1. DAP stands for ______.
a. directly able procedure
b. developmentally able practice
c. developmentally appropriate practice
d. developmentally appropriate procedure
Ans: C
KEY: Learning Objective: 1.1: Explain the importance of developmentally appropriate practice (DAP) and early childhood standards for teachers.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Developmentally Appropriate Practice (DAP) and Early Childhood Standards
Difficulty Level: Easy
2. DAP was developed collaboratively by the ______ with input from many professionals.
a. Children’s Defense Fund
b. Early Child Care Research Network
c. Early Childhood Professional Preparation Programs
d. National Association for the Education of Young Children
Ans: D
KEY: Learning Objective: 1.1: Explain the importance of developmentally appropriate practice (DAP) and early childhood standards for teachers.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Developmentally Appropriate Practice (DAP) and Early Childhood Standards
Difficulty Level: Easy
3. NAEYC’s decisions about what is good for children are influenced by ______.
a. legislation passed by the U.S. Congress
b. an understanding of the social contexts in which children are raised
c. the biases of school administrators
d. surveys sponsored by local educational groups
Ans: B
KEY: Learning Objective: 1.1: Explain the importance of developmentally appropriate practice (DAP) and early childhood standards for teachers.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Developmentally Appropriate Practice (DAP) and Early Childhood Standards
Difficulty Level: Medium
4. NAEYC ______ are criteria that should be met by early childhood education academic preparation programs and the individuals who graduate from these programs.
a. ethics
b. standards
c. laws
d. regulations
Ans: B
KEY: Learning Objective: 1.1: Explain the importance of developmentally appropriate practice (DAP) and early childhood standards for teachers.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Developmentally Appropriate Practice (DAP) and Early Childhood Standards
Difficulty Level: Easy
5. Which of the following is necessary to make decisions that are good for children?
a. a desire to help children conform to the dominant culture
b. adherence to a universal set of values and norms
c. the ability to challenge children to reach beyond their current state
d. an understanding of each individual child in a group
Ans: D
KEY: Learning Objective: 1.1: Explain the importance of developmentally appropriate practice (DAP) and early childhood standards for teachers.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Developmentally Appropriate Practice (DAP) and Early Childhood Standards
Difficulty Level: Medium
6. Which of the following is an accurate statement about DAP?
a. It involves matching teaching practices with knowledge about young children’s development.
b. It promotes home-based settings for child care.
c. It emphasizes the importance of the extended family over the nuclear family in child development.
d. It focuses on providing a safe environment for latch-key children.
Ans: A
KEY: Learning Objective: 1.1: Explain the importance of developmentally appropriate practice (DAP) and early childhood standards for teachers.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Developmentally Appropriate Practice (DAP) and Early Childhood Standards
Difficulty Level: Medium
7. Which example most likely shows the influence of the NAEYC?
a. A child care program holds itself accountable to an established set of standards.
b. A child graduates from a child care program with few social skills.
c. Many teachers at a child care program disagree with DAP.
d. A home-school teacher bases her curriculum on how her parents raised her.
Ans: A
KEY: Learning Objective: 1.1: Explain the importance of developmentally appropriate practice (DAP) and early childhood standards for teachers.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Developmentally Appropriate Practice (DAP) and Early Childhood Standards
Difficulty Level: Hard
8. Which example most likely shows the influence of DAP?
a. The head of a child care program rarely reads current child education periodicals.
b. A child care program hires an assistant who is just learning about child education.
c. A child care program matches its curriculum with the latest research about child development.
d. Parents feel that an emphasis on child advocacy is unnecessary.
Ans: C
KEY: Learning Objective: 1.1: Explain the importance of developmentally appropriate practice (DAP) and early childhood standards for teachers.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Developmentally Appropriate Practice (DAP) and Early Childhood Standards
Difficulty Level: Hard
9. Which example shows the influence of NAEYC on DAP?
a. DAP covers infant and toddler development more than preschooler development.
b. DAP is committed to giving a strong voice to children.
c. DAP covers preschoolers’ development more than that of primary children.
d. DAP is committed to giving a strong voice to teacher rights.
Ans: B
KEY: Learning Objective: 1.1: Explain the importance of developmentally appropriate practice (DAP) and early childhood standards for teachers.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Developmentally Appropriate Practice (DAP) and Early Childhood Standards
Difficulty Level: Hard
10. In recent years, the media has focused mainly on which of the following aspects of education for young children?
a. the shift from center-based settings to home-based settings
b. changes in families that have reduced the need for employer-supported programs
c. the movement from a separated curriculum to an integrated curriculum
d. changes in families that have increased the need for child care outside the home
Ans: D
KEY: Learning Objective: 1.2: Discuss the societal factors that have contributed to the dramatic increase in programs for young children over the past few decades.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: The Growth of Early Childhood Education
Difficulty Level: Medium
11. The increase in dual-income families is a key factor in the ______.
a. growth in structural quality measurements of child care
b. rising need for child care outside the home
c. decline in structural quality measurements of child care
d. increased need to include diverse populations
Ans: B
KEY: Learning Objective: 1.2: Discuss the societal factors that have contributed to the dramatic increase in programs for young children over the past few decades.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: The Growth of Early Childhood Education
Difficulty Level: Medium
12. Which of the following has contributed to the increased need for child care outside the home?
a. an increase in single-parent families
b. the reduced mobility of families
c. an increase in the impact of the extended family
d. a decrease in the cost of living
Ans: A
KEY: Learning Objective: 1.2: Discuss the societal factors that have contributed to the dramatic increase in programs for young children over the past few decades.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: The Growth of Early Childhood Education
Difficulty Level: Medium
13. Which example most accurately reflects a current trend in employment?
a. In 1970, 20 out of 60 employees at Trask, Inc were women; in 2018, 8 out of 65 employees were women.
b. In 1970, 15 out of 50 employees at Jamison, Inc were women; in 2018, 14 out of 50 employees were women.
c. In 1970, 5 out of 100 employees at DGK, Inc were women; in 2018, 50 out of 120 employees were women.
d. In 1970, 25 out of 200 employees at GoGetter, Inc were women; in 2018, 29 out of 210 employees were women.
Ans: C
KEY: Learning Objective: 1.2: Discuss the societal factors that have contributed to the dramatic increase in programs for young children over the past few decades.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Changes in Family Life
Difficulty Level: Hard
14. Over the past decade, which of the following trends has happened?
a. Single mothers have become less common.
b. A decreasing number of children are living with two parents.
c. An increasing number of children have been born outside of marriage.
d. Divorced fathers with joint custody of their children have become less common.
Ans: C
KEY: Learning Objective: 1.2: Discuss the societal factors that have contributed to the dramatic increase in programs for young children over the past few decades.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Changes in Family Life
Difficulty Level: Medium
15. Which example reflects current nationwide trends concerning families?
a. In a city, the number of single-parent families caused by divorce has increased.
b. In a rural county, the number of children living with two parents has decreased by 15 percent.
c. In an urban county, there are more single-parent families headed by a father than a mother.
d. In a small town, the number of single mothers has increased 20 percent in 10 years.
Ans: D
KEY: Learning Objective: 1.2: Discuss the societal factors that have contributed to the dramatic increase in programs for young children over the past few decades.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Changes in Family Life
Difficulty Level: Hard
16. Over the past decade, ______ percent of single women who have one or more children were never married.
a. 10
b. 25
c. 50
d. 75
Ans: C
KEY: Learning Objective: 1.2: Discuss the societal factors that have contributed to the dramatic increase in programs for young children over the past few decades.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Changes in Family Life
Difficulty Level: Easy
17. Which of the following are key characteristics of most single-parent families?
a. headed by father; parent works; more likely to be wealthy than two-parent families
b. headed by mother; parent works; more likely to be poor than two-parent families
c. headed by mother; parent unemployed; more likely to be poor than two-parent families
d. headed by father; parent unemployed; more likely to be poor than two-parent families
Ans: B
KEY: Learning Objective: 1.2: Discuss the societal factors that have contributed to the dramatic increase in programs for young children over the past few decades.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Changes in Family Life
Difficulty Level: Hard
18. Which of the following is an accurate comparison between current families and families during World War II?
a. In current families, more mothers stay at home than in the past.
b. More current families have two parents working than in the past.
c. Current families are less likely to divorce than in the past.
d. Fewer current families consist of single mothers and children than in the past.
Ans: B
KEY: Learning Objective: 1.2: Discuss the societal factors that have contributed to the dramatic increase in programs for young children over the past few decades.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Changes in Family Life
Difficulty Level: Medium
19. Which of the following would be a member of a child’s extended family?
a. mother
b. father
c. sibling
d. grandparent
Ans: D
KEY: Learning Objective: 1.2: Discuss the societal factors that have contributed to the dramatic increase in programs for young children over the past few decades.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Changes in Family Life
Difficulty Level: Medium
20. Which of the following contributed to the declining influence of the extended family?
a. the decrease in divorce rates
b. the decreased mobility of the nuclear family
c. the increase in divorce rates
d. the increased mobility of the nuclear family
Ans: D
KEY: Learning Objective: 1.2: Discuss the societal factors that have contributed to the dramatic increase in programs for young children over the past few decades.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Changes in Family Life
Difficulty Level: Easy
21. Which example demonstrates an important reason why the influence of the extended family has decreased?
a. The Kowalskis stayed in the same house while the parents changed jobs four times in five years.
b. The Tanaka family lived in their house for 25 years.
c. The Rodriguez family moved to a new house 10 miles from their old house.
d. The Jones family moved to three different cities in five years because of job relocation.
Ans: D
KEY: Learning Objective: 1.2: Discuss the societal factors that have contributed to the dramatic increase in programs for young children over the past few decades.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Changes in Family Life
Difficulty Level: Hard
22. Which of the following is a common way that good early childhood programs make a difference?
a. increased debt for single-parent families
b. decreased academic performance for children
c. decreased chance of delinquency by the children
d. increased attachment to the extended family for children
Ans: C
KEY: Learning Objective: 1.2: Discuss the societal factors that have contributed to the dramatic increase in programs for young children over the past few decades.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Benefits of Early Childhood Education
Difficulty Level: Medium
23. According to Dr. T. Berry Brazelton, which segment of society is subject to more deprivations than any other segment?
a. children
b. teenagers
c. middle-aged people
d. elderly people
Ans: A
KEY: Learning Objective: 1.2: Discuss the societal factors that have contributed to the dramatic increase in programs for young children over the past few decades.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Child Advocacy
Difficulty Level: Easy
24. The purpose of enrichment in early childhood education is especially evident in programs for ______.
a. infants and toddlers
b. part-time preschools
c. part-time kindergarten
d. full-time kindergarten
Ans: B
KEY: Learning Objective: 1.3: Describe the purposes and settings of early childhood programs, and categorize the age groups of children in these programs.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Purpose of Programs
Difficulty Level: Easy
25. What is the underlying principle concerning enrichment in early childhood education?
a. Children benefit from being exposed to accelerated curriculum.
b. Children benefit from experiences they may not receive at home.
c. Children need to have a nurturing environment if it is not provided at home.
d. Children need to be given didactic activities with high teacher control.
Ans: B
KEY: Learning Objective: 1.3: Describe the purposes and settings of early childhood programs, and categorize the age groups of children in these programs.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Purpose of Programs
Difficulty Level: Medium
26. According to experts, which is the least enriching activity for children in early childhood education?
a. learning concepts from specially trained teachers
b. playing with children the same age
c. taking part in group activities
d. performing accelerated, academic activities
Ans: D
KEY: Learning Objective: 1.3: Describe the purposes and settings of early childhood programs, and categorize the age groups of children in these programs.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Purpose of Programs
Difficulty Level: Medium
27. Which example is likely to be the most enriching for children in early childhood education?
a. Four-year-old Mark plays with other children who are four years old.
b. Four-year-old Meryl memorizes the capitals of the states.
c. Five-year-old Juan learns his multiplication tables.
d. Three-year-old Lucy memorizes her ABCs.
Ans: A
KEY: Learning Objective: 1.3: Describe the purposes and settings of early childhood programs, and categorize the age groups of children in these programs.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Purpose of Programs
Difficulty Level: Hard
28. Which of the following is an accurate statement concerning early childhood education?
a. Most programs focus on one purpose, such as compensation.
b. Many programs combine purposes, such as enrichment and compensation.
c. Most programs emphasize compensation more than safety.
d. Many programs ignore providing enrichment.
Ans: B
KEY: Learning Objective: 1.3: Describe the purposes and settings of early childhood programs, and categorize the age groups of children in these programs.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Purpose of Programs
Difficulty Level: Medium
29. ______ programs try to make up for a lack in children’s backgrounds.
a. Compensation
b. Enrichment
c. Safe-place
d. Socialization
Ans: A
KEY: Learning Objective: 1.3: Describe the purposes and settings of early childhood programs, and categorize the age groups of children in these programs.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Purpose of Programs
Difficulty Level: Easy
30. Which of the following would benefit the most from a compensation program?
a. The Fairchild family worries about leaving their child with a babysitter because of the high-crime rate.
b. Four-year-old Norma often plays alone because of a lack of playmates in her neighborhood.
c. The Johnson family cannot afford to give their children dental care.
d. Four-year-old Arnold wishes he could take part in group activities when his parents are at work.
Ans: C
KEY: Learning Objective: 1.3: Describe the purposes and settings of early childhood programs, and categorize the age groups of children in these programs.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Purpose of Programs
Difficulty Level: Hard
31. Four-year-old Marietta wishes she had more friends who are her age. Judging from this information, Marietta would benefit the most from a program that provides ______.
a. a nurturing environment
b. a safe place
c. compensation
d. enrichment
Ans: D
KEY: Learning Objective: 1.3: Describe the purposes and settings of early childhood programs, and categorize the age groups of children in these programs.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Purpose of Programs
Difficulty Level: Medium
32. Which of the following people would be the most typical provider of a family child care home?
a. John has no children.
b. Sofia has no children.
c. Alonso is the father of two children, ages four and five.
d. Ha-yoon is the mother of three children, ages three to six.
Ans: D
KEY: Learning Objective: 1.3: Describe the purposes and settings of early childhood programs, and categorize the age groups of children in these programs.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Program Settings
Difficulty Level: Medium
33. According to studies, which of the following would most likely have the lowest quality of child care?
a. an unlicensed family child care home
b. a licensed family child care home
c. a center-based program
d. relatives taking care of children
Ans: A
KEY: Learning Objective: 1.3: Describe the purposes and settings of early childhood programs, and categorize the age groups of children in these programs.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Program Settings
Difficulty Level: Medium
34. Which example best represents recent trends in child care in the United States?
a. The Seedling Child Care Home expands services to include primary children.
b. The Oak Tree Child Care Center eliminates its services for infants and toddlers.
c. The Acorn Child Care Home eliminates after-school programs for kindergarten children.
d. The Sunshine Child Care Center opens a new branch for infants and toddlers.
Ans: D
KEY: Learning Objective: 1.3: Describe the purposes and settings of early childhood programs, and categorize the age groups of children in these programs.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Infants and Toddlers
Difficulty Level: Hard
35. Who is an example of a latch-key child?
a. After school, Donna’s mother drives her to a child care center, and then the mother goes to work.
b. After school, Kaito returns to an empty home and waits two hours before his parents arrive.
c. After school, Bandile returns to his home, where his grandmother makes him a snack.
d. After school, Darya takes a school bus to a family child care home in her neighborhood.
Ans: B
KEY: Learning Objective: 1.3: Describe the purposes and settings of early childhood programs, and categorize the age groups of children in these programs.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Before- and After-School Care
Difficulty Level: Hard
36. A church sponsors the Little Heaven Child Care Center. Considering this, the center is most likely ______.
a. not-for-profit
b. for-profit
c. publicly supported
d. employer-supported
Ans: A
KEY: Learning Objective: 1.3: Describe the purposes and settings of early childhood programs, and categorize the age groups of children in these programs.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Not-For-Profit Programs
Difficulty Level: Medium
37. How do employer-supported child care programs help the employer?
a. They encourage investors to give donations to businesses.
b. They provide businesses with significant tax breaks.
c. They tend to improve the work performances of employees whose children are being cared for.
d. They increase the turnover of employees whose children are being cared for.
Ans: C
KEY: Learning Objective: 1.3: Describe the purposes and settings of early childhood programs, and categorize the age groups of children in these programs.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Employer-Supported Programs
Difficulty Level: Medium
38. Four-year-old Stacey attends a high-quality child care program that has a high percentage of professional educators. Considering this, Stacy most likely attends which of the following?
a. a not-for-profit program
b. a military-supported program
c. a university-affiliated program
d. an employer-supported program
Ans: C
KEY: Learning Objective: 1.3: Describe the purposes and settings of early childhood programs, and categorize the age groups of children in these programs.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: University- and College-Affiliated Programs
Difficulty Level: Medium
39. Which of the following is a main goal of Head Start?
a. to make significant profits
b. to teach foreign-born children American culture
c. to provide superior child care to the wealthy
d. to break the cycle of poverty
Ans: D
KEY: Learning Objective: 1.3: Describe the purposes and settings of early childhood programs, and categorize the age groups of children in these programs.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Head Start
Difficulty Level: Medium
40. Which of the following is most likely an example of a state-funded child care program?
a. Lily is part of a research study at her program.
b. Aiden attends a program located where his mother works.
c. Because Emma is at risk for academic failure, she is allowed to enter a program.
d. Because of Connor shows high aptitude, he is allowed to enter a program.
Ans: C
KEY: Learning Objective: 1.3: Describe the purposes and settings of early childhood programs, and categorize the age groups of children in these programs.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: State and Public School Involvement
Difficulty Level: Hard
41. Which of the following statements most accurately describes quality in child care?
a. It is a complex interaction of various elements.
b. It is based on the effectiveness of teaching cognitive and language skills.
c. It is based mainly on the effectiveness of teaching cognitive skills.
d. It depends on the type of theory used as the basis for analysis.
Ans: A
KEY: Learning Objective: 1.4: Identify the factors that must intersect to provide and sustain a good quality early childhood program.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Defining Quality in Early Childhood Programs
Difficulty Level: Medium
42. ______ quality includes characteristics such as adult-to-child ratio, group size, and teachers’ education.
a. Integrated
b. Conceptual
c. Process
d. Structural
Ans: D
KEY: Learning Objective: 1.4: Identify the factors that must intersect to provide and sustain a good quality early childhood program.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: How Do We Measure Quality?
Difficulty Level: Easy
43. Which example shows adult-child ratio?
a. Jeremy is in a class with 40 students and two teachers.
b. Lara has 10 classmates on her team.
c. Ernesto has a teacher who graduated from Harvard.
d. Raquel has three teachers for her class.
Ans: A
KEY: Learning Objective: 1.4: Identify the factors that must intersect to provide and sustain a good quality early childhood program.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Child-Adult Ratio
Difficulty Level: Hard
44. According to NAEYC, which age group should have the lowest adult-child ratio?
a. infants
b. toddlers
c. three-year-olds
d. four- and five-year-olds
Ans: A
KEY: Learning Objective: 1.4: Identify the factors that must intersect to provide and sustain a good quality early childhood program.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Child-Adult Ratio
Difficulty Level: Easy
45. Which group would most likely have children who are highly cooperative, innovative, and verbal?
a. a group of 40 children
b. a group of 25 children
c. a group of 15 children
d. a group of 7 children
Ans: D
KEY: Learning Objective: 1.4: Identify the factors that must intersect to provide and sustain a good quality early childhood program.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Group Size
Difficulty Level: Medium
46. Jasmine has extensive training in dealing with autistic children. Considering this, Jasmine is likely to be ______ towards children than teachers without much training.
a. less engaging
b. less interactive
c. more positive
d. more punitive
Ans: C
KEY: Learning Objective: 1.4: Identify the factors that must intersect to provide and sustain a good quality early childhood program.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Staff Qualifications
Difficulty Level: Medium
47. Which of the following is a process quality element?
a. child-adult ratio
b. group size
c. staff qualifications
d. intentional teaching
Ans: D
KEY: Learning Objective: 1.4: Identify the factors that must intersect to provide and sustain a good quality early childhood program.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Process Quality Elements
Difficulty Level: Medium
48. Which example best shows a process quality element?
a. Mathias teaches three-year-olds more effectively with an adult student ratio of 1 to 5.
b. Katlin is in charge of a group of 10 four-year-olds.
c. Onni has a degree in special education from Northwestern University.
d. Birta is extremely responsive to the needs of her students.
Ans: D
KEY: Learning Objective: 1.4: Identify the factors that must intersect to provide and sustain a good quality early childhood program.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Process Quality Elements
Difficulty Level: Hard
49. Which of the following is an accurate statement about CLASS?
a. It examines aspects of teaching tied to structural quality.
b. It measures the quality of interaction between teacher and students.
c. It determines the best adult-student ratio for various age groups.
d. It is one of several observational teacher-assessment tools that links teacher behavior and student gains.
Ans: B
KEY: Learning Objective: 1.4: Identify the factors that must intersect to provide and sustain a good quality early childhood program.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Process Quality Elements
Difficulty Level: Medium
50. Which example shows social and emotional support?
a. Realizing that a child is shy, Valentina provides encouragement for her.
b. Ximena establishes a rule that students may not talk when she is providing instructions.
c. Diego makes sure all his students have the materials needed to complete their activities.
d. After a child provides an answer, Santiago often paraphrases it using an expanded vocabulary.
Ans: A
KEY: Learning Objective: 1.4: Identify the factors that must intersect to provide and sustain a good quality early childhood program.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Social and Emotional Support
Difficulty Level: Hard
51. Which of the following will most likely happen in the future?
a. More and more families will have only one parent working.
b. The rate of child poverty will continue to drop.
c. Jobs in early childhood education will continue to increase.
d. The need for elementary teachers will decline.
Ans: C
KEY: Learning Objective: 1.5: Discuss the key issues related to early childhood education that may emerge in the future.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: The Future of Early Childhood Education
Difficulty Level: Medium
52. Considering current trends, why will the need for bilingual teachers most likely increase?
a. The number of children from families whose first language is not English will increase.
b. The number of teaching jobs overseas will increase.
c. The number of student exchange programs with Latin American countries will increase.
d. The number of families with parents of mixed backgrounds with increase.
Ans: A
KEY: Learning Objective: 1.5: Discuss the key issues related to early childhood education that may emerge in the future.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: The Future of Early Childhood Education
Difficulty Level: Medium
53. Considering current trends, which example will most likely happen in employer-supported early child care?
a. At Geldin, Ltd., the number of vouchers for early child care decreases.
b. At GTR, Inc, the child care program is eliminated.
c. At Kavin Industries, the child care program expands.
d. At Rosco, Inc. the number of teacher of early childhood education remains constant.
Ans: C
KEY: Learning Objective: 1.5: Discuss the key issues related to early childhood education that may emerge in the future.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: The Future of Early Childhood Education
Difficulty Level: Medium
54. Which is currently under the greatest pressure to demonstrate that it is making a difference in children’s development?
a. college-affiliated child care
b. employer-supported child care
c. for-profit child care
d. federally funded child care
Ans: D
KEY: Learning Objective: 1.5: Discuss the key issues related to early childhood education that may emerge in the future.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Future of Early Childhood Education
Difficulty Level: Easy
55. According to Helburn, which is the only system with the ability to provide funding for a cohesive system of child care through which all American children are covered?
a. universities
b. the federal government
c. church associations
d. businesses
Ans: B
KEY: Learning Objective: 1.5: Discuss the key issues related to early childhood education that may emerge in the future.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Future of Early Childhood Education
Difficulty Level: Easy
56. Which is the most pressing need for publicly funded programs for young children?
a. making employment opportunities in child care available to families
b. placing more programs in urban instead of rural areas
c. getting political and financial support for full-day care for children
d. expanding services to children under the age of three
Ans: C
KEY: Learning Objective: 1.5: Discuss the key issues related to early childhood education that may emerge in the future.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: The Future of Early Childhood Education
Difficulty Level: Medium
57. Which example shows the biggest problem with publicly funded child care programs?
a. Because Tina works full-time, she is having difficulty finding child care for her daughter that covers the entire work day.
b. Because Larry works in a rural town, he is having difficulty finding nearby child care for his son.
c. Because Trisha has a two-year-old son, she is having difficulty finding a child care center that will take him.
d. Because Charles needs extra income, he wants a part-time job at his son’s child care center but is not allowed to apply.
Ans: A
KEY: Learning Objective: 1.5: Discuss the key issues related to early childhood education that may emerge in the future.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: The Future of Early Childhood Education
Difficulty Level: Hard
58. Which example most closely represents one of the predicted trends for the future of early childhood education?
a. Chen attends a program that has no lessons for English-language learners.
b. Maurice attends a program that teaches subjects like math and English separately.
c. Mateo attends a program that takes into account his Mexican culture.
d. Stephen attends a program that emphasizes mostly cognitive skills.
Ans: C
KEY: Learning Objective: 1.5: Discuss the key issues related to early childhood education that may emerge in the future.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: The Future of Early Childhood Education
Difficulty Level: Hard
59. Which of the following shows a predicted difference between present-day child care programs and child care programs in the future?
a. Future programs will have fewer children living in poverty than current programs do.
b. In future programs, children from foreign countries will be urged to give up their home cultures more than they are now.
c. Future programs will have less staff turnover than current programs do.
d. Children with disabilities will be integrated more into future programs than in current programs.
Ans: D
KEY: Learning Objective: 1.5: Discuss the key issues related to early childhood education that may emerge in the future.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: The Future of Early Childhood Education
Difficulty Level: Hard
60. Which example represents a predicted future direction for child care programs?
a. Bob is in a class that focuses on a learning curriculum that teaches every subject separately.
b. Barbara is in a class that has a teacher with few academic qualifications.
c. Sean is in a class that teaches about the various religious backgrounds of the students.
d. Margaret is in a class where very few group activities take place.
Ans: C
KEY: Learning Objective: 1.5: Discuss the key issues related to early childhood education that may emerge in the future.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: The Future of Early Childhood Education
Difficulty Level: Hard
True/False
1. A core concept of the field of early childhood education is the importance of matching practice with what we know about the development of young children.
Ans: T
KEY: Learning Objective: 1.1: Explain the importance of developmentally appropriate practice (DAP) and early childhood standards for teachers.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Developmentally Appropriate Practice (DAP) and Early Childhood Standards
Difficulty Level: Easy
2. The major basis for DAP is its compelling and lasting commitment to a strong voice for teachers.
Ans: F
KEY: Learning Objective: 1.1: Explain the importance of developmentally appropriate practice (DAP) and early childhood standards for teachers.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Developmentally Appropriate Practice (DAP) and Early Childhood Standards
Difficulty Level: Easy
3. Fundamental changes in the economy and family life have had a profound effect on early childhood education.
Ans: T
KEY: Learning Objective: 1.2: Discuss the societal factors that have contributed to the dramatic increase in programs for young children over the past few decades.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Growth of Early Childhood Education
Difficulty Level: Easy
4. In recent years, the number of teenage parents has decreased, thereby reducing the need for child care outside the home.
Ans: F
KEY: Learning Objective: 1.2: Discuss the societal factors that have contributed to the dramatic increase in programs for young children over the past few decades.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Growth of Early Childhood Education
Difficulty Level: Easy
5. In recent decades, an increasing number of women are entering the workforce.
Ans: T
KEY: Learning Objective: 1.2: Discuss the societal factors that have contributed to the dramatic increase in programs for young children over the past few decades.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Changes in Family Life
Difficulty Level: Easy
6. Center-based care is most widely used for infants and toddlers.
Ans: F
KEY: Learning Objective: 1.2: Discuss the societal factors that have contributed to the dramatic increase in programs for young children over the past few decades.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Changes in Family Life
Difficulty Level: Easy
7. Although early intervention programs are costly, they have many long-term economic benefits.
Ans: T
KEY: Learning Objective: 1.2: Discuss the societal factors that have contributed to the dramatic increase in programs for young children over the past few decades.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Benefits of Early Childhood Education
Difficulty Level: Medium
8. In recent years, the number of children living in poverty has increased significantly partly because of the widening gap between the wealthy and the poor.
Ans: T
KEY: Learning Objective: 1.2: Discuss the societal factors that have contributed to the dramatic increase in programs for young children over the past few decades.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Child Advocacy
Difficulty Level: Medium
9. The primary goal of child care programs is to provide safe and nurturing care in a developmentally appropriate setting for children.
Ans: T
KEY: Learning Objective: 1.3: Describe the purposes and settings of early childhood programs, and categorize the age groups of children in these programs.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Purpose of Programs
Difficulty Level: Easy
10. Employer-supported programs are known for focusing on compensation.
Ans: F
KEY: Learning Objective: 1.3: Describe the purposes and settings of early childhood programs, and categorize the age groups of children in these programs.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Purpose of Programs
Difficulty Level: Medium
11. Less than half of young children are cared for in center-based programs.
Ans: F
KEY: Learning Objective: 1.3: Describe the purposes and settings of early childhood programs, and categorize the age groups of children in these programs.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Program Settings
Difficulty Level: Easy
12. Center-based programs have had the greatest increase among the types of early childhood programs offered in the United States.
Ans: T
KEY: Learning Objective: 1.3: Describe the purposes and settings of early childhood programs, and categorize the age groups of children in these programs.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Program Settings
Difficulty Level: Easy
13. Integrated curriculum acknowledges the importance of all aspects of human development rather than focusing primarily on the cognitive.
Ans: T
KEY: Learning Objective: 1.3: Describe the purposes and settings of early childhood programs, and categorize the age groups of children in these programs.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Kindergarten and Primary Children
Difficulty Level: Easy
14. Because the main focus of Head Start is to provide disadvantaged children with a good education, it pays little attention to the health care needs of the children in its programs.
Ans: F
KEY: Learning Objective: 1.3: Describe the purposes and settings of early childhood programs, and categorize the age groups of children in these programs.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Head Start
Difficulty Level: Medium
15. Process quality includes characteristics that could be viewed as more indirect.
Ans: F
KEY: Learning Objective: 1.4: Identify the factors that must intersect to provide and sustain a good quality early childhood program.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: How Do We Measure Quality?
Difficulty Level: Medium
16. Structural quality by itself is sufficient for ensuring a program has high quality.
Ans: F
KEY: Learning Objective: 1.4: Identify the factors that must intersect to provide and sustain a good quality early childhood program.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: How Do We Measure Quality?
Difficulty Level: Medium
17. Research showing the importance of process quality elements in early childhood education brought about the development of CLASS.
Ans: T
KEY: Learning Objective: 1.4: Identify the factors that must intersect to provide and sustain a good quality early childhood program..
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Process Quality Elements
Difficulty Level: Medium
18. Two-parent families will most likely continue to have both parents in the workforce and continue to need care for their young children.
Ans: T
KEY: Learning Objective: 1.5: Discuss the key issues related to early childhood education that may emerge in the future.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: The Future of Early Childhood Education
Difficulty Level: Medium
19. The rate of turnover for early childhood professionals will probably decrease in the next ten years.
Ans: F
KEY: Learning Objective: 1.5: Discuss the key issues related to early childhood education that may emerge in the future.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: The Future of Early Childhood Education
Difficulty Level: Medium
20. Because of increased public attention, there is a greater willingness to address with more depth the lack of a cohesive and consolidated social policy within which to consider child and family matters.
Ans: T
KEY: Learning Objective: 1.5: Discuss the key issues related to early childhood education that may emerge in the future.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Future of Early Childhood Education
Difficulty Level: Easy
Short Answer
1. Explain the purpose of NAEYC standards.
Ans: These standards describe what professional of early childhood are expected to know and do, defining essential learning outcomes in professional preparation programs and presenting a shared vision of excellence.
KEY: Learning Objective: 1.1: Explain the importance of developmentally appropriate practice (DAP) and early childhood standards for teachers.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Developmentally Appropriate Practice (DAP) and Early Childhood Standards
Difficulty Level: Medium
2. Give an example of a family dealing with child poverty, and provide at least two causes for this situation.
Ans: Examples will vary, but should show an understanding of the causes of childhood poverty. A sample answer follows. The Chavez family has a single parent, a mother with two children. To make ends meet, the mother has to work, so she places her children in child care facilities, which adds to her expenses. In addition, the mother does not speak English very well, which limits her job possibilities. Because of all these factors, the mother and her children live in poverty.
KEY: Learning Objective: 1.2: Discuss the societal factors that have contributed to the dramatic increase in programs for young children over the past few decades.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Child Advocacy
Difficulty Level: Hard
3. What is the difference between the nuclear family and the extended family?
Ans: The nuclear family includes immediate family members—father, mother, and children. The extended family involves a network of relations, including grandparents, uncles, and aunts. Adult brothers and sisters who no longer live at home are also considered part of the extended family.
KEY: Learning Objective: 1.2: Discuss the societal factors that have contributed to the dramatic increase in programs for young children over the past few decades.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Changes in Family Life
Difficulty Level: Medium
4. Explain the relationship between the increasing diversity of today’s families in America and the benefits of early childhood education.
Ans: Because of the increasing diversity of today’s families in America, there are more families from different cultural backgrounds. Some of these families have children who grow up learning a language other than English. Other families have low incomes even though both parents work. Publicly funded early childhood programs provide the children of these families with good educational opportunities. For instance, children who do not speak English well can enroll in programs that teach English as a second language.
KEY: Learning Objective: 1.2: Discuss the societal factors that have contributed to the dramatic increase in programs for young children over the past few decades.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Benefits in Early Childhood Education
Difficulty Level: Hard
5. Explain three differences between family child care homes and center-based programs.
Ans: Family child care homes tend to be more flexible than center-based programs and, as a result, are more convenient for parents. Center-based programs tend to take care of larger groups of children than family child care homes. Family child care homes serve more infants and toddlers than do center-based homes.
KEY: Learning Objective: 1.3: Describe the purposes and settings of early childhood programs, and categorize the age groups of children in these programs.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Program Settings
Difficulty Level: Hard
6. Explain the improvements made to the military child care system.
Ans: Improvements include an inspections and certification system, which ensures that programs maintain basic standards; a program accreditation requirement that promotes a higher level of quality for programs; and caregiver training and wages that improve staff stability and quality.
KEY: Learning Objective: 1.3: Describe the purposes and settings of early childhood programs, and categorize the age groups of children in these programs.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Child Care in the Military
Difficulty Level: Medium
7. Identify three ways that employers can help support their employee’s child care needs.
Ans: Many large businesses have formed child care centers at work or near work. Also, there are many ways employers can help without providing a tangible facility. For example, some employers give their workers vouchers, which they can use to gain entrance into community programs. Also, some companies focus on giving workers a flexible schedule that allows them to better take care of their child care needs.
KEY: Learning Objective: 1.3: Describe the purposes and settings of early childhood programs, and categorize the age groups of children in these programs.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Employer-Supported Programs
Difficulty Level: Medium
8. What is the main difference between old and current ways of defining the quality of early childhood programs?
Ans: In the past, experts focused on trying to decide which method is the best for child care. In contrast, today experts attempt to emphasize various ways to improve child care, relying on empirical evidence that support indicators of good programs.
KEY: Learning Objective: 1.4: Identify the factors that must intersect to provide and sustain a good quality early childhood program.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Defining Quality In Early Childhood Programs
Difficulty Level: Medium
9. Explain the three types of support provided by CLASS.
Ans: Social and emotional supports deal with the relationships and connections between children and teachers, such as having a positive classroom atmosphere and teachers being sensitive to student needs. Organization and management supports involve making rules and expectations clear to students and providing well-defined activities. Instructional supports deal with strategies to help children understand the material.
KEY: Learning Objective: 1.4: Identify the factors that must intersect to provide and sustain a good quality early childhood program.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Process Quality Elements
Difficulty Level: Medium
10. Why is the interplay between the needs of children for quality child care, the needs of families for affordable child care, and the needs of early childhood professional for appropriate compensation important?
Ans: To form a strong trust and attachment to adults, children need stability with these adults. Because of this, the stability of child care staff is extremely important. However, the staff needs to receive appropriate compensation. If it doesn’t, the turnover rate will be high, causing instability for the children and reduction in the quality of care. But if staff wages increase too much, then child care for many families will not be affordable.
KEY: Learning Objective: 1.5: Discuss the key issues related to early childhood education that may emerge in the future.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: The Future of Early Childhood Education
Difficulty Level: Hard
Essay
1. Why is NAEYC an effective organization? Provide at least three key reasons.
Ans: NAEYC maintains a current knowledge base about what is best for the development and learning of children. Also, this group views young children not just a group but also as individuals with their own unique characteristics. In addition, NAEYC realizes that children are not raised in a vacuum, but rather are influenced by strong cultural and social forces. Because of this, they pay attention to the cultural and social context in which children are raised. Influenced by these factors, NAEYC has developed, with the help of other organizations, standards or criteria that should be met by early childhood education academic preparation programs. Individuals who graduate from these programs should also meet these standards.
KEY: Learning Objective: 1.1: Explain the importance of developmentally appropriate practice (DAP) and early childhood standards for teachers.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Developmentally Appropriate Practice (DAP) and Early Childhood Standards
Difficulty Level: Hard
2. Compare how family life before World War II was different from family life today, and discuss how that affects early child care needs.
Ans: Before World War II, most mothers stayed at home to take care of the children and other domestic chores, and most fathers earned the money to support the family. Also, the vast majority of parents were married. The few single-parent families that existed happened mostly because of divorce. When a family needed help to take care of their children, they usually relied on their extended family, including grandparents, aunts, and uncles. Today, both parents of most families work, partly to pay expenses and partly to achieve career fulfillment. Although many parents still marry, there are many more parents who choose not to marry. Also, there are more single-parent families, most of which are headed by the mother. If parents need help to take care of their children, they rely much less on extended family and much more on early child care.
KEY: Learning Objective: 1.2: Discuss the societal factors that have contributed to the dramatic increase in programs for young children over the past few decades.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Changes in Family Life
Difficulty Level: Hard
3. Give an example of how good early childhood programs can benefit a family.
Ans: Examples will vary, but should show a thorough understanding of the benefits of good early childhood education. A sample answer follows. In the Smith family, both parents work. Because of the work schedule, the family needs child care for their five-year-old daughter and three-year-old son. They place both of their children in good early childhood programs. Because of the expense, their budget is tight. However, as time passes, they realize that the programs have improved their children’s social skills and increased their school readiness. As a result, the children are less likely to need special education, to drop out of school, to become involved in delinquency, or to go on welfare. The children are likely to reap economic benefits from the decision for the rest of their lives, which makes the present financial strain a good investment.
KEY: Learning Objective: 1.2: Discuss the societal factors that have contributed to the dramatic increase in programs for young children over the past few decades.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Benefits of Early Childhood Education
Difficulty Level: Hard
4. Give an example that shows why a family might have to switch from using child care provided by extended family members to center-based care.
Ans: Examples will vary, but should show a thorough understanding why more families are using center-based care instead of extended family care . A sample answer follows. The Wesley family lives in Milwaukee. Both parents work. They rely on a grandmother to take care of their three preschool children during the work day. The father receives a job offer that involves a significant pay raise. This job is located in San Francisco. The father takes the job, so the family relocates to San Francisco, where the mother eventually finds a decent job. The Wesley family does not have any relatives in the area, so once both parents are working, they have to place their children in centered-based care.
KEY: Learning Objective: 1.2: Discuss the societal factors that have contributed to the dramatic increase in programs for young children over the past few decades.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Changes in Family Life
Difficulty Level: Hard
5. Give an example of a family that would qualify for Early Head Start. Explain at least three benefits they would receive from this program.
Ans: Examples will vary, but should show a thorough understanding what type of family qualifies for Early Head Start and how these families benefit from this program. A sample answer follows. The Jones family is headed by a single parent, a mother who earns $20,000 a year working full time. She has an infant and a toddler. Because of her low income and the ages of her children, she qualifies for Early Head Start. For this program, the mother drops off her children at a child care center, where the children are given medical checkups and dental care. Also, they are given activities that will improve their language ability. In addition, a counselor helps the mother with parenting and becoming economically self-sufficient.
KEY: Learning Objective: 1.3: Describe the purposes and settings of early childhood programs, and categorize the age groups of children in these programs.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Head Start
Difficulty Level: Hard
6. What are the differences between an integrated curriculum and a non-integrated curriculum? Give an example of each.
Ans: Examples will vary, but should show a thorough understanding of the characteristics of integrated and non-integrated curricula. A sample answer follows. An integrated curriculum emphasizes interrelating all aspects of human development—social, emotional, physical, cognitive, language, and creative—instead of just focusing mainly on the cognitive. In contrast, a non-integrated curriculum focuses on separate subject areas without forming any connection between them. For example, an integrated play activity could involve a child performing creative tasks that teaches him/her both cognitive and language skills. If the activity is done with other children, it could have social benefits as well. On the other hand, a non-integrated activity would just teach a child one skill, such as math or reading. Then the child would do another activity to learn another skill and so on.
KEY: Learning Objective: 1.3: Describe the purposes and settings of early childhood programs, and categorize the age groups of children in these programs.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Kindergarten and Primary Children
Difficulty Level: Hard
7. Explain the difference between enrichment and compensation activities. Give an example of each.
Ans: Examples will vary, but should show a thorough understanding of the characteristics of enrichment and compensation activities. A sample answer follows. Enrichment activities enhance socialization, cognitive skills, or the overall development of young children. Compensatory activities make up for some lack in children’s backgrounds. For example, with enrichment, children could take part in group activities, such freeze dance or a scavenger hunt, that develops their social, physical, and cognitive skills. A compensation activity could be teaching a child how to effectively brush his or her teeth. This activity would make up for the fact that the skill was not taught at home.
KEY: Learning Objective: 1.3: Describe the purposes and settings of early childhood programs, and categorize the age groups of children in these programs.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Purpose of Programs
Difficulty Level: Hard
8. Explain whether process quality elements or structural quality elements are more important in providing high-quality early childhood education. Give an example to support your answer.
Ans: Examples will vary, but should show a thorough understanding of why process quality elements are more vital to early childhood education than structural elements. A sample answer follows. Process quality elements must be effectively implemented to provide high-quality early childhood education, while structural quality does not necessarily have to be present. The reason is that process quality deals with the act of learning, which involves the relationship between teachers and students. If this aspect is lacking, structural elements, no matter how effectively given, will not provide high-quality education. For example, suppose a teacher has a class with an ideal adult-child ratio and group size. However, the teacher does not effectively relate to students. Despite the structural qualities, the children will not receive a good education. On the other hand, suppose a teacher is in a class were the adult-child ratio is higher and the group size is larger than the ideal. Even so, if the teacher is sensitive to student needs, provides clear instructions to students, and uses effective learning strategies, the children can still receive a high-quality education.
KEY: Learning Objective: 1.4: Identify the factors that must intersect to provide and sustain a good quality early childhood program.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: How Do We Measure Quality
Difficulty Level: Hard
9. Give an example for each of the following: social and emotional supports, organizational and management supports, and instructional supports. Avoid giving examples provided in the text.
Ans: Examples will vary, but should show a thorough understanding of differences between the various supports A sample answer follows. Social and emotional support: Two students argue about which is the prettiest of two photographs. The teacher intercedes and shows the students that each view has value. As a result, the students should respect the opinion of others, even if they disagree. Organizational and management support: A teacher may need to provide instructions for a complicated class activity. First, she says the instructions orally. Then she shows the instructions written out using a slide projector. After this, she demonstrates doing the activity. By using these three methods, the teacher reinforces the instruction and covers three of the main ways children process information: verbally, visually, and kinesthetically. Instructional support: A teacher asks students what type of plants they think they will see on a nature walk, thereby tapping into their previous knowledge. Then during the walk, the teacher can ask them to point out plants they expected to see and ones they did not.
KEY: Learning Objective: 1.4: Identify the factors that must intersect to provide and sustain a good quality early childhood program.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Process Quality Elements
Difficulty Level: Hard
10. What trends are happening in early childhood education as it moves into the future?
Ans: More and more families will have two parents who work. As a result, the need for child care will continue to increase. There will be more of an effort at inclusion in child care programs, such as increasing the number of bilingual teachers; expanding curriculum to include an appreciation of different ethnic, religious, and economic backgrounds; and integrating more children with disabilities. Also, attempts to provide a cohesive and consolidated social policy within which to consider child and family matters will increase. In addition, there will be more of an effort to assess the progress of young children in publicly-funded programs.
KEY: Learning Objective: 1.5: Discuss the key issues related to early childhood education that may emerge in the future.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: The Future of Early Childhood Education
Difficulty Level: Medium
