Description

Test Bank for Structure And Function Of The Body, 16th Edition By Kevin Patton

Chapter 02: Chemistry of Life

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Which of the following is not a subatomic particle that makes up the atom?

a.	Ion
b.	Proton
c.	Neutron
d.	Electron

ANS: A	DIF: Memorization	REF:	p. 23
OBJ: 2	TOP: Atoms

1. The atomic number of an atom is equal to the number of

a.	electrons
b.	neutrons
c.	protons
d.	both b and c above

ANS: C	DIF: Memorization	REF:	p. 23
OBJ: 2	TOP: Atoms

1. The atomic mass of an atom is equal to the number of

a.	electrons
b.	neutrons
c.	protons
d.	both b and c above

ANS: D	DIF: Memorization	REF:	p. 23
OBJ: 2	TOP: Atoms

1. This subatomic particle is found in the nucleus of the atom.

a.	Electron
b.	Neutron
c.	Proton
d.	Both b and c above

ANS: D	DIF: Memorization	REF:	p. 23
OBJ: 2	TOP: Atoms

1. This subatomic particle is found in orbitals around the nucleus of the atom.

a.	Electron
b.	Neutron
c.	Proton
d.	Both b and c above

ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 24 OBJ: 2 TOP: Atoms

1. This is not a characteristic of a proton:

a.	contributes to the atom’s atomic number
b.	contributes to the atom’s atomic mass

c.	is located in the nucleus of the atom
d.	carries a negative electrical charge

ANS: D	DIF: Memorization	REF:	p. 23
OBJ: 2	TOP: Atoms

1. This is not a characteristic of a neutron:

a.	contributes to the atom’s atomic number
b.	contributes to the atom’s atomic mass
c.	is located in the nucleus of the atom
d.	has no electrical charge

ANS: A	DIF: Memorization	REF:	p. 23
OBJ: 2	TOP: Atoms

1. This is not a characteristic of an electron:

a.	is in an orbital around the nucleus of the atom
b.	has a negative electrical charge
c.	contributes to the atom’s atomic number
d.	all of the above are characteristics of an electron

ANS: C	DIF: Memorization	REF:	p. 23
OBJ: 2	TOP: Atoms

1. A particular atom has 16 protons, 17 neutrons, and 16 electrons. The atomic number of this atom is

a.	49
b.	32
c.	33
d.	16

ANS: D DIF: Application REF: p. 23 OBJ: 2 TOP: Atoms

1. A particular atom has 16 protons, 17 neutrons, and 16 electrons. The atomic mass of this atom is

a.	49
b.	32
c.	33
d.	16

ANS: C DIF: Application REF: p. 23 OBJ: 2 TOP: Atoms

1. The second energy level of an atom

a.	has four orbitals
b.	can hold eight electrons
c.	is a lower energy level then the first energy level
d.	both a and b above

ANS: B DIF: Application REF: p. 24 OBJ: 2 TOP: Atoms

1. Compounds are

a.	pure substances
b.	made up of only one type of atom
c.	made up of two or more different types of atoms
d.	both a and b above

ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: p. 24 OBJ: 1 TOP: Elements, molecules, and compounds

1. The formula for oxygen gas is O2; this means it is

a.	made up of two atoms of oxygen
b.	a molecule
c.	a compound
d.	both a and b above

ANS: D DIF: Application REF: p. 24 OBJ: 1 TOP: Elements, molecules, and compounds

1. If an atom had 20 protons and 18 electrons, it would

a.	have a negative 2 charge
b.	have a plus 2 charge
c.	be attracted to a positively charged ion
d.	both a and c above

ANS: B DIF: Application REF: p. 25 OBJ: 3 TOP: Ionic bonds

1. Ionic bonds:

a.	usually dissolve easily in water
b.	produced ions when dissolved in water
c.	are formed by atoms of opposite charge
d.	all of the above

ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 25 OBJ: 3 TOP: Ionic bonds

1. Covalent bonds

a.	dissociate in water
b.	are formed when electrons are shared between atoms
c.	are formed by atoms of opposite charge
d.	both a and c above

ANS: B	DIF:	Memorization	REF:	pp. 25-26
OBJ: 3	TOP:	Covalent bonds

1. Organic compounds must contain

a.	oxygen
b.	carbon–oxygen bonds
c.	hydrogen–oxygen bonds
d.	none of the above

ANS: D	DIF: Memorization	REF:	p. 27
OBJ: 4	TOP: Inorganic chemistry

1. Which of the following is not true of water?

a.	Water is the most abundant organic compound in the body.
b.	Water is found both in and around the cells of the body.
c.	Water is the solvent in which most other compounds are dissolved.
d.	All of the above are true of water.

ANS: A	DIF: Memorization	REF:	p. 27
OBJ: 5	TOP: Water

1. In a dehydration synthesis reaction:

a.	water is a reactant
b.	water is a product
c.	a large molecule is broken down into a smaller one
d.	both a and c above

ANS: B	DIF: Memorization	REF:	p. 27
OBJ: 5	TOP: Water

1. In a dehydration synthesis reaction:

a.	hydrogen and oxygen are removed from the reactants
b.	water is added to the reactants
c.	water is broken down into hydrogen and oxygen
d.	both a and c above

ANS: A	DIF:	Memorization	REF:	p. 27
OBJ: 5	TOP:	Water

1. In a hydrolysis reaction:

a.	water is a product
b.	water is a reactant
c.	water is broken down into hydrogen and oxygen
d.	the product is larger than either reactant

ANS: B	DIF:	Memorization	REF:	p. 27
OBJ: 5	TOP:	Water

1. Which of the following statements is true?

a.	The process of hydrolysis is used to build a larger molecule from smaller molecules.
b.	Water is an end product of a hydrolysis reaction.
c.	The process of dehydration synthesis is used to build a larger molecule from smaller molecules.
d.	Water is a reactant in a dehydration synthesis reaction.

ANS: C	DIF: Memorization	REF:	p. 27
OBJ: 5	TOP: Water

1. Which is not true of the following chemical equation? K+ + Cl– ®KCl

a.	The equation indicates that there are two reactants.
b.	The equation indicates that there is one product.
c.	The equation indicates that the reaction occurs in both directions equally.

d.	All of the above are true.

ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: p. 28 OBJ: 4 TOP: Inorganic chemistry

1. An acid

a.	has a pH greater than 7
b.	has a pH less than 7
c.	has more OH– ions than H+ ions in solution
d.	both a and c above

ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: p. 28 OBJ: 6 TOP: Acids, bases, and salts

1. A base

a.	has a pH greater than 7
b.	has a pH less than 7
c.	has more OH– ions than H+ ions in solution
d.	both a and c above

ANS: D	DIF:	Memorization	REF:	p. 28
OBJ: 6	TOP:	Acids, bases, and salts

1. A solution with a pH of 6

a.	is an acid
b.	is a base
c.	has 10 times more H+ ions than a solution with a pH of 5
d.	both a and c above

ANS: A	DIF:	Memorization	REF:	p. 28
OBJ: 6	TOP:	Acids, bases, and salts

1. A solution with a pH of 11

a.	is an acid
b.	is a base
c.	has 10 times more OH– ions than a solution with a pH of 10
d.	both b and c above

ANS: D	DIF:	Memorization	REF:	p. 28
OBJ: 6	TOP:	Acids, bases, and salts

1. When the body removes CO2 by way of the respiratory system

a.	it lowers the pH of the blood
b.	it raises the pH of the blood
c.	it has no effect on pH because CO2 is neither an acid nor a base
d.	it is acting as a buffer

ANS: B	DIF: Memorization	REF:	p. 29
OBJ: 6	TOP: Acids, bases, and salts

1. If a strong acid were added to one container of pure water and an equal amount of a weak acid were added to a second container of pure water:

a.	the pH of both containers would go up equally

b.	the pH of both containers would go down equally
c.	the pH of the container with the strong acid would go up more than the container with the weak acid
d.	none of the above

ANS: D DIF: Application REF: p. 28 OBJ: 6 TOP: Acids, bases, and salts

1. Which of the following is a monosaccharide?

a.	Glucose
b.	Sucrose
c.	Lactose
d.	Glucagon

ANS: A	DIF: Memorization	REF:	p. 30
OBJ: 7	TOP: Carbohydrates

1. Which of the following is a disaccharide?

a.	Glucose
b.	Sucrose
c.	Starch
d.	Glycogen

ANS: B	DIF: Memorization	REF:	p. 30
OBJ: 7	TOP: Carbohydrates

1. Which of the following is a polysaccharide?

a.	Glucose
b.	Lactose
c.	Sucrose
d.	Glycogen

ANS: D	DIF: Memorization	REF:	p. 30
OBJ: 7	TOP: Carbohydrates

1. Liver cells and muscle cells are able to store chains of glucose in a molecule called

a.	glycogen
b.	polyglucose
c.	sucrose
d.	lactose

ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 30 OBJ: 7 TOP: Carbohydrates

1. Which of the following is not true of triglycerides?

a.	A part of the molecule attracts water.
b.	The molecule contains three fatty acids.
c.	The molecule contains glycerol.
d.	Triglycerides are used by the body to store energy.

ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 30 OBJ: 7 TOP: Lipids

1. Which of the following is not true of phospholipids?

a.	The molecule contains three fatty acids.
b.	The molecule has a water-attracting part.
c.	The molecule has a water-repelling part.
d.	It is important in the structure of the cell membrane.

ANS: A	DIF: Memorization	REF:	p. 30
OBJ: 7	TOP: Lipids

1. Which of the following is not true of cholesterol?

a.	It is a steroid lipid.
b.	It helps stabilize the cell membrane.
c.	It contains only two fatty acids.
d.	It is the starting point for making the hormone estrogen.

ANS: C	DIF: Memorization	REF:	p. 31
OBJ: 7	TOP: Lipids

1. This lipid can be found in the cell membrane

a.	triglycerides
b.	phospholipids
c.	cholesterol
d.	both b and c above

ANS: D	DIF: Memorization	REF:	p. 31
OBJ: 7	TOP: Lipids

1. Which of the following is a structural protein?

a.	Hormones
b.	Collagen
c.	Growth factor
d.	Enzymes

ANS: B	DIF: Memorization	REF:	p. 32
OBJ: 7	TOP: Proteins

1. The “lock and key” model is use to describe the functioning of

a.	enzymes
b.	collagen molecules
c.	keratin molecules
d.	both a and c above

ANS: A	DIF: Memorization	REF:	p. 32
OBJ: 7	TOP: Proteins

1. Which of the following is not true of enzymes?

a.	They function on the lock and key model.
b.	They are functional proteins.
c.	They are catalysts.
d.	All of the above are true of enzymes.

ANS: D	DIF: Memorization	REF:	p. 32
OBJ: 7	TOP: Proteins

1. This molecule is found in DNA but not RNA

a.	guanine
b.	thymine
c.	uracil
d.	adenine

ANS: B	DIF: Memorization	REF:	p. 32
OBJ: 7	TOP: Nucleic acids

1. This molecule is found in DNA but not RNA

a.	adenine
b.	ribose sugar
c.	deoxyribose sugar
d.	phosphate

ANS: C	DIF: Memorization	REF:	p. 32
OBJ: 7	TOP: Nucleic acids

1. This molecule is found in RNA but not DNA

a.	guanine
b.	thymine
c.	uracil
d.	adenine

ANS: C	DIF: Memorization	REF:	p. 32
OBJ: 7	TOP: Nucleic acids

1. This molecule is found in RNA but not DNA

a.	ribose sugar
b.	deoxyribose sugar
c.	adenine
d.	cytosine

ANS: A	DIF: Memorization	REF:	p. 32
OBJ: 7	TOP: Nucleic acids

1. This subatomic particle does not contribute to the mass of an atom

a.	proton
b.	neutron
c.	electron
d.	all of the above particles contribute to the mass of an atom

ANS: C	DIF: Memorization	REF:	p. 23
OBJ: 2	TOP: Atoms

1. The magnesium atom has two electrons in its outer energy level and is willing to donate both of them. The sodium atom has seven electrons in its outer energy level and will accept one electron. The chemical formula for the compound formed by magnesium and sodium would be

a.	Mg2Na
b.	MgNa2

c.	Mg2S
d.	MgS2

ANS: B DIF: Synthesis REF: pp. 25-26 OBJ: 3

TOP: Ionic bonds

1. Which of the following organs help maintain the proper pH of body fluids?

a.	Kidneys by forming urine
b.	Lungs by exhaling carbon dioxide
c.	Spleen by filtering the blood
d.	Both a and b above

ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 29 OBJ: 6 TOP: Acids, bases, and salts

1. Which of the following lipids do not contain fatty acids?

a.	Phospholipids
b.	Cholesterol
c.	Triglycerides
d.	Both a and b above

ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: pp. 30-31 OBJ: 7 TOP: Lipids

1. Which of the following lipids are used as starting points in the making of hormones?

a.	Phospholipids
b.	Cholesterol
c.	Triglycerides
d.	Both b and c above

ANS: B	DIF: Memorization	REF:	p. 31
OBJ: 7	TOP: Lipids

1. In an atom, each orbital can hold

a.	one electron
b.	two electrons
c.	eight electrons
d.	hydrogen can hold two and the rest of the atoms can hold eight

ANS: B	DIF: Memorization	REF:	p. 24
OBJ: 2	TOP: Atoms

1. An isotope is an atom with

a.	more protons than electrons
b.	more electrons than protons
c.	the same number of protons but different number of neutrons
d.	either a or b above

ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: p. 25 OBJ: 3 TOP: Clinical Application: Radioactive Isotopes

1. Which of the following carries a positive electrical charge?

a.

Proton

b.	Neutron
c.	Electron
d.	Both proton and neutron

ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 23 OBJ: 2 TOP: Atoms

1. Which of the following is found in the nucleus of the atom?

a.	Proton
b.	Neutron
c.	Electron
d.	Both proton and neutron

ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 23 OBJ: 2 TOP: Atoms

1. Which of the following is found in orbitals surrounding the nucleus of the atom?

a.	Proton
b.	Neutron
c.	Electron
d.	Both proton and neutron

ANS: C	DIF: Memorization	REF:	p. 23
OBJ: 2	TOP: Atoms

1. Which of the following carries no electrical charge?

a.	Proton
b.	Neutron
c.	Electron
d.	Both proton and neutron

ANS: B	DIF: Memorization	REF:	p. 23
OBJ: 2	TOP: Atoms

1. Which of the following contributes to the atom’s atomic mass?

a.	Proton
b.	Neutron
c.	Electron
d.	Both proton and neutron

ANS: D	DIF: Memorization	REF:	p. 23
OBJ: 2	TOP: Atoms

1. Which of the following contributes to the atom’s atomic number?

a.	Proton
b.	Neutron
c.	Electron
d.	Both proton and neutron

ANS: A	DIF: Memorization	REF:	p. 23
OBJ: 2	TOP: Atoms

1. Which of the following carries a negative electrical charge?

a.	Proton
b.	Neutron
c.	Electron
d.	Both proton and neutron

ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: p. 23 OBJ: 2 TOP: Atoms

1. Which of the following contain three fatty acids and a molecule of glycerol?

a.	Enzymes
b.	Triglycerides
c.	Phospholipids
d.	All of the above

ANS: B	DIF: Memorization	REF:	p. 29
OBJ: 7	TOP: Lipids

1. Which of the following is an example of a monosaccharide?

a.	Glucose
b.	Lactose
c.	Glycogen
d.	Starch

ANS: A	DIF: Memorization	REF:	p. 30
OBJ: 7	TOP: Carbohydrates

1. Which of the following has thymine as one of its nucleotides?

a.	DNA
b.	RNA
c.	Both a and b above
d.	Neither a nor b above

ANS: A	DIF: Memorization	REF:	p. 32
OBJ: 7	TOP: Nucleic acids

1. Which of the following is a lipid with a water-attracting and water-repelling part of its molecule?

a.	Triglycerides
b.	Cholesterol
c.	Phospholipids
d.	None of the above

ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: p. 30 OBJ: 7 TOP: Lipids

1. Which of the following is an example of a structural protein?

a.	Enzymes
b.	Collagen
c.	Glycogen
d.	None of the above

ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: p. 32 OBJ: 7 TOP: Proteins

1. Which of the following is an example of a functional protein?

a.	Collagen
b.	Glycogen
c.	Enzymes
d.	None of the above

ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: p. 32 OBJ: 7 TOP: Proteins

1. Which of the following is a lipid that can be found along with cholesterol in the cell membrane?

a.	Triglycerides
b.	Phospholipids
c.	Both a and b above
d.	Neither a nor b above

ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: p. 30 OBJ: 7 TOP: Lipids

1. Which of the following is a nucleic acid with a double helix structure?

a.	DNA
b.	RNA
c.	Both a and b above
d.	Neither a nor b above

ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 32 OBJ: 7 TOP: Nucleic acids

1. Which of the following is a protein whose function is explained by the lock and key model?

a.	Collagen
b.	Glycogen
c.	Enzymes
d.	None of the above

ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: p. 32 OBJ: 7 TOP: Proteins

1. Which of the following has uracil as one of its nucleotides?

a.	DNA
b.	RNA
c.	Both a and b above
d.	Neither a nor b above

ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: p. 32 OBJ: 7 TOP: Nucleic acids

1. Which of the following is an example of a disaccharide?

a.	Glucose
b.	Dextrose
c.	Glycogen
d.	Lactose

ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 30 OBJ: 7 TOP: Carbohydrates

1. Which of the following is a starting substance for making the hormones estrogen and testosterone?

a.	Lactose
b.	Collagen
c.	DNA
d.	Cholesterol

ANS: D	DIF: Memorization	REF:	p. 31
OBJ: 7	TOP: Lipids

1. Which of the following acts as a chemical catalyst?

a.	DNA
b.	RNA
c.	Enzymes
d.	Phospholipids

ANS: C	DIF: Memorization	REF:	p. 32
OBJ: 7	TOP: Proteins

1. Which of the following is an example of a polysaccharide?

a.	Glucose
b.	Glycogen
c.	Dextrose
d.	Lactose

ANS: B	DIF: Memorization	REF:	p. 30
OBJ: 7	TOP: Carbohydrates

1. Which of the following is the steroid lipid?

a.	Cholesterol
b.	Triglycerides
c.	Enzymes
d.	Phospholipids

ANS: A	DIF: Memorization	REF:	p. 31
OBJ: 7	TOP: Lipids

1. This element is not one of the elements that make up 96% of the body.

a.	Nitrogen
b.	Hydrogen
c.	Oxygen
d.	Sodium

ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 24 OBJ: 1 TOP: Elements, molecules, and compounds

1. This is a way the body can remove excess H+ ions from the body

a.	excreting them in the urine
b.	exhaling CO2 from the lungs
c.	using a buffer

d.	all of the above can remove H+ ions from the blood

ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 29 OBJ: 6 TOP: Acids, bases, and salts

1. This modified nucleotide plays an important role in energy-transfer in the body

a.	adenosine triphosphate
b.	enzymes
c.	mRNA
d.	glycoproteins

ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 33 OBJ: 7 TOP: Nucleic acids

1. Low blood pH results in a condition called

a.	alkalosis
b.	acidosis
c.	atherosclerosis
d.	hydrolysis

ANS: B OBJ: 6 TRUE/FALSE	DIF: Memorization TOP: Acids, bases, and salts	REF: p. 29
1. Matter can be defined as anything that occupies space and has mass.
ANS: T OBJ: 1	DIF: Memorization TOP: Levels of chemical organization	REF: p. 23

1. Atoms have never been seen by scientists, but their presence is strongly supported by the atomic theory.

ANS: F	DIF: Memorization	REF:	p. 23
OBJ: 2	TOP: Atoms

1. The proton of the atom carries a positive electrical charge.

ANS: T	DIF: Memorization	REF:	p. 23
OBJ: 2	TOP: Atoms

1. The proton of the atom is found in orbitals around the nucleus.

ANS: F	DIF: Memorization	REF:	p. 23
OBJ: 2	TOP: Atoms

1. The proton of an atom is found in the nucleus.

ANS: T	DIF: Memorization	REF:	p. 23
OBJ: 2	TOP: Atoms

1. An atom with 15 protons would have an atomic mass of 15.

ANS: F DIF: Application REF: p. 23 OBJ: 2 TOP: Atoms

1. An atom with 15 protons would have an atomic number of 15.

ANS: T DIF: Application REF: p. 23 OBJ: 2 TOP: Atoms

1. An atom with 15 protons and 15 electrons would have an atomic mass of 30.

ANS: F DIF: Application REF: p. 23 OBJ: 2 TOP: Atoms

1. An atom with 15 protons and 15 neutrons would have an atomic mass of 30.

ANS: T DIF: Application REF: p. 23 OBJ: 2 TOP: Atoms

1. Neutrons have no electrical charge.

ANS: T	DIF: Memorization	REF:	p. 23
OBJ: 2	TOP: Atoms

1. Neutrons and electrons are found in the nucleus of the atom.

ANS: F	DIF: Memorization	REF:	p. 23
OBJ: 2	TOP: Atoms

1. Neutrons contribute to the atomic number of an atom.

ANS: F	DIF: Memorization	REF:	p. 23
OBJ: 2	TOP: Atoms

1. Neutrons contribute to the atomic mass of the atom.

ANS: T	DIF: Memorization	REF:	p. 23
OBJ: 2	TOP: Atoms

1. Electrons carry a negative electrical charge.

ANS: T	DIF: Memorization	REF:	p. 23
OBJ: 2	TOP: Atoms

1. The number of electrons plus the number of protons is equal to the atomic number of an atom.

ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 23 OBJ: 2 TOP: Atoms

1. All orbitals of an atom can hold two electrons.

ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 23 OBJ: 2 TOP: Atoms

1. All energy levels of an atom can hold four orbitals.

ANS: F	DIF: Memorization	REF:	p. 24
OBJ: 2	TOP: Atoms

1. All energy levels can hold eight electrons.

ANS: F	DIF: Memorization	REF:	p. 24
OBJ: 2	TOP: Atoms

1. The first energy level of an atom can hold only two orbitals.

ANS: F	DIF: Memorization	REF:	p. 24
OBJ: 2	TOP: Atoms

1. The first energy level of an atom is closest to the nucleus and is the lowest energy level.

ANS: T	DIF: Memorization	REF:	p. 24
OBJ: 2	TOP: Atoms

1. The terms energy level and electron orbital are interchangeable.

ANS: F	DIF: Memorization	REF:	p. 24
OBJ: 2	TOP: Atoms

1. Elements are pure substances.

ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 24 OBJ: 1 TOP: Elements, molecules, and compounds

1. The terms molecule and compound are interchangeable.

ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 24 OBJ: 1 TOP: Elements, molecules, and compounds

1. A formula of a compound tells you the number and types of elements that make up that compound.

ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 24 OBJ: 1 TOP: Elements, molecules, and compounds

1. The elements sodium, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen make up 96% of the human body.

ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 24 OBJ: 1 TOP: Elements, molecules, and compounds

1. An atom is said to be chemically stable when its outer energy level is full.

ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 24 OBJ: 3 TOP: Chemical bonding

1. An atom with one more electron than proton would have a plus one charge.

ANS: F DIF: Application REF: p. 25 OBJ: 3 TOP: Ionic bonds

1. In order for an atom to be an ion, the number of electrons cannot equal the number of protons.

ANS: T DIF: Application REF: p. 25 OBJ: 3 TOP: Ionic bonds

1. When ionic compounds dissolve in water, they tend to dissociate into ions.

ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 25 OBJ: 3 TOP: Ionic bonds

1. The ions that are dissolved in water are called electrolytes.

ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 25 OBJ: 3 TOP: Ionic bonds

1. The symbol for a sodium atom that has lost one electron would be Na.

ANS: F DIF: Application REF: p. 25 OBJ: 3 TOP: Ionic bonds

1. The symbol for a sodium atom that has lost one electron would be Na+.

ANS: T DIF: Application REF: p. 25 OBJ: 3 TOP: Ionic bonds

1. Atom X has eight electrons, two in its first energy level and six in its second energy level. It would most likely form an ion with a plus two charge.

ANS: F DIF: Synthesis REF: p. 25 OBJ: 3

TOP: Ionic bonds

1. Covalent bonds do not usually dissociate in water.

ANS: T	DIF: Memorization	REF:	p. 26
OBJ: 3	TOP: Covalent bonds

1. Covalent bonds dissociate into ions when dissolved in water.

ANS: F	DIF: Memorization	REF:	p. 26
OBJ: 3	TOP: Covalent bonds

1. All compounds in the human body are, by definition, organic compounds.

ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 27 OBJ: 4 TOP: Inorganic chemistry

1. Organic compounds must have either a C–C or C–H bond.

ANS: T	DIF: Memorization	REF:	p. 27
OBJ: 4	TOP: Inorganic chemistry

1. Water is an inorganic compound.

ANS: T	DIF: Memorization	REF:	p. 27
OBJ: 5	TOP: Water

1. Aqueous solutions have water as the solvent.

ANS: T	DIF: Memorization	REF:	p. 27
OBJ: 5	TOP: Water

1. In a dehydration synthesis reaction, water is always a reactant.

ANS: F	DIF: Memorization	REF:	p. 27
OBJ: 5	TOP: Water

1. In a dehydration synthesis reaction, water is always a product.

ANS: T	DIF: Memorization	REF:	p. 27
OBJ: 5	TOP: Water

1. In dehydration synthesis reaction, smaller reactants are joined to form a larger product.

ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 27 OBJ: 5 TOP: Water

1. In the process of hydrolysis, a molecule of water is broken down to hydrogen and oxygen.

ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 27 OBJ: 5 TOP: Water

1. In hydrolysis, water is used to break the bonds of a larger molecule and convert it to smaller molecules.

ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 27 OBJ: 5 TOP: Water

1. In a hydrolysis reaction, water is always an end product.

ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 27 OBJ: 5 TOP: Water

1. Hydrolysis is virtually the reverse of a dehydration synthesis reaction.

ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 27 OBJ: 5 TOP: Water

1. Acids produce an excess of H+ ions.

ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 28

OBJ: 6 TOP: Acids, bases, and salts

1. Bases produce an excess of OH– ions.

ANS: T	DIF: Memorization	REF:	p. 28
OBJ: 6	TOP: Acids, bases, and salts

1. An increase in H+ ions will cause an increase in the pH value.

ANS: F	DIF: Memorization	REF:	p. 28
OBJ: 6	TOP: Acids, bases, and salts

1. An increase in pH value would mean more H+ ions are in solution.

ANS: F DIF: Application REF: p. 28 OBJ: 6 TOP: Acids, bases, and salts

1. A solution with a pH of 4 has 100 times more H+ ions than a solution with a pH of 2.

ANS: F DIF: Application REF: p. 28 OBJ: 6 TOP: Acids, bases, and salts

1. A solution with a pH of 3 has 10 times more H+ ions than a solution with a pH of 4.

ANS: T DIF: Application REF: p. 28 OBJ: 6 TOP: Acids, bases, and salts

1. A solution that has a greater concentration of OH– ions than H+ ions would be called a base.

ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 28 OBJ: 6 TOP: Acids, bases, and salts

1. A strong acid added to a solution would raise the pH more than the same amount of a weak acid added to the solution.

ANS: F DIF: Application REF: p. 28 OBJ: 6 TOP: Acids, bases, and salts

1. When a neutralization reaction occurs between a strong acid and base, one of the end products is water.

ANS: T	DIF: Memorization	REF:	p. 29
OBJ: 6	TOP: Acids, bases, and salts

1. A buffer is a chemical that helps prevent a sudden change in pH.

ANS: T	DIF: Memorization	REF:	p. 29
OBJ: 6	TOP: Acids, bases, and salts

1. The word carbohydrate literally means “sugar.”

ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 29

OBJ: 7 TOP: Carbohydrates

1. Both sucrose and lactose are monosaccharides.

ANS: F	DIF: Memorization	REF:	p. 30
OBJ: 7	TOP: Carbohydrates

1. Glucose is used by the body as a source of energy.

ANS: T	DIF: Memorization	REF:	p. 29
OBJ: 7	TOP: Carbohydrates

1. Both sucrose and lactose are disaccharides.

ANS: T	DIF: Memorization	REF:	p. 30
OBJ: 7	TOP: Carbohydrates

1. A molecule of glycogen contains more saccharide units than a molecule of sucrose.

ANS: T DIF: Application REF: p. 30 OBJ: 7 TOP: Carbohydrates

1. A molecule of glucose has more saccharide units than a molecule of lactose.

ANS: F DIF: Application REF: p. 30 OBJ: 7 TOP: Carbohydrates

1. Muscles store chains of glucose in a molecule called dextrose.

ANS: F	DIF: Memorization	REF:	p. 30
OBJ: 7	TOP: Carbohydrates

1. Glycogen and starch are both polysaccharides.

ANS: T	DIF: Memorization	REF:	p. 30
OBJ: 7	TOP: Carbohydrates

1. Cholesterol is an important source of energy for the body.

ANS: F	DIF: Memorization	REF:	p. 30
OBJ: 7	TOP: Lipids

1. Phospholipids and triglycerides both contain fatty acids.

ANS: T	DIF: Memorization	REF:	p. 30
OBJ: 7	TOP: Lipids

1. Phospholipids and triglycerides both have parts of their molecules that attract water.

ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 30 OBJ: 7 TOP: Lipids

1. Phospholipids are the starting substance for several steroid hormones in the body.

ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 31 OBJ: 7 TOP: Lipids

1. Both phospholipids and cholesterol are structural components of the cell membrane.

ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: pp. 30-31 OBJ: 7 TOP: Lipids

1. Both phospholipids and cholesterol are steroid lipids.

ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 31 OBJ: 7 TOP: Lipids

1. The bonds that join amino acids together to form a protein are called peptide bonds.

ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 31 OBJ: 7 TOP: Proteins

1. The functional proteins in the body include hormones, collagen, and cell membrane receptors.

ANS: F	DIF: Memorization	REF:	p. 32
OBJ: 7	TOP: Proteins

1. The shape of proteins determines their role in body chemistry.

ANS: T	DIF: Memorization	REF:	p. 32
OBJ: 7	TOP: Proteins

1. The basic building blocks of nucleic acids are nucleotides.

ANS: T	DIF: Memorization	REF:	p. 32
OBJ: 7	TOP: Nucleic acids

1. Both DNA and RNA contain uracil.

ANS: F	DIF: Memorization	REF:	p. 32
OBJ: 7	TOP: Nucleic acids

1. Both DNA and RNA contain a sugar molecule as part of their structure.

ANS: T DIF: Application REF: p. 32 OBJ: 7 TOP: Nucleic acids

1. Both DNA and RNA have a double helix structure.

ANS: F	DIF: Memorization	REF:	p. 32
OBJ: 7	TOP: Nucleic acids

1. DNA is the “master code” for making proteins.

ANS: T	DIF: Memorization	REF:	p. 32
OBJ: 7	TOP: Nucleic acids

1. LDLs have a high concentration of protein and low concentration of lipid.

ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 31 OBJ: 7 TOP: Clinical Application: Blood Lipoproteins

1. HDL is sometimes called the “bad” cholesterol.

ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 31 OBJ: 7 TOP: Clinical Application: Blood Lipoproteins

1. LDL is sometimes called the “bad” cholesterol.

ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 31 OBJ: 7 TOP: Clinical Application: Blood Lipoproteins

1. High levels of LDL are associated with the development of atherosclerosis.

ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 31 OBJ: 7 TOP: Clinical Application: Blood Lipoproteins

1. An atom’s mass number is usually greater than its atomic number.

ANS: T DIF: Application REF: p. 23 OBJ: 2 TOP: Atoms

1. An atom’s atomic number is usually greater than its mass number.

ANS: F DIF: Application REF: p. 23 OBJ: 2 TOP: Atoms

1. Electrons move in an elliptical orbit rather than a circular orbit around the nucleus.

ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: pp. 23-24 OBJ: 2 TOP: Atoms

1. An electron in the third energy level is closer to the nucleus than an electron in the second energy level.

ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 24 OBJ: 2 TOP: Atoms

1. All compounds are molecules, but not all molecules are compounds.

ANS: T DIF: Application REF: p. 24 OBJ: 1 TOP: Elements, molecules, and compounds

1. The bond between carbon and hydrogen in an organic compound is an example of a covalent bond.

ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 26 OBJ: 4 TOP: Inorganic chemistry

1. Water is the most abundant solute in the body.

ANS: F	DIF: Memorization	REF:	p. 27
OBJ: 5	TOP: Water

1. Chemical bonds can store potential chemical energy.

ANS: T	DIF: Memorization	REF:	pp. 27-28
OBJ: 3	TOP: Water

1. The primary source of energy used by the body is a carbohydrate.

ANS: T	DIF: Memorization	REF:	p. 30
OBJ: 7	TOP: Carbohydrates

1. The only group of organic compounds that contains sugar is the carbohydrates.

ANS: F DIF: Application REF: p. 30 OBJ: 7 TOP: Carbohydrates | Nucleic acids

1. Adenosine triphosphate is a modified nucleotide that is important in energy transfer in the body.

ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 30 OBJ: 7 TOP: Nucleic acids

1. If blood pH tests indicate that your blood pH is high, you are suffering from alkalosis.

ANS: T DIF: Application REF: p. 29 OBJ: 6 TOP: Acids, bases, and salts

MATCHING

Match the name of the element with the correct symbol.

a.	Potassium
b.	Phosphorus
c.	Sodium
d.	Calcium
e.	Carbon
f.	Hydrogen
g.	Chlorine
h.	Nitrogen

1. C
2. Ca
3. Cl
4. H
5. Na
6. P
7. K

8.	N
1.	ANS: OBJ:	E 1	DIF: TOP:	Memorization REF: Elements, molecules, and compounds	p. 26
2.	ANS: OBJ:	D 1	DIF: TOP:	Memorization REF: Elements, molecules, and compounds	p. 26
3.	ANS: OBJ:	G 1	DIF: TOP:	Memorization REF: Elements, molecules, and compounds	p. 26
4.	ANS: OBJ:	F 1	DIF: TOP:	Memorization REF: Elements, molecules, and compounds	p. 26
5.	ANS: OBJ:	C 1	DIF: TOP:	Memorization REF: Elements, molecules, and compounds	p. 26
6.	ANS: OBJ:	B 1	DIF: TOP:	Memorization REF: Elements, molecules, and compounds	p. 26
7.	ANS: OBJ:	A 1	DIF: TOP:	Memorization REF: Elements, molecules, and compounds	p. 26
8.	ANS: OBJ:	H 1	DIF: TOP:	Memorization REF: Elements, molecules, and compounds	p. 26

Match the term with its definition or explanation.

a.	Proton
b.	Electron
c.	Neutron
d.	Atomic mass
e.	Atomic number
f.	Element
g.	Compound
h.	Hydrolysis
i.	Acid
j.	Base
k.	Covalent bond
l.	Ionic bond
m.	Water
n.	Buffer
o.	Electrolytes
p.	Dehydration synthesis

1. A process where a molecule of water is used to make large compounds smaller
2. A substance composed of more than one type of element
3. When an ionic compound dissociates in water it forms these
4. Bond formed by the attraction of opposite charges
5. A subatomic particle with a positive charge
6. The most important inorganic compound in the body
7. A substance that resists a change in pH
8. A subatomic particle with a negative charge
9. The sum of the protons and neutrons in an atom
10. The number of protons in an atom
11. A pure substance made up of only one kind of atom
12. A subatomic particle with no charge
13. A substance that increases the concentration of H+ ions in a solution
14. A bond formed when electrons are shared
15. A substance that increases the concentration of OH– ions in a solution
    1. A process where a molecule of water is removed to make two small molecules into one larger molecule

9. ANS: OBJ:	H 5	DIF: TOP:	Memorization Water	REF:	p. 27
10. ANS: OBJ:	G 1	DIF: TOP:	Memorization REF: Elements, molecules, and compounds		p. 24
11. ANS: OBJ:	O 3	DIF: TOP:	Memorization Ionic bonds	REF:	p. 25
12. ANS: OBJ:	L 3	DIF: TOP:	Memorization Ionic bonds	REF:	p. 26
13. ANS: OBJ:	A 2	DIF: TOP:	Memorization Atoms	REF:	p. 23
14. ANS: OBJ:	M 5	DIF: TOP:	Memorization Water	REF:	p. 27
15. ANS: OBJ:	N 6	DIF: TOP:	Memorization Acids, bases, and salts	REF:	p. 29
16. ANS: OBJ:	B 2	DIF: TOP:	Memorization Atoms	REF:	p. 23
17. ANS: OBJ:	D 2	DIF: TOP:	Memorization Atoms	REF:	p. 23
18. ANS: OBJ:	E 2	DIF: TOP:	Memorization Atoms	REF:	p. 23
19. ANS: OBJ:	F 1	DIF: TOP:	Memorization REF: Elements, molecules, and compounds		p. 24
20. ANS: OBJ:	C 2	DIF: TOP:	Memorization Atoms	REF:	p. 23
21. ANS: OBJ:	I 6	DIF: TOP:	Memorization Acids, bases, and salts	REF:	p. 28
22. ANS: OBJ:	K 3	DIF: TOP:	Memorization Covalent bonds	REF:	p. 25
23. ANS: OBJ:	J 6	DIF: TOP:	Memorization Acids, bases, and salts	REF:	p. 28
24. ANS: OBJ:	P 5	DIF: TOP:	Memorization Water	REF:	p. 27

Match the term with the definition or explanation.

a.	Glucose
b.	Enzyme
c.	Triglyceride
d.	Glycogen
e.	Cholesterol
f.	Adenosine triphosphate
g.	RNA
h.	Phospholipids
i.	Collagen
j.	DNA

1. This is an example of a functional protein.
2. This nucleic acid has thymine as one of its nitrogen bases.
   1. This lipid has a side that attracts water and another side that repels water and is important in formation of cell membranes.
   2. This is the monosaccharide that the body prefers for its source of energy.
   3. This is an example of a structural protein.
   4. This nucleic acid has uracil as one of its nitrogen bases.
   5. This lipid is made up of a molecule of glycerol and three fatty acids.
   6. This is a special type of nucleotide that is used to transfer energy in the body.
   7. This is a lipid that is used in the making of a number of hormones in the body.
   8. This is the polysaccharide that the human body stores for energy.

25.	ANS: OBJ:	B 7	DIF: TOP:	Memorization Proteins	REF:	p. 32
26.	ANS: OBJ:	J 7	DIF: TOP:	Memorization Nucleic acids	REF:	p. 32
27.	ANS: OBJ:	H 7	DIF: TOP:	Memorization Lipids	REF:	p. 30
28.	ANS: OBJ:	A 7	DIF: TOP:	Memorization Carbohydrates	REF:	p. 30
29.	ANS: OBJ:	I 7	DIF: TOP:	Memorization Protein	REF:	p. 32
30.	ANS: OBJ:	G 7	DIF: TOP:	Memorization Nucleic acids	REF:	p. 32
31.	ANS: OBJ:	C 7	DIF: TOP:	Memorization Lipids	REF:	p. 30
32.	ANS: OBJ:	F 7	DIF: TOP:	Memorization Nucleic acids	REF:	p. 33
33.	ANS: OBJ:	E 7	DIF: TOP:	Memorization Lipids	REF:	p. 31
34.	ANS: OBJ:	D 7	DIF: TOP:	Memorization Carbohydrates	REF:	p. 29

ESSAY

1. Briefly describe the structure of the atom.

ANS: (Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization TOP: Atoms	REF:	p. 23	OBJ:	2

1. A particular atom contains 28 protons, 28 electrons, and 31 neutrons. What is its atomic mass? What is its atomic number?

ANS:

(Answers may vary)

DIF: Synthesis REF: p. 23 OBJ: 2 TOP: Atoms

1. Distinguish among an element, a molecule, and a compound.

ANS:

(Answers may vary)

DIF: Memorization REF: p. 24 OBJ: 1 TOP: Elements, molecules, and compounds

1. Write the correct chemical formula for a substance containing four atoms of chlorine and one atom of carbon.

ANS:

(Answers may vary)

DIF: Synthesis REF: p. 24 OBJ: 1 TOP: Elements, molecules, and compounds

1. Assume an atom of element X has two electrons in its outermost energy level. Two atoms of element Y each have seven electrons in their outermost energy level (eight is stable). Explain how an ionic bond would form among these three atoms and give the formula for the compound.

ANS:

(Answers may vary)

DIF: Synthesis REF: p. 25 OBJ: 3 TOP: Atoms, Ionic bonds

1. Explain the relationship between the number of H+ ions in solution and the pH value.

ANS:

(Answers may vary)

DIF: Application REF: p. 28 OBJ: 6 TOP: Acids, bases, and salts

1. Describe the three ways in which the body can regulate the removal of H+ ions or a sudden change in pH.

ANS: (Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization TOP: Acids, bases, and salts	REF: p. 29	OBJ: 6

1. List the three types of lipids in the body and describe the structure and function of each.

ANS: (Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization TOP: Lipids	REF: pp. 30-31	OBJ: 7

1. Differentiate between DNA and RNA in terms of structure and function.

ANS:

(Answers may vary)

DIF: Application REF: p. 29 OBJ: 7 TOP: Nucleic acids

1. Describe the two different types of lipoproteins in the blood. Explain their possible impact on health.

ANS:

(Answers may vary)

DIF: Memorization REF: p. 31 OBJ: 7 TOP: Clinical Application: Blood Lipoproteins

1. Explain the difference between structural and functional proteins. Give an example of each.

ANS: (Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization TOP: Proteins	REF: p. 32	OBJ: 7

1. Describe the types of carbohydrates. What are the two large molecules that can store carbohydrates?

ANS: (Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization TOP: Carbohydrates	REF: pp. 29-30	OBJ: 7