Test Bank
to accompany
Animal Physiology, Fourth Edition
Hill • Wyse • Anderson
Chapter 1: Animals and Environments: Function on the Ecological Stage
TEST BANK QUESTIONS
Multiple Choice
1. Which statement about the discipline of physiology is false?
a. It is a key discipline for understanding how animals change over Earth’s history.
b. It is a key discipline for understanding the fundamental biology of all animals.
c. It is a key discipline for understanding human health and disease.
d. It is a key discipline for understanding the health and disease of nonhuman animals.
Answer: a
Textbook Reference: The Importance of Physiology
Bloom’s Category: 5. Evaluating
2. To understand how a fish propels itself by applying forces to the water, physiologists would study its
a. biomechanics.
b. evolution.
c. ecology.
d. cell physiology.
Answer: a
Textbook Reference: The Highly Integrative Nature of Physiology
Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding
3. The data in the graph below would be relevant to which subdiscipline of physiology?
a. Evolution
b. Cell physiology
c. Morphology
d. Ecology
Answer: d
Textbook Reference: The Highly Integrative Nature of Physiology
Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding
4. In the study of physiology, the term “_______” refers to the components of living animals and the interactions among those components that enable animals to perform as they do.
a. feedback
b. regulation
c. natural selection
d. mechanism
Answer: d
Textbook Reference: Mechanism and Origin: Physiology’s Two Central Questions
Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering
5. How is the light reaction in the firefly inhibited?
a. Mitochondria prevent oxygen from reacting with luciferyl-AMP.
b. Nitric oxide combines with oxygen to prevent reaction with luciferyl-AMP.
c. ATP is prevented from combining with luciferin.
d. Luciferase is prevented from catalyzing the reaction.
Answer: a
Textbook Reference: Mechanism and Origin: Physiology’s Two Central Questions
Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding
6. Which of the following is not needed in the mechanism of light production in the firefly?
a. Oxygen
b. ATP
c. Light
d. Luciferin
Answer: c
Textbook Reference: Mechanism and Origin: Physiology’s Two Central Questions
Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding
7. In the firefly, light is emitted when
a. ATP combines with luciferin, forming luciferyl-AMP.
b. released nitric oxide blocks the mitochondria’s use of oxygen.
c. the electron-excited product of O2 and luciferyl-AMP returns to its ground state.
d. luciferase is activated by oxygen.
Answer: c
Textbook Reference: Mechanism and Origin: Physiology’s Two Central Questions
Bloom’s Category: 5. Evaluating
8. Which of the following is considered the “on” switch for the light-emitting reaction of the firefly?
a. Oxygen
b. Luciferase
c. Nitric oxide
d. ATP
Answer: c
Textbook Reference: Mechanism and Origin: Physiology’s Two Central Questions
Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying
9. A physiological mechanism or other trait that is a product of evolution and is advantageous is called
a. an adaptation.
b. natural selection.
c. adaptive significance.
d. evolution.
Answer: a
Textbook Reference: Mechanism and Origin: Physiology’s Two Central Questions
Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering
10. What is the adaptive significance of light emission in the firefly?
a. Female fireflies emit light in such a way that distinguishes their species.
b. All fireflies emit light to lure prey.
c. Male fireflies emit light to attract mates.
d. Male fireflies emit light to evade predators.
Answer: c
Textbook Reference: Mechanism and Origin: Physiology’s Two Central Questions
Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding
11. Which of the following is a similarity between an octopus and a fish?
a. The evolutionary adaptation of excellent vision
b. The mechanism of vision
c. The processing of visual signals before reaching the optic nerve
d. The neuroanatomy of the eye
Answer: a
Textbook Reference: Mechanism and Origin: Physiology’s Two Central Questions
Bloom’s Category: 5. Evaluating
12. Research in the field of _______ physiology emphasizes synthesis across levels of biological organization.
a. evolutionary
b. comparative
c. environmental
d. integrative
Answer: d
Textbook Reference: This Book’s Approach to Physiology
Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding
13. Which statement regarding animals is true?
a. There is no distinction between an animal and its environment.
b. Once adults, animals are structurally static.
c. All animals require energy to maintain their organization.
d. Body size is significant in the lives of only small animals.
Answer: c
Textbook Reference: Animals
Bloom’s Category: 5. Evaluating
14. Most cells of an animal
a. are exposed to the external environment.
b. are exposed to the internal environment.
c. fluctuate between exposure to the external environment and the internal environment.
d. turn over while being exposed to the internal environment.
Answer: b
Textbook Reference: Animals
Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding
15.–17. Refer to the figures below.
15. Which figure refers to a physiological trait that is regulated by an organism?
a. I
b. II
c. III
d. IV
Answer: b
Textbook Reference: Animals
Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying
16. A migrating salmon regulates its internal Cl– concentration, shown in figure _______, while conforming to water temperature, shown in figure _______.
a. I; II
b. II; I
c. II; IV
d. I; III
Answer: b
Textbook Reference: Animals
Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing
17. Figure _______ shows an animal’s regulation of its body temperature as the external temperature increases. Figure _______ shows no regulation of its body temperature as external temperature increases.
a. I; II
b. II; I
c. II; IV
d. II; III
Answer: b
Textbook Reference: Animals
Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying
18. Which statement regarding physiological conformity and regulation is true?
a. All animals will eventually conform.
b. Animals are either regulators or conformers.
c. An animal cannot be both an ion regulator and a temperature conformer.
d. Conforming is more metabolically expensive than regulating.
Answer: a
Textbook Reference: Animals
Bloom’s Category: 5. Evaluating
19. The functioning of regulatory mechanisms that automatically make adjustments to maintain internal constancy is called
a. conformity.
b. feedback.
c. homeostasis.
d. regulation.
Answer: c
Textbook Reference: Animals
Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering
20. During childbirth, muscular contractions acting to expel the fetus from the uterus induce hormonal signals that induce even more intense contractions. This is an example of
a. homeostasis.
b. negative feedback.
c. a set point.
d. positive feedback.
Answer: d
Textbook Reference: Animals
Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding
21. Physiological changes that occur by alteration of gene frequencies over the course of many generations are referred to as _______ changes.
a. acute
b. chronic
c. evolutionary
d. developmental
Answer: c
Textbook Reference: Animals
Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding
22. _______ is an example of “abandoning constancy” during thermoregulation.
a. Sweating
b. Shivering
c. Hibernating
d. Huddling
Answer: c
Textbook Reference: Animals
Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying
23. What is the principal advantage of conformity?
a. The process requires a large amount of energy.
b. It allows cells to maintain a steady state.
c. Very little energy is used by this process.
d. Cells are subject to changes in their conditions.
Answer: c
Textbook Reference: Animals
Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding
24. Sweating in response to heat is an example of a(n)
a. acute change.
b. chronic change.
c. evolutionary change.
d. developmental change.
Answer: a
Textbook Reference: Animals
Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding
25.–26. Refer to the figure below.
25. What type of physiological response does the figure refer to?
a. Chronic response
b. Acute response
c. Evolutionary response
d. Developmental response
Answer: a
Textbook Reference: Animals
Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying
26. If the heat exposure were removed, the line in the diagram would
a. continue to show a plateau.
b. drop sharply.
c. gradually drop to its initial starting point.
d. drop but be maintained somewhere at the middle level.
Answer: c
Textbook Reference: Animals
Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing
27. Which response is the longest lasting?
a. Acute response
b. Chronic response
c. Evolutionary response
d. Developmental response
Answer: c
Textbook Reference: Animals
Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding
28. Rainbow trout captured and brought into a lab aquarium undergo a chronic adjustment to the conditions in the lab. This process is called
a. phenotypic plasticity.
b. feedback inhibition.
c. acclimatization.
d. acclimation.
Answer: d
Textbook Reference: Animals
Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding
29.–31. Refer to the figure below.
29. What statistical method was used to draw the trend line in the figure?
a. Phylogenetically independent contrasts
b. Ordinary least squares regression
c. Weight-specific mean
d. Logarithmic scaling
Answer: b
Textbook Reference: Animals
Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying
30. According to the figure, what is the expected gestation period of a warthog?
a. 20 weeks
b. 24 weeks
c. 30 weeks
d. 55 weeks
Answer: c
Textbook Reference: Animals
Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying
31. Which species in the figure shows an actual gestation period that is furthest from its expected gestation period?
a. Bushbuck
b. Dikdik
c. Warthog
d. Mountain zebra
Answer: d
Textbook Reference: Animals
Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying
32. Which statement regarding the Antarctic fish species rock cod is false?
a. Some species have no hemoglobin.
b. The fish metabolically synthesize antifreeze to keep from freezing.
c. The fish live their entire lives at body temperatures near –1.6°C.
d. If acclimated slowly enough, the fish can survive in tropical waters.
Answer: d
Textbook Reference: Environments
Bloom’s Category: 5. Evaluating
33. _______ can tolerate a body temperature of _______, one of the highest body temperatures recorded for any vertebrate animal.
a. Humans; 50°C
b. Thermophilic archaea; 100°C
c. The desert iguana; 48.5°C
d. Sea stars; 45.5°C
Answer: c
Textbook Reference: Environments
Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering
34.–35. Refer to the figure below.
34. This figure shows that
a. the number of butterfly species increases as one moves toward the equator.
b. butterfly populations are larger near the equator than at any other latitude.
c. the number of butterfly species increases as latitude increases.
d. the butterfly population increases as latitude increases.
Answer: a
Textbook Reference: Environments
Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying
35. The environmental factor that is most responsible for the data shown in the figure is
a. sunlight.
b. food.
c. temperature.
d. water.
Answer: c
Textbook Reference: Environments
Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing
36. In which habitat would O2 concentration most likely be the lowest?
a. A subnivean air space
b. An open meadow at 4000 m elevation
c. The bottom of a waterfall
d. Pond water with a lot of algae
Answer: d
Textbook Reference: Environments
Bloom’s Category: 5. Evaluating
37. At altitudes above _______ m, people often find simply walking uphill to be a significant challenge.
a. 5000
b. 6500
c. 9000
d. 10,000
Answer: b
Textbook Reference: Environments
Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering
38. In order to obtain O2, water-breathers face a substantially greater challenge compared to air-breathers. Which of the following is not a reason for this difference?
a. Water contains less O2 per liter than air does.
b. Water is denser than air.
c. Water can become anoxic more readily than air can.
d. Oxygen diffuses more slowly across respiratory surfaces in water than in air.
Answer: d
Textbook Reference: Environments
Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding
39. Most invertebrates that live in the ocean, such as sea stars and corals,
a. tend to lose water via osmosis.
b. must drink water.
c. must actively excrete water.
d. do not gain or lose much water.
Answer: d
Textbook Reference: Environments
Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding
40. Which animal osmotically gains the most water per gram on a daily basis?
a. Sea star
b. Goldfish
c. Coral
d. Reef fish
Answer: b
Textbook Reference: Environments
Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering
41. Certain _______ can tolerate almost complete desiccation.
a. toads
b. tardigrades
c. marine bony fish
d. goldfish
Answer: b
Textbook Reference: Environments
Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering
42. The subnivean air space is an example of a(n)
a. microenvironment.
b. desert burrow.
c. hibernating area.
d. anoxic environment.
Answer: a
Textbook Reference: Environments
Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding
43. Which process most likely leads to adaptive evolution?
a. Natural selection
b. Genetic drift
c. Bottlenecks
d. Pleiotropy
Answer: a
Textbook Reference: Evolutionary Processes
Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding
44. Which observation best demonstrates the process of evolution?
a. The increased presence of a trait favored by natural selection
b. A change of gene frequencies over time
c. The shifting of gene frequencies in a population because of random events
d. The change in an animal’s phenotype in response to environmental change
Answer: b
Textbook Reference: Evolutionary Processes
Bloom’s Category: 5. Evaluating
45. The shift in gene frequencies in smaller populations because of random deaths is referred to as
a. evolution.
b. nonadaptive evolution.
c. genetic drift.
d. pleiotropy.
Answer: c
Textbook Reference: Evolutionary Processes
Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering
46. Because of _______, populations of the mosquito Culex pipiens are experiencing increased resistance to organophosphates and _______ in areas where organophosphates are sprayed.
a. pleiotropy; reduced cold tolerance
b. maladaptation; all other insecticides
c. nonadaptive evolution; accelerated larval developmental stages
d. natural selection; altered sex ratios
Answer: a
Textbook Reference: Evolutionary Processes
Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering
47. Which conclusion was not made from the seminal 1979 paper by Gould and Lewontin?
a. Natural selection in the present environment is just one of several processes by which a species may come to exhibit a trait.
b. When physiologists refer to a trait as an adaptation, they are making a hypothesis that natural selection has occurred.
c. Data must be gathered in order to assess whether adaptation is likely to have occurred.
d. Indirect evidence cannot be used to support the hypothesis of adaptation.
Answer: d
Textbook Reference: Evolutionary Processes
Bloom’s Category: 5. Evaluating
48. Which method is based on the premise that although we cannot see evolution that occurred in the past, the many kinds of animals alive today provide us with many examples of outcomes of evolution, and patterns we identify in these outcomes may provide insights into processes that occurred long ago?
a. Studies of laboratory populations over many generations
b. The adaptation method
c. Phylogenetic reconstruction
d. The comparative method
Answer: d
Textbook Reference: Evolutionary Processes
Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding
49. Which technique for the study of adaptation was used to generate the data shown in the figure below?
a. Studies of laboratory populations over many generations
b. Single-generation studies of individual variation
c. Creation of variation for study
d. Studies of genetic structures of natural populations
Answer: b
Textbook Reference: Evolutionary Processes
Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying
50. The raw material(s) for evolution is(are)
a. trait variation.
b. natural selection.
c. clines.
d. alleles.
Answer: d
Textbook Reference: Evolutionary Processes
Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding
51.–53. Refer to the figure below.
51. What is the best caption for this figure?
a. Variation in O2 consumption.
b. Individual variation in maximum rate of O2 consumption.
c. Mean maximum rate of O2 consumption.
d. Range of maximum rate of O2 consumption.
Answer: b
Textbook Reference: Individual Variation and the Question of “Personalities” within a Population
Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying
52. Assuming the trait measured in this figure is heritable,
a. there can be no basis for natural selection to act on this trait.
b. there is no variation from which natural selection can act on this trait.
c. natural selection acts on the individuals with extreme trait measurements.
d. the variation provides the raw material for natural selection.
Answer: d
Textbook Reference: Individual Variation and the Question of “Personalities” within a Population
Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying
53. Statistically speaking, an elite weight lifter would be likely to have a maximum rate of O2 consumption
a. mostly at the extreme low end of the distribution.
b. mostly at the extreme high end of the distribution.
c. in the average range to the lower end of the distribution.
d. in the average range to the higher end of the distribution.
Answer: c
Textbook Reference: Individual Variation and the Question of “Personalities” within a Population
Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying
Short Answer
1. Using the firefly as an example, explain physiology’s two central questions—mechanism and origin.
Answer: The firefly emits a flash of light from its abdomen. The process inside the animal that results in this event is the mechanism. That is, the brain sends nerve impulses that cause the light cells to become bathed with nitric oxide, resulting in the production of excited electrons through the reaction of O2 with luciferyl-AMP. However, this explanation of the mechanism does not explain the evolutionary origin of the trait. In this case, evidence suggests that the firefly produces light for mate attraction.
Textbook Reference: Mechanism and Origin: Physiology’s Two Central Questions
Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying
2. Compare and contrast adaptation and natural selection.
Answer: Adaptation and natural selection are both concepts of evolution. Natural selection is a main process by which evolution occurs. It is the increase of gene frequencies that produce phenotypes that raises the likelihood that animals will survive and reproduce. An adaptation refers to the mechanism or trait that is the product of evolution by natural selection.
Textbook Reference: Mechanism and Origin: Physiology’s Two Central Questions
Bloom’s Category: 5. Evaluating
3. Describe three of the subdisciplines of animal physiology.
Answer: Mechanistic physiology emphasizes the study of mechanism. Evolutionary physiology emphasizes the study of evolutionary origins. Comparative physiology is the synthetic study of the function of all animals. Environmental physiology studies how animals respond physiologically to environmental conditions and challenges. Integrative physiology is a synthetic investigation of all levels of biological organization.
Textbook Reference: This Book’s Approach to Physiology
Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering
4. Compare and contrast conformity and regulation, including the advantages and disadvantages of each.
Answer: Conformity and regulation are responses of animals to changing environmental conditions. An animal that permits its internal conditions to be equal to those of the external environment is exhibiting conformity. Conformity has some energy-saving advantages, although the cells of the animal can be exposed to potentially widely varying conditions. An animal that maintains its internal conditions while external conditions change is exhibiting regulation. The advantage of regulation is internal consistency, although there is a trade-off in terms of increased energy expenditure.
Textbook Reference: Animals
Bloom’s Category: 5. Evaluating
5. Which of the five time frames in which physiology changes is represented by phenotypic plasticity? Give an example.
Answer: Phenotypic plasticity refers to the chronic, reversible physiologic changes of acclimation and acclimatization. For example, as temperatures become colder in the winter, the fur on arctic hares becomes thicker and whiter.
Textbook Reference: Animals
Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding
6. What is the importance of body size in the study of animal physiology?
Answer: Body size is important in the study of animal physiology because many physiological measurements are affected by body size. Gestation period in mammals, for example, increases in a predictable manner with body size. Metabolic rate and other factors related to metabolic rate also correlate with body size. If body size is not taken into account for certain measurements, this factor may produce most of the variation in the data collected and mask other factors.
Textbook Reference: Animals
Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding
7. A water temperature of 6°C can be lethal for both tropical fish and Antarctic fish—explain.
Answer: Not all fish species are able to survive at all water temperatures, even if given years to acclimate. Most tropical fish will die if cooled (even slowly) to 6°C. In contrast, Antarctic fish species have evolved for millions of years at –1.9°C, and even slowly warming them to 6°C will kill them.
Textbook Reference: Environments
Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding
8. Describe how the density layering of water can create anoxic zones.
Answer: Warmer water is less dense than colder water. During summer months, the water on the surface of lakes and ponds gets warmed and stays on the top for the duration of the summer, with little mixing. This leaves a colder, stagnant, bottom layer of water that will slowly lose oxygen because the microbes deplete the dissolved oxygen.
Textbook Reference: Environments
Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding
9. Explain how adaptive and nonadaptive processes can contribute to evolution.
Answer: Adaptive processes are the processes of natural selection that result in traits that provide advantages in a population. Nonadaptive evolution includes processes by which less-adaptable alleles may persist in a population. A trait may persist because of chance (genetic drift), or because it is related to another favored trait (pleiotropy), or because it was once advantageous and has not been selected against.
Textbook Reference: Evolutionary Processes
Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding
10. Explain the statement: “A trait is not an adaptation merely because it exists.”
Answer: Not all traits are evolutionary adaptations that confer an advantage. Traits can exist because of evolutionary drift and other forms of nonadaptive evolution. Even a trait that appears to be beneficial is not necessarily an evolutionary adaptation. As Gould and Lewontin point out, in order to call a trait adaptive, one must provide empirical evidence that the trait is an adaptation.
Textbook Reference: Evolutionary Processes
Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding
ONLINE QUIZ QUESTIONS
1. Which statement regarding the discipline of physiology is false?
a. Physiologists study how animals work.
b. Physiology is a key discipline for understanding the fundamental biology of all animals.
c. Physiology is a key discipline for understanding the health and disease of nonhuman animals.
d. Physiology is a key discipline for understanding the social context of human disease.
Answer: d
Textbook Reference: The Importance of Physiology
Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding
2. Which of the following is an example of a possible physiological effect a river dam could impose on migrating Pacific salmon?
a. It could completely block the salmon’s migration.
b. The salmon may get past the dam, but their efforts cost them too much energy.
c. The salmon may get past the dam, but subsequent navigation may be impaired.
d. It could slow the salmon, making them more vulnerable to predation.
Answer: b
Textbook Reference: The Highly Integrative Nature of Physiology
Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding
3. Which statement regarding fish gills best approximates the description of a mechanism?
a. Freshwater fish use ATP to pump ions inward across the gill membrane.
b. Fish with more gill surface area have an advantage in hypoxic water.
c. Gills evolved as an organ to extract oxygen from the water.
d. The larger the fish, the larger the gill surface area must be to support its metabolism.
Answer: a
Textbook Reference: Mechanism and Origin: Physiology’s Two Central Questions
Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying
4. Populations of one salmon species differ genetically, and this difference increases as the physical distance between the populations increases. This statement refers to the study of which level of organization?
a. Systems physiology
b. Morphology
c. Ecology
d. Evolution
Answer: d
Textbook Reference: Mechanism and Origin: Physiology’s Two Central Questions
Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying
5. Which is the most accurate description of the mechanism of the light-emitting reaction in the firefly?
a. Oxygen reacts with luciferin to produce light.
b. Oxygen reacts with luciferyl-AMP to produce light.
c. Nitric oxide reacts with luciferin to produce light.
d. Nitric oxide reacts with luciferyl-AMP to produce light.
Answer: b
Textbook Reference: Mechanism and Origin: Physiology’s Two Central Questions
Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering
6. The increase in frequency of genes that produce phenotypes that raise the likelihood that an animal will survive and reproduce is called
a. feedback.
b. adaptive significance.
c. natural selection.
d. adaptation.
Answer: c
Textbook Reference: Mechanism and Origin: Physiology’s Two Central Questions
Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering
7. Which statement regarding fish eyes and octopus eyes is most accurate?
a. They are similar in gross appearance and functional performance but differ in their adaptive significance and mechanisms.
b. They are similar in gross appearance, functional performance, and adaptive significance but differ in their mechanisms.
c. They are similar in gross appearance, functional performance, adaptive significance, and mechanism.
d. They differ in gross appearance, functional performance, and adaptive significance, but are similar in their mechanisms.
Answer: b
Textbook Reference: Mechanism and Origin: Physiology’s Two Central Questions
Bloom’s Category: 5. Evaluating
8. If an animal permits internal and external conditions to be equal, it is said to show
a. conformity.
b. regulation.
c. homeostasis.
d. physiological independence.
Answer: a
Textbook Reference: Animals
Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering
9. Which statement regarding conformity and regulation is false?
a. Animals can be both regulators and conformers.
b. Conformity and regulation are extremes; intermediate responses are more common.
c. Animals frequently show conformity with respect to some characteristics while regulating others.
d. Conformity costs more energy to maintain than regulation.
Answer: d
Textbook Reference: Animals
Bloom’s Category: 5. Evaluating
10. Testosterone is released by the testes in response to luteinizing hormone, released from the pituitary gland. As circulating testosterone levels rise, they act on the pituitary gland to reduce the secretion of luteinizing hormone, thus reducing the production of testosterone. This is an example of
a. positive feedback.
b. negative feedback.
c. adaptation.
d. acclimation.
Answer: b
Textbook Reference: Animals
Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying
11. The surprise of a phone call at 3:00 am results in an increase in heart rate. This is an example of a(n)
a. acute change.
b. chronic change.
c. evolutionary change.
d. change controlled by a biological clock.
Answer: a
Textbook Reference: Animals
Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying
12. An artic fox growing a thicker fur layer for the winter is an example of a(n)
a. acute change.
b. chronic change.
c. evolutionary change.
d. developmental change.
Answer: b
Textbook Reference: Animals
Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying
13. Length of gestation _______ body size in mammals.
a. is inversely proportional to
b. is independent of
c. is unrelated to
d. scales as an exponential function of
Answer: d
Textbook Reference: Animals
Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding
14. The lowest temperature inhabited by active communities of relatively large, temperature-conforming animals is
a. 1.9°C.
b. 0°C.
c. –1.9°C.
d. –10°C.
Answer: c
Textbook Reference: Environments
Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering
15. The number of species of swallowtail butterflies tends to
a. increase at high longitudes.
b. increase at low latitudes.
c. increase at high latitudes.
d. increase at high altitudes.
Answer: b
Textbook Reference: Environments
Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering
16. The altitude limit at which dedicated human climbers can climb without supplemental oxygen is about
a. 5000 m.
b. 8000 m.
c. 12,000 m.
d. 15,000 m.
Answer: b
Textbook Reference: Environments
Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying
17. In the summer, a sun-heated lake will tend to have the lowest concentration of dissolved oxygen
a. at the lake’s surface.
b. about 2 m below the lake’s surface.
c. at about the middle depth of the lake.
d. at the bottom of the lake.
Answer: d
Textbook Reference: Environments
Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying
18. For terrestrial animals, one of the greatest physiological challenges is
a. obtaining food.
b. obtaining oxygen.
c. preventing water loss.
d. locomotion.
Answer: c
Textbook Reference: Environments
Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding
19. A change of gene frequencies over time in a population of organisms is referred to as
a. evolution.
b. adaptation.
c. genetic drift.
d. pleiotropy.
Answer: a
Textbook Reference: Evolutionary Processes
Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering
20. The process of chance assuming a preeminent role in altering gene frequencies is called
a. evolution.
b. adaptation.
c. genetic drift.
d. natural selection.
Answer: c
Textbook Reference: Evolutionary Processes
Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering
21. Which statement best describes the data in the figure below?
a. All 35 mice have virtually identical maximum O2 consumption values to each other.
b. Maximum O2 consumption in the 35 mice changed over time.
c. Maximum O2 consumption varied among the 35 mice.
d. Natural selection is acting on maximum O2 consumption.
Answer: c
Textbook Reference: Individual Variation and the Question of “Personalities” within a Population
Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing
22. Variation in maximum O2 consumption rate among human populations is
a. due to both genetic and nongenetic causes.
b. primarily due to genetic causes.
c. primarily due to nongenetic causes.
d. what determines the nature of a person’s athletic ability.
Answer: a
Textbook Reference: Individual Variation and the Question of “Personalities” within a Population
Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying
