1. Identify three of the five basic themes in biology:
I.
The cellular composition of life
II.
The evolution of life
III.
The interactions of living systems
IV.
The mechanisms of disease
V.
The transmission of information
a.
I, II, and III
b.
II, III, and IV
c.
III, IV, and V
d.
I, IV, and V
e.
II, III, and V
ANSWER:
e
POINTS:
1
REFERENCES:
1.1 Major Themes of Biology
QUESTION TYPE:
Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES:
False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
BIO.SBM.01.01 - Evaluate the importance of membranes to cells, emphasizing their various functions.
KEYWORDS:
Bloom's: Remember
NOTES:
Modified
DATE CREATED:
1/27/2014 1:36 PM
DATE MODIFIED:
2. Which statement best describes the cell theory?
All living organisms grow and develop.
All living organisms respond to stimuli.
All living organisms are composed of basic units called cells.
All living organisms can move from one place to another in order to find food or to escape predators.
All living organisms can form a population of organisms that is able to adapt to the environment.
c
1.2 Characteristics of Life
BIO.SBM.01.02 - Distinguish between living and nonliving things by describing the features that characterize living organisms
New
3. What statement best describes “biology”?
The science of life
The naming of organisms
The study of natural selection
The measurement of populations
The study of how organisms are related to one another
a
4. An organism that is eukaryotic is by definition:
is a protist
is unicellular
possesses a nucleus
possesses organ systems
belongs to domain Bacteria
Bloom's: Apply
5. What type of molecule carries the hereditary information of an organism?
DNA
RNA
protein
nucleus
hormone
6. How does a prokaryotic cell differ from a eukaryotic cell?
A prokaryotic cell has no membrane-enclosed organelles.
A prokaryotic cell has a plasma membrane.
A prokaryotic cell contains organelles.
A prokaryotic cell has a nucleus.
A prokaryotic cell has DNA.
Bloom's: Understand
7. In living organisms, chemical reactions responsible for growth, repair, and nutrition are collectively referred to as:
development
metabolism
adaptation
genetics
homeostasis
b
8. The primary purpose of homeostasis is to:
accept responses to stimuli
provide unlimited growth within an organism
allow unrestricted movement of an organism
convert an organism to live in a harmful environment
maintain a constant internal environment
9. Suppose a particular protein is produced in excess of the cell's needs. What kind of mechanism will intervene to stop production?
growth
anabolic
metabolic
respiratory
homeostatic
10. What is the purpose of the cilia and flagella of cells?
They generate the cell’s metabolism.
They provide movement for the cell.
They help maintain homeostasis.
They generate cell signaling.
They contract muscles.
11. What is an example of a sessile organism?
dog
coral
snake
bird
earthworm
12. Which stimuli most directly causes the Venus flytrap to catch an insect?
gravity
light
touch
scent
sound
13. What is a distinct characteristic of asexual reproduction?
fusion of egg and sperm
a cell splitting into identical halves
genes contributed by two parents
high degree of genetic variation
formation of a fertilized egg
14. Which is a benefit of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction?
More offspring can be produced.
The offspring are all identical to the parents.
There is less variation from generation to generation.
Evolution will occur at a slower rate when there are two parents.
The interaction of the genes from both parents brings about genetic variation.
15. What represents the most basic level of chemical organization?
cell
atom
tissue
molecule
organism
1.3 Levels of Biological Organizations
BIO.SBM.01.03 - Construct a hierarchy of biological organization, including levels characteristic of individual organisms and levels characteristic of ecological systems.
16. When tissues organize, what do they form?
a cell
a nucleus
an atom
an organ
an enzyme
d
1.3 Levels of Biological Organization
17. All of the members of the same species occupying the same area at the same time constitute a(n):
individual
population
community
ecosystem
biosphere
18. What large molecules are essential in determining the structure and function of cells and tissues?
genes
proteins
hormones
nucleotides
1.4 Information Transfer
BIO.SBM.01.04 - Summarize the importance of information transfer within and between living systems, giving specific examples.
19. What are units of hereditary information?
4/29/2016 4:05 PM
20. Information in living organisms is transmitted by which mechanism(s)?
genes only
hormones only
genes and hormones
neurotransmitters only
genes, hormones, and neurotransmitters
21. Which statement best describes autotrophic organisms?
Autotrophs are exemplified by fungi.
Autotrophs are exemplified by animals.
Autotrophs cannot carry out cellular respiration.
Autotrophs depend on heterotrophs for food.
Autotrophs synthesize complex molecules from CO2, water, and energy.
1.5 The Energy of Life
BIO.SBM.01.05 - Summarize the flow of energy through ecosystems and contrast the roles of producers, consumers, and decomposers.
22. Which sequence represents the pattern of energy flow within an ecosystem?
producers → consumers → decomposers
decomposers → producers → consumers
consumers → producers → decomposers
decomposers → consumers → producers
producers → decomposers → consumers
23. Which process is most directly associated with the theory of evolution?
Populations changing over time
Mutations changing the gene pool
Production of large numbers of offspring
Sexual reproduction producing variation in a population
Competition between members of a population for limited resources
1.6 Evolution: The Basic Unifying Concept of Biology
BIO.SBM.01.08 - Give a brief overview of the scientific theory of evolution and explain why it is the principal unifying concept in biology.
Bloom's: Analyze
24. What is an end product of cellular respiration?
sugar
oxygen
glucose
carbon dioxide
25. What would be the ultimate effect on an ecosystem if decomposers were eliminated?
The rate of photosynthesis would increase.
The consumers would have to eat twice as much.
Energy flow between producers and consumers would increase.
All life would eventually cease as nutrients would no longer be available.
Producers would outgrow consumers due to the excess of carbon dioxide.
26. Using the Linnaean system of nomenclature, corn is named Zea mays. What is the specific epithet in this name?
Zea mays
Zea
mays
Quercus
corn
BIO.SBM.01.06 - Demonstrate the binomial system of nomenclature by using specific examples and classify an organism (such as a human) in its domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species.
27. Which organizational unit includes the fewest species of organisms?
class
28. Similar families of organisms are next grouped together in the same:
order
genus
phylum
kingdom
29. You discover an organism that is eukaryotic, unicellular, and photosynthetic. Based on this evidence, to which group would you assign this organism?
domain Bacteria
protist group
kingdom Fungi
kingdom Plantae
domain Archaea
BIO.SBM.01.07 - Identify the three domains and the kingdoms of living organisms, and give examples of organisms assigned to each group.
30. An organism that is neither prokaryotic nor photosynthetic, and must obtain its nutrients by secreting digestive enzymes into the environment, belongs to which group of organisms?
Bacteria
protists
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
31. One of the conclusions drawn from Darwin's theory of evolution is that:
existing organisms can adapt to environmental changes
living organisms are composed of basic units called cells
living organisms contain substances produced by cells
genetic information can pass from organism to organism by means of DNA
organisms living today descended with modifications from previously existing forms
32. What is the ultimate source of genetic variation within a population?
Mutations in DNA
Adaptation of a species to environmental changes
A sensory system that can detect an environmental change
Homeostatic mechanisms that compensate for environmental changes
A system of locomotion that allows an organism to escape environmental changes
BIO.SBM.01.09 - Apply the concept of natural selection to any given adaptation and suggest a logical explanation of how the adaptation may have evolved.
33. In the deductive approach to scientific thought processes, we begin with ____ and make ____ based on that information.
premises; observations
observations; premises
observations; conclusions
observations; inductions
premises; conclusions
1.7 The Process of Science
BIO.SBM.01.10 - Design a study to test a given hypothesis, using the procedure and terminology of the scientific method.
34. A hypothesis can best be described as a(n):
data point
conclusion
observation
tentative explanation
stepwise problem-solving approach
35. Which is a characteristic of a good hypothesis?
It is falsifiable.
It is a statement of fact.
It can only be tested once.
It can be proven to be true.
It represents important conclusions.
36. Which statement represents a good hypothesis?
Shoofly pie tastes good.
There is life after death.
Hemophilia is also known as "bleeder's disease."
The swimming speed of Artemia increases at higher temperatures.
Sparrows, robins, hawks, and pigeons are all birds and have wings; therefore, all birds have wings.
37. During an experiment, what is the purpose of a control group?
To verify data
To disprove the theory
To prove the hypothesis
To produce replicated results of other groups
To compare results to the experimental group with the variable being tested
38. Suppose we want to examine the effect of a fertilizer on the size of zucchini produced, and therefore, we need to establish the experimental and control groups. The control group for this experiment would be defined under which conditions?
soil, fertilizer, water, sun, but no zucchini seeds
soil, fertilizer, water, sun, and zucchini seeds
soil, water, sun, and no zucchini seeds
soil, water, sun, and zucchini seeds
soil, water, and sun
39. In the experimental evaluation of a new drug, what is the purpose of a placebo?
A placebo increases the sample size.
A placebo prevents errors in recording of the data.
A placebo removes the bias of the physician in charge of the experiment.
A placebo removes the potential psychological bias of the patient in the study.
A placebo prevents sampling errors from compromising the results of the experiment.
40. What is the most likely cause of a sampling error?
a malfunctioning calculator
a poorly designed hypothesis
very few individuals in the control group
having both an experimental and a control group
the researcher’s knowledge of which individuals were in the experimental group
41. Which statement concerning a scientific theory is FALSE?
It is unchangeable.
It predicts new facts.
It is based on a number of hypotheses.
It may suggest practical applications.
It is supported by many observations.
42. Consider the statement “biological systems interact.” What does this mean?
Systems combine to reproduce.
Biological organisms are interdependent.
Structure and function are not interrelated.
Biological organisms are not interdependent.
Every organism is in conflict with other organisms.
43. Which best describes a result of sexual reproduction?
The only source of variation is mutation.
Clones of the original cell are produced.
One cell divides to produce two identical cells.
Two sex cells combine to form a fertilized cell.
The offspring obtain genes only from one parent.
44. A DNA molecule is made up of:
lipids
fatty acids
carbohydrates
45. Which is a byproduct of photosynthesis?
water
46. To which Phylum do humans belong?
Chordata
Vertebrata
Mammalia
Homo sapiens
1.6 Evolution:The Basic Unifying Concept of Biology
47. Which scenario best describes a double-blind study?
The investigator and the subjects wear blindfolds.
No one knows what is in the experimental or control group
The subjects do not know if they are in the experimental or control group.
Neither the investigator or the subjects know if they are in the experimental or control group.
The investigator does not know if subjects are in the experimental or control group.
48. Using the characteristics that define life, compare and contrast a plant, a bacterium, and a salt crystal.
Cellular in structure: A plant (eukaryote) and a bacterium (prokaryote) are cellular, but a salt crystal is not.
Grow and develop: A plant grows by increasing the size and number of cells in its multicellular body; a bacterium grows by increasing in size and then dividing to produce additional bacteria. Both plants and bacteria develop as they age. A salt crystal can increase in size only by adding additional crystals and does not “develop” in the biological sense of the word.
Regulate their metabolic processes: Plants and bacteria can regulate their metabolism; a salt crystal lacks metabolic processes.
Respond to stimuli: In bacteria (unicellular) the whole organism responds; in plants (multicellular) various parts can usually respond in different ways. A salt crystal cannot respond.
Reproduce: Plants and bacteria usually can reproduce both sexually and asexually. A salt crystal cannot reproduce unless one accepts the breaking apart of a crystal as a type of reproduction.
Evolve and adapt: Plants and bacteria can do both; salt crystals cannot.
Subjective Short Answer
49. Explain the importance of information transfer in living systems. Include three specific examples.
Information transfer occurs when 1) traits are passed to the next generation, 2) when one individual communicates with another, 3) when one portion of a cell communicates with another portion, and 4) when one part of a multicellular organism communicates with another part.
For example, in sexual reproduction the genetic information from the parents is transmitted to the offspring. The information in those genes is then used to determine what proteins are made and consequently how that cell develops. Lastly, a cell may produce a hormone or a neurotransmitter that provides information of various kinds to other cells.
50. Identify two adaptations in different living organisms and use natural selection to explain how each may have logically evolved.
Example 1: The long, flexible tongue of a frog is an adaptation for catching insects. In a population of frogs much genetic variation would exist with respect to tongue length. However, those frogs having longer tongues would be able to catch more insects than the short-tongued frogs which might be weak and even starve. Over many generations frogs having long tongues would most likely thrive and produce more offspring than frogs having short tongues, and consequently the long-tongue trait would become more and more prevalent in the population.
Example 2: The thick coat of the polar bear is an adaptation for surviving low temperatures. In a population of polar bears much genetic variation would exist among coat thickness. However, those bears having a thinner coat would be more adversely affected by the low temperatures, for example they might be sickly, be less fertile, and even die. Over many generations, bears having thicker coats would most likely thrive and produce more offspring than thin-coated bears, and consequently the thick-coated trait would become more and more prevalent in the population.
51. If you observe a cell that contains organelles, then that cell is most likely a(n) prokaryote.__________________
False - eukaryote
Modified True / False
52. The term development refers to all the changes that occur during the life cycle of an organism. __________________
True
53. An organism that reproduces asexually produces genetically variable offspring.__________________
False - sexually
54. The scientific name for coffee is Coffea arabica. More specifically, the species name is arabica.__________________
False - Coffea arabica
55. Similar orders are placed in the same class.__________________
56. The two domains of prokaryotes are Bacteria and Fungi.__________________
False - Archaea
57. With deductive reasoning, you draw conclusions from specific observations.__________________
False - inductive
58. A falsifiable hypothesis cannot be tested.__________________
False - can
59. Changing your view of reality involves a paradigm shift.__________________
60. Systems biology is also called integrative biology.__________________
BIO.SBM.01.11 - Compare the reductionist and systems approaches to biological research.
61. On a scientific expedition into new territory, you discover a previously undescribed organism living within the very hot environment of a geyser. This organism has a cell wall, is single celled, heterotrophic, and has no true nucleus. In what kingdom would you most likely place this organism and why?
Concepts to Consider: Characteristics of this organism indicate it is a prokaryote; its habitat may indicate that it belongs to the kingdom Archaebacteria.
Essay
TOPICS:
Discussion or Thought Questions
62. Design a complete ecosystem that would sustain a number of living organisms for several years in a sealed container. The only thing that can be added is sunlight. Explain why you have selected each organism.
Concepts to Consider: Include producers (plant), consumers (animal), and decomposers (heterotrophic bacteria and fungi); plants convert sunlight to organic energy, animals consume the plants, and decomposers recycle nutrients within the dead plants and animals; animal and bacterial wastes are taken up by plants.
Bloom's: Evaluate
63. You place equal numbers of dark and light varieties of feeder crickets into a terrarium containing a species of lizard. After two days, you notice that the dark variety of the crickets was less common than the light variety. What process is taking place on a small scale within the terrarium? Design an experiment in which you would try to determine if color or taste is the primary factor responsible for the selective feeding of the lizards.
Concepts to Consider: Natural selection, correct experimental design, and hypothesis testing.
Match the organism to the role it plays in the energy cycle:
primary producer
primary consumer
secondary consumer
decomposer
Matching
64. Fungi
65. Plant
66. Bird
67. Caterpillar
Match the group of organisms with the correct phrase or example.
plants
fungi
bacteria
animals
68. bread mold
69. chimpanzee
70. oak tree
71. prokaryotes
72. unicellular eukaryotes
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