- The order Primates includes all of the following except:
- tarsiers.
- marsupials.
- monkeys.
- humans.
- prosimians.
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: Introduction
- Which statement is not true of human culture?
- It includes such things as technology, language, religion, and gender roles.
- It is genetically determined.
- It plays a critical role in human evolution.
- All people are products of human culture.
- It is learned.
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: Biocultural Evolution
- What is a relativistic view of culture and why is it important in anthropology?
ANSWER: It is an approach that allows anthropology to view other cultures from a broader perspective, by viewing them as they relate to something else. It is very important because our world is increasingly interdependent.
REFERENCES: The Anthropological Perspective
- Which subdiscipline of anthropology is concerned with various aspects of human language?
- Ethnology
- Applied anthropology
- Primatology
- Anthropometry
- Linguistic anthropology
ANSWER: e
REFERENCES: What Is Anthropology?
- Define the term biocultural evolution.
ANSWER: It is the mutual, interactive evolution of human biology and culture.
REFERENCES: Biocultural Evolution
- Which of the following includes genetic alterations within populations?
- Anatomy
- Macroevolution
- Microevolution
- Osteology
- Paleopathology
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: Introduction
- The anthropological perspective proposes to broaden our viewpoint though time and space.
- True
- False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: The Anthropological Perspective
- Which specialty focuses specifically on the study of skeletal material?
- Osteology
- Paleoanthropology
- Paleopathology
- Forensic anthropology
- Molecular anthropology
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: What is Anthropology?
- What is meant by the term biocultural evolution?
- Changes in human culture from generation to generation
- Biological evolution in all species except humans
- Biological changes in a species over time
- The influence of genetic engineering on culture
- The interaction between biology and culture in human evolution
ANSWER: e
REFERENCES: Biocultural Evolution
- is the study of human anatomical and behavioral evolution as evidenced by the fossil record.
- Osteology
- Paleopathology
- Anthropometry
- Primatology
- Paleoanthropology
ANSWER: e
REFERENCES: What Is Anthropology?
11.Forensic anthropology is an applied subfield which benefits from a background in physical anthropology.
- True
- False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: What Is Anthropology?
12.What are the primary steps involved in the scientific method?
ANSWER: It involves formulating a question, doing background research on what others have done on the subject, determining a hypothesis, developing a research design or methodology, collecting data and doing very precise analysis to test the hypothesis.
REFERENCES: Physical Anthropology and the Scientific Method
13.Which of the following is not an important reason why primatology has become increasingly important since the late 1950s?
- Nonhuman primates are our closest living relatives.
- Through primatology we can better address the needs of primitive humans.
- The behavioral studies of any species provide a wealth of data on adaptation.
- Many nonhuman primates are threatened or seriously endangered.
- Behavioral studies have implications for understanding natural forces that have shaped human behavior.
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: What Is Anthropology?
14.Which is not true about paleoanthropology?
- Its goal is to identify the various human ancestors.
- It is a valid way to conduct anthropology.
- It is the study of human evolution.
- It includes the fossils of ancient reptiles and amphibians.
- It attempts to gain insights into human adaptation and behavior.
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: What is Anthropology?
- is the practical application of the subfields of anthropology.
- Linguistics
- Applied Anthropology
- Archaeology
- Physical Anthropology
- Cultural Anthropology
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: What Is Anthropology?
16.Archaeologists:
- are interested in human behavior when it pertains to osteology.
- only examine complex civilizations that have left architectural ruins.
- focus primarily on biological imperatives.
- never work with physical anthropology.
- study earlier human groups using artifacts and structures as their evidence.
ANSWER: e
REFERENCES: What Is Anthropology?
17.What are the four major subfields of anthropology?
ANSWER: The subfields are Cultural Anthropology, Linguistics, Archaeology, and Physical (or Biological) Anthropology.
REFERENCES: Introduction
18.What is the role of the scientific method in physical anthropology? Discuss the various steps and how they might be applied to a specific case study in physical anthropology.
ANSWER: Will vary
REFERENCES: Physical Anthropology and the Scientific Method
19.The origins of physical anthropology arose from two areas of interest among 19th-century scientists. What did these areas concern?
- The genetic determinants of behavior and osteology
- Nonhuman primates and origins of modern species
- Human variation and osteology
- The origins of modern species and human variation
- Human evolution and nonhuman primates
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: What Is Anthropology?
20.The anthropological perspective does not:
- look at the diversity of the human experience.
- narrow our viewpoint of how our species has evolved through time and space.
- help to avoid ethnocentric pitfalls.
- offer a wider appreciation through time and space.
- give a wider appreciation of the human experience.
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: The Anthropological Perspective
21.Fields of inquiry fundamental to studies of adaptation in modern human populations include:
- examinations of modern groups but not populations over time.
- traits that typify certain populations that have evolved as biological adaptation to environment.
- factors that have produced only genetic variation.
- traits that typify certain populations that have not evolved as biological adaptations.
- factors that have produced only visible physical differences.
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: What Is Anthropology?
22.Primatology is the study of:
- human skeletal material.
- diseases in earlier human groups.
- skeletal remains at crime scenes.
- the beginnings of human evolution.
- the biology and behavior of nonhuman primates.
ANSWER: e
REFERENCES: What Is Anthropology?
23.Physical anthropologists are interested only in the study of biological systems.
- True
- False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: Introduction
24.Molecular anthropologists have used genetic technologies to investigate the relationships between human populations and between humans and nonhuman primates.
- True
- False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: What Is Anthropology?
25.Physical or biological anthropologists are only interested in the human fossil record.
- True
- False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: What Is Anthropology?
26.Human evolution is:
- not subject to the same factors that have produced other species.
- solely the result of cultural factors.
- complete and no longer a driving force as it once was.
- solely the result of biological factors.
- subject to the long-term interactions of biology and culture.
ANSWER: e
REFERENCES: Biocultural Evolution
27.Which of the following is true of the relativistic view of culture?
- It allows us to judge other species using well-tested human criteria.
- It allows us to understand our own culture from a narrower perspective.
- It allows us to understand which culture is superior to another.
- It allows us to understand other people’s concerns and view our culture from a broader perspective.
- It provides us with data to prove that the human species is better adapted than others.
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: The Anthropological Perspective
28.Ethnographies are:
- studies of nonhuman primates.
- studies of only Western European societies.
- detailed descriptive studies of contemporary living peoples.
- the practical application of anthropological theories.
- studies done by archaeologists.
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: What Is Anthropology?
29.Explain each of the subfields of anthropology and how they each contribute to our understanding of what it means to be human.
ANSWER: Will vary
REFERENCES: What Is Anthropology?
30.Define osteology and then discuss which subfields of physical anthropology require knowledge of osteology.
ANSWER: Will vary
REFERENCES: What Is Anthropology?
31.Approximately 3.7 million years ago, two or three hominins left their footprints across the savannah of modern-day Tanzania, clear evidence of:
- hominins walked bipedally.
- hominins traveled in small groups.
- Tanzania is 3.7 million years old.
- modern-day Tanzania continues to be a savannah environment.
- apes were present in Tanzania.
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: Introduction
32.Cultural anthropology:
- focuses solely on the study of traditional societies.
- is the study of the patterns of belief and behavior found in modern and historical cultures.
- was first developed as a discipline in the 17th century.
- includes the recovery and analysis of material culture from earlier civilizations.
- has no practical application in modern society.
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: What Is Anthropology?
- focuses on the study of skeletal remains from archaeological sites.
- Primate paleontology
- Bioarchaeology
- Osteology
- Forensic anthropology
- Paleopathology
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: What Is Anthropology?
34.Objects or materials made or modified for use by hominins are called:
- data.
- fossils.
- ethnographies.
- empiricism.
- artifacts.
ANSWER: e
REFERENCES: What Is Anthropology?
35.Briefly differentiate between paleoanthropology and paleopathology.
ANSWER: Paleoanthropology is the study of early hominins and paleopathology is the study of early diseases and injuries in human skeletal remains.
REFERENCES: What Is Anthropology?
36.A group of reproductively-isolated organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring is called a(n):
- infrastructure.
- species.
- hominid.
- populace.
- family.
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: Introduction
37.Explain what “the anthropological perspective” means and why it is important.
ANSWER: Will vary
REFERENCES: The Anthropological Perspective
38.What is the initial step in the scientific method?
- Form a theory
- Perform an experiment
- Form a hypothesis
- Collect data under precise conditions
- Publish a scientific article
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: Physical Anthropology and the Scientific Method
39.Culture, as defined in Chapter 1:
- was not an important factor in human evolution.
- is genetically determined and does not alter over time.
- is important only as it pertains to modern humans.
- includes only those aspects of human lifestyle that relate to the arts.
- can be defined as the strategy by which humans adapt to the natural environment.
ANSWER: e
REFERENCES: Biocultural Evolution
40.Anthropology can be applied to practical issues outside the university setting.
- True
- False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: What Is Anthropology?
41.Forensic anthropologists:
- apply anthropological techniques to legal matters.
- are primarily concerned with the recovery of material culture remains.
- examine the relationships between medical treatment and culturally determined views of disease.
- study disease and trauma in ancient populations.
- study nonhuman primates.
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: What Is Anthropology?
42.Which of the following does not apply to theories?
- They are tested explanations of facts.
- They are specific statements of scientific relationships that have not been verified.
- They are usually concerned with broader and more universal views.
- They are the result of repeated testing.
- They are not absolutes and are open to falsification.
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: Physical Anthropology and the Scientific Method
43.Who uses anthropological techniques to assist in crime investigations and to identify skeletal remains in cases of disaster?
- Forensic anthropologists
- Archaeologists
- Primatologists
- Cultural anthropologists
- Paleoanthropologists
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: What Is Anthropology?
44.What unique strategy allows humans to adapt to the natural environment?
- Walking on two legs
- Evolution
- Biological adaptation
- Culture
- Genetic change
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: The Human Connection
45.Why are physical anthropologists concerned with studying human variation today?
ANSWER: Their studies of human variation help us to better understand adaptive significance and to identify factors that have produced physical and genetic variation.
REFERENCES: What Is Anthropology?
- is the subdiscipline of osteology that is concerned with disease and trauma in earlier populations.
- Anthropometry
- Paleopathology
- Forensic anthropology
- Primatology
- Paleoanthropology
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: What Is Anthropology?
47.The focus of anthropology is very narrow and has only two subfields.
- True
- False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: What IsAnthropology?
48.All cultures share the same worldview.
- True
- False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: Biocultural Evolution
49.What is meant by the term adaptation in a biological sense?
ANSWER: It is an anatomical, physiological, or behavioral response of organisms or populations to the environment.
REFERENCES: Introduction
- The term evolution refers to:
- patterns of inheritance from parent to offspring.
- the process of biological specialization.
- changes in the genetic make-up of a population from one generation to the next.
- genetic changes within populations, but not the appearance of new species.
- a response of organisms or populations to the environment.
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: Introduction
51.The 3.7 million year-old footprints of two hominins were discovered in a riverbed in Texas.
- True
- False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: Introduction
52.Which of the following is not one of the subfields of anthropology in the United States?
- Cultural
- Psychological
- Physical
- Linguistics
- Archaeology
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: What Is Anthropology?
53.What is a hypothesis?
- It is equivalent to a theory.
- It is a provisional statement regarding certain scientific facts or observations.
- It is a statement that has been proven to be true.
- It is a fact from which conclusions can be drawn.
- It is proof of a theory and occurs after testing a theory.
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: Physical Anthropology and the Scientific Method
54.The human predisposition to assimilate culture and function within it is profoundly influenced by biological factors.
- True
- False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: Biocultural Evolution
55.The study of human biology within the framework of human evolution can be said to be the domain of which of the following?
- Osteology
- Cultural anthropology
- Primatology
- Archaeology
- Physical or biological anthropology
ANSWER: e
REFERENCES: What Is Anthropology?