True / False
1. Data and information are essentially the same thing.
a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER:
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
1-2 Data versus Information
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
01.01 - Define the difference between data and information
2. Data processing can be as simple as organizing data to reveal patterns.
3. Data is the result of processing raw facts to reveal its meaning.
4. When data are entered into a form and saved, they are placed in the underlying database as knowledge.
Moderate
5. Data constitute the building blocks of information.
6. Metadata describe the data characteristics and the set of relationships that links the data found within the database.
1-3 Introducing the Database
01.02 - Describe what a database is, the various types of databases, and why they are valuable assets for decision making
7. The only way to access the data in a database is through the DBMS.
1-3a Role and Advantages of the DBMS
8. Database programming languages receive all application requests and translate them into the complex operations required to fulfill those requests.
9. The DBMS reveals much of the database’s internal complexity to the application programs and users.
10. One disadvantage of the DBMS is that it increases the risk of data security breaches.
11. An operational database is sometimes referred to as an enterprise database.
1-3b Types of Databases
12. A data warehouse can store data derived from many sources.
13. Structure is based on the type of processing to be performed on the data.
14. Corporations use only structured data.
15. Field refers to a collection of related records.
1-5b Computerized File Systems
01.04 - See how modern databases evolved from file systems
16. Structural dependence exists when it is possible to make changes in the file structure without affecting the application program’s ability to access the data.
1-6a Structural and Data Dependence
01.05 - Understand flaws in file system data management
17. One disadvantage of a database system over previous data management approaches is increased costs.
1-7c Managing the Database System: A Shift in Focus
18. Data anomaly is defined as the condition in which all of the data in the database are consistent with the real-world events and conditions.
1-6b Data Redundancy
19. An advantage of database systems is that you needn't perform frequent updates and apply latest patches.
01.06 - Outline the main components of the database system
20. One advantage of a database system over previous data management approaches is that the database system is considerably less complex.
Multiple Choice
21. _____ is the result of revealing the meaning of raw facts.
End-user data
An encoded sample
c.
An encrypted bit
d.
Information
d
22. _____ is the body of information and facts about a specific subject.
Validation
A format
Knowledge
A database
c
23. Accurate, relevant, and timely information is the key to ____.
data management
good decision making
knowledge
understanding
b
24. End-user data is _____.
knowledge about the end users
raw facts of interest to the end user
information about a specific subject
accurate, relevant and timely information
25. _____ provide a description of the data characteristics and the set of relationships that link the data found within the database.
Queries
Metadata
Schemas
26. _____ serve as the intermediary between the user and the database.
DBMSs
Programming languages
a
27. The database structure in a DBMS is stored as a _____.
single file
collection of files
set of key/value pairs
collection of queries
28. A(n) _____ might be written by a programmer or it might be created through a DBMS utility program.
query
operating system
database management system
application
29. _____ exists when different versions of the same data appear in different places.
Data inconsistency
Poor data security
Structural dependence
Conceptual dependence
30. The response of the DBMS to a query is the ___________
ad hoc query
ad hoc response
query result set
integrated view of the data
31. A(n) _____ database is used by an organization and supports many users across many departments.
desktop
workgroup
enterprise
transactional
32. A(n) _____ database supports a relatively small number of users (usually fewer than 50) or a specific department within an organization.
33. A workgroup database is a(n) _____ database.
single-user
multiuser
distributed
34. A desktop database is a _____ database.
35. A data warehouse contains historical data obtained from the _____.
operational databases
desktop database
enterprise databases
workgroup databases
36. _____ data exist in the format in which they were collected.
Structured
Semistructured
Unstructured
Historical
37. _____ data exist in a format that does not lend itself to processing that yields information.
38. _____ are the result of formatting disorganized data in order to facilitate storage, use and generation of information.
Structured data
Raw data
Unstructured data
Obsolete data
39. Most data that can be encountered are best classified as _____.
structured
semistructured
unstructured
historical
40. An XML database supports the storage and management of _____ XML data.
multistructured
fullystructured
41. The organization of data within folders in a manual file system is determined by _______.
its date of creation
its expected use
the title of the documents in the folder
the data processing specialist
1-5a Manual File Systems
42. A _____ is a logically connected set of one or more fields that describes a person, place, or thing.
database
column
record
file
43. A _____ is a collection of related records.
schema
field
44. A _____ is a character or group of characters that has a specific meaning.
45. Which of the following is true of spreadsheet applications?
They provide enhanced security and robust data sharing features.
They do not allow manipulation of data once entered.
They are a better alternative to databases.
They enhance the user's ability to understand the data.
1-5c File System Redux: Modern End-User Productivity
46. Which of the following refers to the situation where different versions of the same data are stored at different places because they weren’t updated consistently?
Data query
Data integrity
Data dictionary
Data redundancy
47. Data is said to be verifiable if:
the data always yields consistent results.
the data cannot be changed or manipulated.
the data is obtained from trusted sources.
the data is stored in different places within the database.
48. _____ is defined as the condition in which all of the data in the database are consistent with the real-world events and conditions.
Data anomaly
Data ubiquity
Data quality
49. The term _____ refers to an organization of components that define and regulate the collection, storage, management and use of data within a database environment.
structured data
transaction
management system
database system
1-7a The Database System Environment
50. _____ relates to the activities that make the database execute transactions more efficiently in terms of storage and access speed.
Performance tuning
Database design
Query access
Database management
1-7b DBMS Functions
Completion
51. _____ is the result of processing raw data to reveal its meaning.
52. To reveal meaning, information requires _____.
context
53. Raw data must be properly _____ for storage, processing and presentation.
formatted
54. Information is produced by processing _____.
data
55. _____ is data about data through which the end-user data are integrated and managed.
56. A(n) _____ is a collection of programs that manages the database structure and controls access to the data stored in the database.
DBMS (database management system)
database management system (DBMS)
DBMS
57. A(n) _____ is a spur-of-the-moment question.
58. A(n) _____ is a specific request issued to the DBMS for data manipulation.
59. _____ databases focus primarily on storing data used to generate information required to make tactical or strategic decisions.
Analytical
60. _____ is a special language used to represent and manipulate data elements in a textual format.
XML (Extensible Markup Language)
Extensible Markup Language (XML)
Extensible Markup Language
XML
61. _____ exists when it is possible to make changes in the data storage characteristics without affecting an application program’s ability to access data.
Data independence
62. The term _____ refers to scattered locations storing the same basic data.
islands of information
63. _____ exists when different and conflicting versions of the same data appear in different places.
64. _____ exists when the same data are stored unnecessarily at different places.
65. A(n) _____ develops when all required changes in the redundant data are not made successfully.
data anomaly
anomaly
1-6c Data Anomalies
66. The DBMS uses the _____ to look up the required data component structures and relationships, thus relieving programmers from having to code such complex relationships in each program.
data dictionary
67. _____ relates to activities that make a database operate more efficiently in terms of storage and access speed.
68. Web and mobile technologies that enable “anywhere, anytime, always on” human interactions are forms of _____.
social media
69. A database that is created and maintained using services such as Microsoft Azure or Amazon AWS is called a(n) _____ database.
cloud
70. When a database stores the majority of data in RAM rather than in hard disks, it is referred to as a(n) _____ database.
in-memory
1-8 Preparing for Your Database Professional
01.07 - Describe the main functions of a database management system (DBMS)
Essay
71. Describe what metadata are and what value they provide to the database system.
The metadata describe the data characteristics and the set of relationships that links the data found within the database. For example, the metadata component stores information such as the name of each data element, the type of values (numeric, dates, or text) stored on each data element, and whether the data element can be left empty. The metadata provide information that complements and expands the value and use of the data. In short, metadata present a more complete picture of the data in the database. Given the characteristics of metadata, you might hear a database described as a “collection of self-describing data.”
72. What are the advantages of having the DBMS between the end user’s applications and the database?
Having a DBMS between the end user’s applications and the database offers some important advantages. First, the DBMS enables the data in the database to be shared among multiple applications or users. Second, the DBMS integrates the many different users’ views of the data into a single all-encompassing data repository.
73. Discuss some considerations when designing a database.
Proper database design requires the designer to identify precisely the database’s expected use. Designing a transactional database emphasizes accurate and consistent data and operational speed. Designing a data warehouse database emphasizes the use of historical and aggregated data. Designing a database to be used in a centralized, single-user environment requires a different approach from that used in the design of a distributed, multiuser database.
Designing appropriate data repositories of integrated information using the two-dimensional table structures found in most databases is a process of decomposition. The integrated data must be decomposed properly into its constituent parts, with each part stored in its own table. Further, the relationships between these tables must be carefully considered and implemented so the integrated view of the data can be re-created later as information for the end user. A well-designed database facilitates data management and generates accurate and valuable information. A poorly designed database is likely to become a breeding ground for difficult-to-trace errors that may lead to bad decision making—and bad decision making can lead to the failure of an organization. Database design is simply too important to be left to luck. That’s why college students study database design, why organizations of all types and sizes send personnel to database design seminars, and why database design consultants often make an excellent living.
1-4 Why Database Design Is Important
01.03 - Explain the importance of database design
74. What are the problems associated with file systems? How do they challenge the types of information that can be created from the data as well as the accuracy of the information?
The following problems associated with file systems, whether created by DP specialists or through a series of spread-sheets, severely challenge the types of information that can be created from the data as well as the accuracy of the information:
1-6 Problems with File System Data Processing
75. Discuss any three functions performed by the DBMS that guarantee the integrity and consistency of the data in the database.
(answers may vary)
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