discipline in her household. The focus of Bandura’s early research, sometimes called modeling, suggest that her children will most likely
A. learn quickly not to disobey.
B. learn to hit others in similar situations.
C. become well-behaved people.
D. rebel and become more disobedient.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domains
Bloom's Taxonomy: Understand
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: Describe the main theories of human development.
Topic: Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory
85. The process by which some organisms become attached to the first moving object they see is called
A. positive reinforcement.
B. bonding.
C. sensitive period.
D. imprinting.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty Level: Basic
Learning Objective: Describe the main theories of human development.
Topic: Ethological Theory
86. Which theory most strongly emphasizes the role of biology and evolution in development?
A. ecological
B. behavioral
C. cognitive
D. ethological
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domains
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
Difficulty Level: Basic
Learning Objective: Describe the main theories of human development.
Topic: Ethological Theory
87. Amy will be having her first child soon. She insists that she be the first to see and hold her baby after delivery in order to foster bonding. Her belief is consistent with which theory?
A. cognitive
B. ecological
C. ethological
D. behavioral
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology
Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: Describe the main theories of human development.
Topic: Ethological Theory
88. Janice found that baby geese recognize the first thing they see as their mother. Which theory would this observation support?
A. ecological
B. social learning
C. ethological
D. cognitive
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domains
Bloom's Taxonomy: Understand
Difficulty Level: Moderate
