1. How do the molecules that play a role in living cells compare to those encountered in organic chemistry?
a.
They are the same, just operating in a different context.
b.
Biological molecules are organic molecules, but the similarity ends there.
c.
Biological molecules aren't similar to organic molecules at all.
d.
Biology isn't based on molecules at all, but a "vital force".
ANSWER:
a
POINTS:
1
QUESTION TYPE:
Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES:
False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
CAFA.BIOC.15.1 - New in 6e
TOPICS:
Basic Themes
DATE CREATED:
12/23/2013 2:14 PM
DATE MODIFIED:
2. Which of the following shows the correct order from most simple to most complex:
atom, molecule, organelle, macromolecule
molecule, atom, macromolecule, organelle
tissue, cell, organ
atom, macromolecule, tissue, organ
d
CAFA.BIOC.15.2 - Added in 8e
11/16/2016 1:13 AM
3. Which of the following best defines organic chemistry?
The study of compounds contained in organisms.
The study of compounds containing organs.
The study of compounds containing carbon and hydrogen and their derivatives.
The study of compounds containing elements other than carbon.
c
Chemical Foundations of Biochemistry
4. Which of the following is NOT one of the primary simple molecules that scientists believe must have ultimately led to creating living things?
ammonia
carbon dioxide
hydrogen
simple carbohydrates
CAFA.BIOC.15.3 - New in 8e
11/16/2016 12:07 AM
5. Which of the following was part of the vital force theory?
The compounds found in living things are just like those found in the non-living world.
The compounds found in living things are interesting, but can easily be produced in the laboratory.
The compounds found in living things can not be produced in the laboratory.
6. The synthesis of urea from ammonium cyanate.
was a critical component of the Miller-Urey experiment.
requires a protein as a catalyst.
helped dispel the vital force theory.
supported the vital force theory.
7. Which of the following is NOT a Functional Group
Amino group
Protein
Alcohol group
Carbonyl group
b
CAFA.BIOC.15.4 - New in 7e
8. Which of the following functional groups is specific to an alcohol?
-NH
-OH
-C=O
C=C
e.
O-P
11/23/2016 12:42 AM
9. Which of the following functional groups are not commonly seen in biomolecules?
Alkyl halides
Amides
Carboxylic acids
Ethers
Phosphate esters
CAFA.BIOC.15.5 - Modified from 5e
10. Which of the following statements regarding biomolecules is false?
They contain predominantly ionic bonds.
They contain predominantly nonmetallic elements.
Carbon is the key element.
Specific stereoisomers are essential in most cases.
11. All of the following bonds are important in biomolecules, except:
C−Cl
C−H
C−N
O−H
O−P
12. Which of the following statements regarding biopolymers is false?
Different sequences of the monomers can lead to different functions.
Only soluble polymers can be created from soluble monomers.
A wide, almost uncountable variety of polymers can be created from just a few monomers.
Different linkages between the monomers can lead to different functions.
Biopolymers can fold up into complex shapes.
13. Which statement is not correct about peptide nucleic acids, PNA?
They are combinations of peptides and nucleic acids.
Scientists create them to study the origins of life
They were proven to be the first hereditary molecule.
They may combine the catalytic properties of proteins with the information transfer ability of nucleic acid
All of these statements apply to PNA.
14. According to the big bang theory of the creation of the universe,
the universe has been getting cooler since its beginning
the initial explosion caused the creation of all of the elements of the periodic table
carbon is the most abundant element in the universe
the earth could be no older than 1 billion years
Origin of Life
15. In its earliest stages, which atoms were present in the universe?
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
hydrogen, helium, and lithium
nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorous
uranium, polonium, and radium
helium, neon, and argon
16. How are the majority of elements thought to have been formed?
By thermonuclear reactions that normally take place in stars.
In explosions of stars.
By the action of cosmic rays outside the stars since the formation of the galaxy.
All of the choices are true
None of the choices; all the elements were present from the initial Big Bang.
17. What is the chemical formula for ozone?
O2
O3
NH3
H2S
CH4
18. It is generally believed that the following gas was missing in the primordial atmosphere:
H2
CO2
e
19. A catalyst
increases the rate of a chemical reaction
increases the amount of product obtained in a chemical reaction
decreases the amount of product obtained in a chemical reaction
none of the choices
20. The genetic coding material is
protein
DNA
polysaccharide
lipid
21. The presence of two anhydride linkages is an important feature of
ATP
proteins
glucose
carbon monoxide
Origins of Life
11/16/2016 1:16 AM
22. Which of the following best describes the results of the Miller-Urey experiment?
It proved that DNA is the genetic material.
It produced proteins under conditions simulating the early Earth.
It created living cells from non-living materials.
It produced some simple organic compounds from a mixture of gases presumed to have existed in the early atmosphere.
All of these results of the Miller-Urey experiment.
23. The idea that a coding system and a catalysis system came about separately and then combined to form life as we know it is known as
the origin of life
the big bang theory
the double origen theory
the theory of evolution
Origens of Life
24. The genetic code
determines the order of sugars in a polysaccharide
has no effect on the sequence of amino acids in proteins
is the means by which the "blueprint" for living organisms is passed from one generation to the next
cannot be understood by currently available experimental methods
25. Biological catalysts are
proteins exclusively
RNA exclusively
DNA exclusively
some proteins and some RNA
26. The main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is the existence of _____ in eukaryotes.
the nucleus
ribosomes
RNA
cell walls
Prokaryotes & Eukaryotes
11/29/2016 6:44 AM
27. All of the following features are common to all living organisms, except:
Biomolecules
Metabolic pathways
Cellular structures
DNA sequences
RNA molecules
28. All eukaryotic organisms
are multicellular
have a nucleus
have chloroplasts
have a cell wall
29. Cell membranes
are found in plants, but not in animals
consist mainly of sugars
do not allow transport into or out of the cell
separate the cell from the outside world
30. Which of the following is not a subcellular organelle?
nucleus
mitochondrion
endoplasmic reticulum
cytoskeleton
31. Energy-yielding oxidation reactions take place in eukaryotic
nuclei.
ribosomes.
mitochondria.
endoplasmic reticula.
cell walls.
32. Prokaryotic cells
do not have a well defined nucleus
are smaller than eukaryotic cells
do not have internal membranes
all of the above
Prokaryotic Structure
33. Prokaryotes
contain ribosomes
do not have a cell membrane
contain mitochondria
none of the above
34. Ribosomes
are the site of photosynthesis
are the site of protein synthesis
are never bound to membranes
cannot be seen in the electron microscope
35. 11 Ribosomes are made up of
RNA and proteins
DNA and proteins
RNA and DNA
proteins and carbohydrates
36. Which of the following cellular components is commonly found in bacteria?
Nucleus
Ribosomes
Chloroplasts
Mitochondria
More than one of these is characteristic of bacteria.
37. Which organelle does not contain DNA?
Mitochondrion
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Chloroplast
All of these organelles contain DNA
Eukaryotic Structure
38. Which cell component is composed of RNA and protein?
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Ribosome
39. Which cell component has cristae?
40. Which organelle is involved in the synthesis of ATP?
ATP is synthesized in both mitochondria and chloroplasts.
ATP is synthesized in all three organelles.
41. Eukaryotic DNA
is found in the nucleus
is found in the mitochondrion
is found in the chloroplast
42. Which of the following statements about eukaryotic nuclei is FALSE?
They are separated from the rest of the cell by a single membrane.
They contain RNA.
They contain chromatin.
They play a role in genetics.
43. Which cell component does not have a double membrane?
Lysosome
44. Which of the following statements about eukaryotic mitochondria is TRUE?
They are the site of photosynthesis in green plants.
They have an inner and an outer membrane.
They only occur in animals, not plants.
45. Which is not a property of ribosomes?
They are an assembly of polypeptides and RNA.
They are found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
They function as agents in the biosynthesis of proteins.
They are found in the cytoplasm and smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
All of these statements are true about ribosomes.
46. Which cell component is able to capture the energy of light?
47. Which cell component contains many hydrolytic enzymes?
48. The following cellular component is characteristic of eukaryotic cells:
More than one of these is characteristic of eukaryotic cells.
49. The following cellular component is the defining component of eukaryotic cells:
Cell membranes
50. The mitochondrial matrix
is the location of enzymes needed for oxidation reactions
contains an array of microtubules
is part of the endoplasmic reticulum
lies between the inner and outer mitochondrial membrane
51. The following cellular component is the defining component of most plant cells:
Cell walls
52. The endoplasmic reticulum
is part of a continuous membrane system throughout the cell
occurs in two forms, rough and smooth
can have ribosomes bound to it
53. Chloroplasts
contain no DNA
are bounded by a single membrane
are relatively small organelles
are the site of photosynthesis in green plants
54. The Golgi apparatus
occurs in prokaryotes
is involved in secretion of proteins from the cell
is part of the chloroplast
is the site of protein synthesis
55. Lysosomes, peroxisomes, and glyoxysomes are
sites of cell damage
important in mitosis
specialized organelles
a part of the rough endoplasmic reticulum
56. Cell walls
occur in plants and bacteria
occur in plants and animals
occur only in plants
occur only in bacteria
57. Animal cells do not contain
a nucleus
mitochondria
chloroplasts
lysosomes
58. A kind of cellular structure present in plant cells but not in human cells is
the endoplasmic reticulum
a cell wall
a plasma membrane
59. Which of the following organelles does not have a double membrane?
chloroplast
60. Which of these kingdoms includes only prokaryotic organisms?
Animals
Fungi
Monera
Plants
Protista
How we classify eukaryotes and prokaryotes
61. Which of these eukaryotic kingdoms consists primarily of unicellular organisms?
Both fungi and protista.
62. In the Five Kingdom classification system, human beings would be considered
animals.
protists.
monera.
fungi.
none of the above.
63. In the Five Kingdom classification system, Escherichia coli would be considered
64. The endosymbiotic theory describes the origin of
the nucleus & ribosomes.
the Golgi and endoplasmic reticulum.
lysosomes and the cytoskeleton.
mitochondria & chloroplasts.
65. Which of following provides evidence for the endosymbiotic theory describing the origin of mitochondria & chloroplasts?
These organelles have their own nuclei.
These organelles have their own endoplasmic reticulum.
These organelles have their own lysosomes.
These organelles have their own DNA.
66. According to thermodynamics, favored processes are
ones that require energy.
ones that release energy.
oxidations.
reductions.
Biochemical Energetics
67. Which of the following is/are true?
The hydrolysis of ATP releases energy.
Favorable reactions are always fast.
The hydrolysis of ATP requires the input of oxygen
The hydrolysis of ATP yields more energy per molecule than the reaction of any other compound
68. The aerobic combustion of glucose to yield carbon dioxide and water
is thermodynamically favorable
requires oxygen
has a negative Gibb’s free energy
all of these are true
Energy and Change
69. A spontaneous reaction is
exergonic.
endergonic.
at equilibrium.
CAFA.BIOC.15.6 - Modified in 7e
Spontaneity
70. The heat of a reaction at constant pressure is
its change in entropy.
its change in enthalpy.
its change in free energy.
its spontaneity.
Life and Thermodynamics
Match the macromolecules with the monomeric unit in each.
nucleic acids
carbohydrate
Matching
71. amino acid
72. monosaccharide
73. nucleotide
74. Identify the class of basic biomolecules represented by the following structure.
Carbohydrates
Amino acids
Nucleotides
Lipids
11/25/2016 4:56 AM
11/25/2016 5:00 AM
75. Explain the significance of functional groups in biochemistry.
Biomolecules have characteristic functional groups that determine their reactions. Many of these functional groups contain oxygen and nitrogen, which are among the most electronegative elements. As a result, many of these functional groups are polar, and their polar nature plays a crucial role in their reactivity.
Essay
11/25/2016 5:01 AM
11/25/2016 5:31 AM
76. Which of the following biomolecules forms the molecular currency of the cell, adenosine triphosphate (ATP)?
Esters
Amino acids
11/25/2016 5:23 AM
11/25/2016 5:30 AM
77. Carbohydrates can be represented by a general formula of _____.
R-CHn(NH2)-COOH
CH3(CH2)nCO2H
CnH2n-2
(CH2O)n
11/25/2016 5:32 AM
11/25/2016 5:34 AM
78. Lipids are characterized by poor solubility in water most of their structure is composed of _____.
a central carbon atom bonded to a carboxyl group, a hydrogen group, and a variable group, called the R group
a five-carbon sugar, a nitrogen-containing ring, and one or more phosphate groups
long chains of hydrocarbons
straight sugar chains that forms cyclic structures in a solution
11/25/2016 5:36 AM
12/2/2016 8:51 AM
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