1. Define the following terms:
a. science
b. chemistry
ANSWER:
a. Science - a framework for gaining and organizing knowledge. It is a procedure for processing and understanding certain information.
b. Chemistry - the science that deals with the matter of the universe and the changes it can undergo.
2. Define the following terms:
a. scientific method
b. natural law
c. hypothesis
d. theory
ANSWER:
a. Scientific method - the process or steps of scientific inquiry.
b. Natural law - a statement describing observed behavior.
c. Hypothesis - a possible explanation for an observation.
d. Theory - a set of testsed hypotheses that gives an explanation for some behavior or observation (also called a model).
3. Which of the following is not a step in the scientific method?
a.
Make an observation.
b.
Formulate a hypothesis.
c.
Perform an experiment.
d.
Change results to agree with your hypothesis.
e.
Develop a theory (or model).
ANSWER:
d
4. A __________ is a summary of observed behavior, and a __________ is an explanation of behavior.
a.
law, measurement
b.
theory, scientific method
c.
theory, law
d.
law, theory
e.
hypothesis, theory
ANSWER:
d
5. Generally, observed behavior that can be formulated into a statement, sometimes mathematical in nature, is called a(n)
a.
observation
b.
measurement
c.
theory
d.
natural law
e.
experiment
ANSWER:
d
6. The statement “The total mass of materials is not affected by a chemical change in those materials” is called a(n)
a.
observation
b.
measurement
c.
theory
d.
natural law
e.
experiment
ANSWER:
d
7. A set of tested hypotheses than gives an overall explanation of some part of nature, is called a(n)
a.
observation
b.
measurement
c.
theory
d.
natural law
e.
experiment
ANSWER:
c
8. Something done to test a hypothesis that produces new observations is called a(n)
a.
observation
b.
measurement
c.
theory
d.
natural law
e.
experiment
ANSWER:
e
9. A quantitative observation
a.
contains a number and a unit
b.
does not contain a number
c.
always makes a comparison
d.
must be obtained through experimentation
e.
is none of these
ANSWER:
a
10. Which of the following is an example of a quantitative observation?
a.
The piece of metal is longer than the piece of wood.
b.
Solution 1 is much darker than solution 2.
c.
The liquid in beaker A is blue.
d.
The temperature of the liquid is 60°C.
e.
At least two of the above (A-D) are quantitative observations.
ANSWER:
d
