The Basic Input/Output System (BIOS) is stored on a microchip called the
1)
_______
A)
kernel
B)
boot ROM
C)
flash memory package
D)
ARM processor
2)
In the story of the tortoise and the hare, the abstraction is
2)
_______
A)
the hare
B)
that slow and steady wins the race
C)
that speed is deceiving
D)
the tortoise
3)
The first production application of digital information was
3)
_______
A)
the invention of the transistor at Bell Labs
B)
the use of vacuum tubes for calculations needed by the US Army
C)
the ENIAC computer
D)
punched card tabulation for the 1890 US Census
4)
Rebooting a computer means to
4)
_______
A)
restart the computer
B)
start the computer
C)
run a program from a hard disk
D)
None of these
5)
The ARM is a
5)
_______
A)
variety of boot ROM
B)
brand of microwave oven
C)
type of processor
D)
type of software
6)
In the 1950s and 1960s before integrated circuits were used, memory was made
6)
_______
A)
by creating a standing wave on a tightened electrical wire
B)
by a process of printing bits, similar to film photography
C)
by using a single transistor
D)
by stringing tiny magnetic "donuts" onto a grid of wire threads
7)
The central idea or concept, removed from a situation, is called
7)
_______
A)
interaction
B)
generalization
C)
information
D)
abstraction
8)
A precise, systematic way to produce a specified result is a(n)
8)
_______
A)
abacus
B)
agent
C)
algorithm
D)
computation
9)
Using ROY G BIV to remember, in order, the colors of the rainbow as red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet is an example of a(n)
9)
_______
A)
algorithm
B)
abstraction
C)
generalization
D)
mnemonic
10)
Understanding how the pedals on your bicycle transfer power to the wheels
10)
______
A)
makes you operationally attuned
B)
is a generalization
C)
is an algorithm
D)
is an abstraction
11)
Booting a computer means to
11)
______
A)
restart the computer
B)
start the computer
C)
run a program from the hard disk
D)
None of these
12)
When an integrated circuit is manufactured
12)
______
A)
the parts are created consecutively by type: first created are the operational units, then the connection, and then all the rest
B)
the circuit is cut into a silicon chip by a microscopic drill bit
C)
a complicated circuit is created as a unit, with all parts created together
D)
many small parts are assembled by firing them onto a silicon chip
13)
Select all that apply. Which of the following are advantages of transistors over vacuum tubes?
13)
______
A)
Transistors can be used alone while vacuum tubes must be used in pairs.
B)
Transistors are smaller than vacuum tubes.
C)
Transistors are more reliable than vacuum tubes.
D)
Transistors use less power than vacuum tubes.
14)
A simpler way to say, "The ability to apply what we know about how a device or system works to simplify its use" is to
14)
______
A)
generalize
B)
use an abstraction
C)
use a mnemonic
D)
be operationally attuned
SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
15)
In tech speak, processor is a synonym for ________.
15)
_____________
16)
________ are algorithms that have been specialized to a specific set of conditions and assumptions and (usually) are written in a specific programming language.
16)
_____________
17)
The replacement of hardware with software, integrated circuits, and layered software are all techniques to ________.
17)
_____________
18)
Computers can be found ________.
18)
_____________
19)
The agent that runs an algorithm may not be a computer. Often it is a(n) ________ instead.
19)
_____________
20)
________ is the physical implementation of a computer, usually electronic, and includes the processor, memory, and, typically, its peripheral devices.
20)
_____________
21)
________ is the collective term for computer programs.
21)
_____________
22)
A(n) ________ is a block of silicon in which active and connective parts are fabricated together.
22)
_____________
23)
To apply your knowledge of how a device works as an aid to simplifying its user means to be ________.
23)
_____________
24)
A(n) ________ is a series of layers of programs that support user applications.
24)
_____________
TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false.
25)
The camera in a smart phone can be classified as an input device.
25)
______
26)
If a device does not have a keyboard attached to it, it cannot be considered a computer.
26)
______
27)
The early computer, ENIAC, weighed thirty tons.
27)
______
28)
In software, the agent is anything that can follow instructions.
28)
______
29)
Transistors helped advance computing because they increased the complexity of the assembly process.
29)
______
30)
There is normally only one unique way to solve every computational task.
30)
______
31)
Software is a collective term for the instructions computers perform to implement applications.
31)
______
32)
Describing a technical problem with the right words helps to facilitate a speedy answer from tech support.
32)
______
33)
ARM (Advanced RISC Machine) is a standard processor that is often used as a component of consumer devices.
33)
______
34)
Only a computer can use digital information.
34)
______
35)
The computer first digitized the U.S. census data in 1980.
35)
______
36)
In computing, all data is represented by numbers, regardless of whether the data is stored in memory, on a hard disk, in the cloud, or anywhere else.
36)
______
37)
Writing software is the job of programmers and software developers.
37)
______
38)
An integrated circuit contains, among other things, transistors.
38)
______
1)
B
2)
B
3)
D
4)
A
5)
C
6)
D
7)
D
8)
C
9)
D
10)
A
11)
B
12)
C
13)
B, C, D
14)
A
15)
computer
16)
Programs
17)
reduce the impact of complexity
18)
everywhere
19)
person
20)
Hardware
21)
Software
22)
integrated circuit
23)
operationally attuned
24)
software stack
25)
TRUE
26)
FALSE
27)
TRUE
28)
TRUE
29)
FALSE
30)
FALSE
31)
TRUE
32)
TRUE
33)
TRUE
34)
FALSE
35)
FALSE
36)
TRUE
37)
TRUE
38)
