1) The smallest living unit is
A) an organ. B) a molecule. C) a cell. D) a human being.
1)
2) Which branch of anatomy studies the structural changes that occur as one ages?
A) regional anatomy B) surface anatomy
C) pathological anatomy D) developmental anatomy
2)
3) Morphology is
A) an imaging technology
B) a measuring technique
C) the study of disease
D) a type of microscopy
E) the study of form
3)
4) How many centimeters are there in a meter?
A) 1,000,000 B) 10 C) 1,000 D) 100
4)
5) A histologist examines a specimen that has an epithelium overlying some smooth muscle. This specimen is part of
A) a cell. B) a molecule. C) an organ. D) a tissue.
5)
6) An example of a tissue in the body is
A) a muscle cell. B) a macromolecule.
C) epithelium. D) the stomach.
6)
7) An example of an organ is
A) a fat cell.
B) epithelium.
C) the cardiovascular system (but not the circulatory system).
D) the intestine.
7)
8) Which organ system consists of vessels that do not carry blood, but pick up fluids (and some cells) that are leaked from the blood?
A) integumentary B) endocrine C) urinary D) lymphatic
8)
9) Large molecules such as proteins are called
A) multi-atom units. B) cellular organelles.
C) macromolecules. D) cells.
9)
10) Which organ system covers the external surface of the body, but not the internal surface of the mouth?
A) lymphatic B) integumentary C) digestive D) cutaneous
10)
11) Which organ system includes the spinal cord?
A) muscular B) integumentary C) nervous D) skeletal
11)
12) The elimination of nitrogenous wastes from body fluids is regulated by the system.
A) urinary B) integumentary C) endocrine D) lymphatic
12)
13) The dimensions of cells and organelles would best be described using which units of measurement?
A) µm B) cm C) m D) ml E) mg
13)
14) Which organ system includes the pancreas, thymus, testes, and pituitary gland?
A) reproductive B) lymphatic C) integumentary D) endocrine
14)
15) The roots of anatomical terminology lie mainly in
A) Latin and Greek. B) Russian and Old English.
C) German and French. D) Esperanto.
15)
16) Hormones are regulatory proteins that are secreted by the system.
A) urinary B) integumentary C) endocrine D) lymphatic
16)
17) Which organ system keeps blood constantly supplied with oxygen, removes carbon dioxide, and contains many air tubes?
A) urinary B) respiratory C) endocrine D) circulatory
17)
18) The cavity contains the heart and lungs.
A) abdominopelvic B) dorsal
C) lateral D) thoracic
18)
19) A coronal section through the human body can
A) lie in a horizontal plane.
B) provide mirror right and left images.
C) pass through both the nose and the occipital region.
D) pass through both ears.
19)
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
20) Which letter indicates the mental region? | | |
20) |
|
A) A B) B C) C | D) D | E) E | | |
21) Which letter indicates the umbilical region?
A) A B) B C) C |
D) D |
E) E | 21) | |
22) Which letter indicates the hallux?
A) A B) B C) C |
D) D |
E) E | 22) | |
23) Which letter indicates the inguinal region?
A) A B) B C) C |
D) D |
E) E | 23) | |
24) Which letter indicates the femoral region?
A) A B) B C) C |
D) D |
E) E | 24) | |
25) Which structures are evidence of the vertebrate characteristic of segmentation?
A) subdivisions of the gastrointestinal tract B) vertebral column
C) branches of the blood vessels D) multiple joints of fingers
25)
26) Which statement about visceral serosa is false?
A) It is continuous with the membrane that covers the outer body wall.
B) It clings to the surface of organs.
C) It is deep to the parietal serosa.
D) It lines the internal surface of hollow organs.
26)
27) The buccal region is the
A) calf of the leg. B) waist.
C) underside of the foot. D) cheeks. | 27) | |
28) The popliteal region is
A) the posterior surface of the knee. B) the inferior part of the gluteal region.
C) the side of the leg. D) in the cervical region. | 28) | |
29) The coxal region is
A) the hip. B) the skin over the "tailbone."
C) the posterior surface of the wrist. D) the same as the inguinal region. | 29) | |
30) Which structure is located entirely within the right upper quadrant?
A) appendix B) gallbladder C) stomach D) spleen | 30) | |
31) Which organ is not found in the ventral body cavity?
A) liver B) heart C) urinary bladder D) spinal cord | 31) | |
32) The ankle lies to the thigh.
A) proximal B) lateral C) distal D) inferior | 32) | |
33) The axillary artery is found in the region of the
A) long axis of any limb. B) posterior surface of the knee.
C) vertebral column. D) armpit. | 33) | |
34) The extremities are the same as
A) the fingers and toes. B) the limbs.
C) all structures in the head. D) the ears. | 34) | |
35) Which of the following pairs of organs/structures is located ipsilateral? | 35) | |
A) cecum : sigmoid colon B) mouth : navel
C) descending colon : spleen D) right lung : left lung
36) A physician viewing an injury to the back would look at the patient's side.
A) ventral B) cranial C) posterior D) lateral
36)
37) The body cavity contains the brain.
A) lateral B) serous C) dorsal D) ventral
37)
38) As an anatomical region, lumbar refers to
A) the breast. B) part of the lower limb.
C) the wrist. D) the infero-medial aspect of the back.
38)
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
39) Which letter indicates the lumbar region? | | |
39) |
|
A) A B) B C) C | D) D | E) E | | |
40) Which letter indicates the acromial region?
A) A B) B C) C |
D) D |
E) E | 40) | |
41) Which letter indicates the scapular region?
A) A B) B C) C |
D) D |
E) E | 41) | |
42) Which letter indicates the popliteal region?
A) A B) B C) C |
D) D |
E) E | 42) | |
43) Which letter indicates the occipital region?
A) A B) B C) C |
D) D |
E) E | 43) | |
44) The chest is
to the abdomen.
44)
A) lateral B) deep C) proximal D) superior E) anterior
45) The sternal region is
to the scapular region.
45)
A) deep B) lateral C) superior D) proximal E) anterior
46) Which of these terms refers to the head?
A) frontal B) sacral C) medial D) cranial E) caudal
46)
47) The brain is to the skull.
A) superior B) lateral C) anterior D) proximal E) deep
47)
48) The thumb is to the index finger.
A) superior B) lateral C) anterior D) proximal E) deep
48)
49) Muscles are
to the skin.
49)
A) superior B) lateral C) anterior D) proximal E) deep
50) The axillary region is
to the sternum.
50)
A) superior B) lateral C) anterior D) proximal E) deep
51) The lip is to the chin.
A) superior B) lateral C) anterior D) proximal E) deep
51)
52) The eye is to the occipital region.
A) superior B) lateral C) anterior D) proximal E) deep
52)
53) The gluteal region is to the popliteal region.
A) superior B) lateral C) anterior D) proximal E) deep
53)
54) The femoral region is to the plantar region.
A) deep B) anterior C) superficial D) lateral E) proximal
54)
55) The heart is to the sternum.
A) anterior B) proximal C) superior D) deep E) lateral
55)
56) The pubic area is to the gluteal region.
A) proximal B) superior C) anterior D) lateral E) deep
56)
57) The perineal region is the
A) point of the shoulder.
B) side of the leg.
C) region between the external genitals and the anus.
D) superior part of the gluteal region.
57)
58) Which structure is not present in the mediastinum?
A) trachea B) esophagus C) lung D) heart
58)
59) A frontal plane is the same as a plane.
A) midsagittal B) sagittal C) transverse D) coronal
59)
60) Another name for the midsagittal plane is
A) median. B) parasagittal. C) coronal. D) oblique.
60)
61) The umbilical region is to the lumbar region.
A) superior B) deep C) lateral D) anterior E) proximal
61)
62) The cervical region is the
A) head. B) thigh. C) calf. D) neck.
62)
63) What is the function of serous membranes?
A) They halt the spread of infection.
B) They contain gland cells that secrete mucus.
C) They act like wrapping paper to hold visceral organs together.
D) They reduce friction so that viscera move freely.
63)
64) The dorsal hollow nerve cord
A) develops into the brain and spinal cord. B) is the same as the human backbone.
C) is a primitive supporting rod. D) contains the notochord.
64)
65) Which statement concerning the anatomical position is false?
A) The toes point anteriorly, but the fingers point inferiorly.
B) The person is lying down, as straight as possible.
C) The knees, elbow, and neck are straight (not bent).
D) The palms face anteriorly.
65)
66) Bilateral symmetry can apply to objects as well as to animal bodies. Which of the following capital letters of the alphabet is not bilaterally symmetrical?
A) L B) A C) O D) M
66)
67) Which structure is not covered by visceral serosa?
A) uterus B) lungs C) ribs D) stomach
67)
68) The femoral region is the
A) hip. B) buttocks. C) toes. D) thigh.
68)
69) The inguinal region lies
A) on the anterior neck. B) anterior to the elbow joint.
C) where the thigh joins the trunk. D) on the external genitals.
69)
70) What point or structure in the body is located farthest laterally? (Hint: Questions always refer to the body in the anatomical position.)
A) tip of thumb B) ear
C) the coxal region D) little toe
70)
71) Although transmission electron microscopy is usually used for high-magnification viewing, it is certainly possible to use it at low magnification as well. That is, one can produce similar micrographs of tissues taken by light microscopy and electron microscopy at the same magnification. Even at the same magnification, however, you can easily tell the two kinds of micrographs apart. How?
A) Tissue for light microscopy cannot be fixed (no fixation).
B) Tissue for electron microscopy cannot be sectioned.
C) The image in the electron micrograph is still sharper.
D) Tissue viewed by electron microscopy is colored, whereas light micrographs are always black and white (and shades of gray).
71)
72) During the process of , noncellular artifacts can be introduced into histology samples.
A) photography B) time C) observation D) staining
72)
73) The main purpose of fixation is
A) to mend breaks in tissue sections. B) to preserve the tissue.
C) to make an organ easier to section. D) to stick tissue sections to a glass slide.
73)
74) The "CT" in "CT scanning" stands for
A) Charles Thorgaard, the inventor's name. B) cut transversely.
C) correlated thickness. D) computed tomography.
74)
75) What is the main advantage of MRI as a medical imaging technique?
A) It shows soft tissues very clearly.
B) It is safe.
C) The patient feels less pain during the procedure than with any other imaging technique.
D) It is very inexpensive.
75)
TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false.
76) Pathological anatomy deals with structural changes caused by disease. 76)
77) Most adults are between 1.5 and 2 meters tall. 77)
78) All vertebrate embryos have a dorsal hollow nerve cord. 78)
79) Serous cavities include the pleural cavity. 79)
80) Serous cavities contain air. 80)
81) A transverse plane could cut the head off the body! 81)
82) In anatomical position, the palms of the hands face medially toward the thighs. 82)
83) The mediastinum contains the trachea and lungs. 83)
84) The peritoneal cavity is a serous cavity. 84)
85) EM has much greater resolution than LM. 85)
86) A CT scan produces an image of a transverse section of the body. 86)
87) MRI techniques can show only images that are hard and deflect the X-rays. 87)
88) Ultrasound techniques are used to image a fetus because they are less damaging than other techniques.
88)
89) Angiography imaging is used primarily in the study of blood supply to the heart wall and brain. 89)
90) A CT scan is used to detect regions of high metabolic activity. 90)
SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
91) Describe the terms proximal and distal. 91)
92) Describe the location of the femoral region in relation to the crural region. 92)
93) Describe the location of the brachial region in relation to the pollex. 93)
94) In humans, what term is synonymous with posterior? 94)
95) Clinicians refer to anatomy when locating blood vessels to draw blood, feeling pulses, and avoiding nerves while giving injections.
95)
96) In humans, the region between the anus and the external genitals is the region. | 96) |
97) The olecranal region is posterior to what region? | 97) |
98) The head, neck, and trunk comprise the region. | 98) |
99) What is the anatomical term for the thumb? | 99) |
100) One could say that the forearm is to the brachial region. | 100) |
101) Cutting the body along the median plane produces a(n) section | 101) |
102) One could describe the scalp as being to the skull. | 102) |
103) A(n) plane separates the body into equal left and right halves. | 103) |
104) Which type of imaging technology uses radioactive isotopes to detect regions of high | 104) |
metabolic activity?
105) The system is involved in immunity. 105)
ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper.
106) Identify each of the systems that are found in the arm.
107) Which of the organ systems found in the arm are not found in the leg?
108) List the six unique features found in all vertebrates at some stage of their life.
109) In adult humans, what remnants of segmentation remain?
110) Select from the following techniques the best method for assessing brain function in a stroke patient: X -ray imaging, sonography, MRI. Explain why the other choices are not the best choice.
Answer Key
Testname: UNTITLED1
1) C
2) D
3) E
4) D
5) C
6) C
7) D
8) D
9) C
10) B
11) C
12) A
13) A
14) D
15) A
16) C
17) B
18) D
19) D
20) A
21) B
22) E
23) C
24) D
25) B
26) D
27) D
28) A
29) A
30) B
31) D
32) C
33) D
34) B
35) C
36) C
37) C
38) D
39) D
40) B
41) C
42) E
43) A
44) D
45) E
46) D
47) E
48) B
49) E
50) B
Answer Key
Testname: UNTITLED1
51) A
52) C
53) A
54) E
55) D
56) C
57) C
58) C
59) D
60) A
61) D
62) D
63) D
64) A
65) B
66) A
67) C
68) D
69) C
70) A
71) C
72) D
73) B
74) D
75) A
76) TRUE
77) TRUE
78) TRUE
79) TRUE
80) FALSE
81) TRUE
82) FALSE
83) FALSE
84) TRUE
85) TRUE
86) TRUE
87) FALSE
88) TRUE
89) TRUE
90) FALSE
91) Proximal means closer to the point of attachment to the main part of the body; distal is farther from the point of attachment.
92) The femoral region is proximal to the crural region.
93) The brachial region is proximal to the pollex.
94) dorsal
95) surface
96) perineal
97) antecubital
98) axial
99) pollex
Answer Key
Testname: UNTITLED1
100) distal
101) midsagittal
102) superficial
103) midsagittal (or median)
104) PET scan
105) lymphatic
106) The arm contains elements of the skeletal, nervous, cardiovascular, muscular, lymphatic, and integumentary systems.
107) None
108) Tube-within-a-tube body plan, bilateral symmetry, dorsal hollow nerve cord, notochord and vertebrae, segmentation, and pharyngeal pouches.
109) The ribs and the vertebrae, with their segmental spinal nerves, are remnants of segmentation.
110) MRI is the best method of assessing brain function. X-raysdo not image soft tissues well or with high resolution. They also produce only two-dimensional images of a structure. Sonography cannot be used to study the brain because sound waves cannot pass through the skull.
