1. The academic study of media effects developed from which of the following sources?
a. mass society and behaviorism
b. mass society and anomie
c. behaviorism and anomie
d. behaviorism and effects research
Ans: A
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Media “Effects”
Difficulty Level: Easy
2. Positivism emereged from the:
a. natural sciences.
b. humanties.
c. arts.
d. social sciences.
Ans: A
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Behaviorism and Positivism
Difficulty Level: Easy
3. The Bobo doll experiment took place at which of the following universities in the 1950s and 1960s.
a. Harvard
b. Yale
c. Stanford
d. Princeton
Ans: C
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Behaviorism and Positivism
Difficulty Level: Easy
4. Anxieties about media effects have traditionally taken all of the following forms except:
a. exposure encourages lewd behavior.
b. the mass media undermines the civilizing influence of high culture.
c. the mass media represents all individuals, including the elite.
d. the mass media represents the elite.
Ans: C
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Behaviorism and Positivism
Difficulty Level: Medium
5. H.G. Wells’ War of the Worlds, which aired on the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) on Halloween Night in October:
a. 1930.
b. 1932.
c. 1938.
d. 1940.
Ans: C
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Behaviorism and Positivism
Difficulty Level: Easy
6. One in ______ listeners were said to have been very frightened by the War of the Worlds broadcast, a fear that was exacerbated by the stature of the narrator.
a. 3
b. 6
c. 9
d. 12
Ans: B
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Behaviorism and Positivism
Difficulty Level: Easy
7. Which of the following theories proposes that the media is owned by the ruling bourgeois elite and operate in the interests of that class?
a. anomie
b. marxism
c. pluralism
d. behaviorism
Ans: B
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Marxism, Critical Criminology, and the “Dominant Ideology” Approach
Difficulty Level: Easy
8. Environmental harm was referred to by scholars in 1998 as:
a. green crime.
b. environmental justice.
c. environmental crime.
d. green justice.
Ans: A
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Legacy of Marxism: Critical Criminology and Corporate Crime
Difficulty Level: Easy
9. According to the authors, pluralists argue that which of the following processes have succeeded in removing the media from state regulation and censorship.
a. deregulation
b. privatization
c. technological advancement
d. all of these
Ans: D
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Pluralism, Competition, and Ideological Struggle
Difficulty Level: Easy
10. Reception analysis was pionereed by:
a. Cesare Lombroso.
b. David Morley.
c. Jock Young.
d. Jay Blumler.
Ans: B
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Pluralism, Competition, and Ideological Struggle
Difficulty Level: Easy
11. The Uniform Crime Reports are published annually by the:
a. CIA.
b. FBI.
c. DHS.
d. DOJ.
Ans: B
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Media “Effects”
Difficulty Level: Easy
12. According to the Uniform Crime Reports, there was a peak in crime in:
a. 1990.
b. 1991.
c. 1992.
d. 1993.
Ans: D
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Media “Effects”
Difficulty Level: Easy
13. The theory of “mass society” emerged in which of the following centuries?
a. late 17th and early 18th
b. late18th and early 19th
c. late 19th and early 20th
d. late 20th and early 21st
Ans: C
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Mass Society Theory
Difficulty Level: Easy
14. The physiologist, Ivan Pavlov, who famously conducting experiments with dogs, identified as:
a. American.
b. Russian.
c. German.
d. Chinese.
Ans: B
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Behaviorism and Positivism
Difficulty Level: Easy
15. According to the authors, the endeavor to observe and measure the relationship between “cause and effect” led to a belief that criminality is not a matter of free will but is caused by which of the following?
a. biological
b. psychological
c. social disposition
d. all of these
Ans: D
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Behaviorism and Positivism
Difficulty Level: Easy
16. In 2012, the crime rate was ______ per 100,000.
a. 200.1
b. 312.5
c. 386.9
d. 747.1
Ans: C
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Media “Effects”
Difficulty Level: Easy
17. According to mass society theorists, all of the following events made individuals feel vulnerable except:
a. industrialization.
b. urbanization.
c. the Great War.
d. the Civil War.
Ans: D
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Mass Society Theory
Difficulty Level: Medium
18. Which of the following was seen as a powerful force for controlling people’s thoughts and diverting them from political action?
a. the government
b. the media
c. the people
d. all of these
Ans: B
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Mass Society Theory
Difficulty Level: Medium
19. Cesare Lombroso studied the bodies of which of the following?
a. former athletes
b. children
c. executed criminals
d. the elderly
Ans: C
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Behaviorism and Positivism
Difficulty Level: Medium
20. The originator of the cultural criminology approach is:
a. Russian.
b. Italian.
c. American.
d. English.
Ans: C
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Cultural Criminology
Difficulty Level: Easy
21. According to the authors, cultural criminology celebrates postmodern notions of:
a. difference.
b. diversity.
c. discontinuity.
d. all of these.
Ans: D
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Cultural Criminology
Difficulty Level: Easy
22. In Crimes of Style (1996), Ferrell explores the meaning and practice of:
a. tattoos.
b. graffitti.
c. painting.
d. none of these.
Ans: B
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Cultural Criminology
Difficulty Level: Easy
23. According to the authors, the most compelling example to date of a postmodern media “performance” occurred on which of the following events?
a. 9/11
b. Benghazi
c. Boston marathon
d. Paris attacks
Ans: A
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Late Modernity and Postmodernism
Difficulty Level: Medium
24. Which of the following were regarded as examples of pressure groups?
a. Greenpeace
b. Animal Liberation Front
c. “Fathers 4 Justice”
d. all of these
Ans: D
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Late Modernity and Postmodernism
Difficulty Level: Medium
25. All of the following were identified as characteristics associated with modern society except:
a. capitalism.
b. militarism.
c. nation-state.
d. socialism.
Ans: D
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Late Modernity and Postmodernism
Difficulty Level: Medium
True/False
1. The academic study of media effects is also known as effects research.
Ans: T
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Media “Effects”
Difficulty Level: Easy
2. According to the UCR, a small segment of the U.S. public consistently reports that crime is getting worse, not better.
Ans: F
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Media “Effects”
Difficulty Level: Easy
3. Behaviorism was pioneered by American psychologist J.B. Watson.
Ans: T
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Behaviorism and Positivism
Difficulty Level: Easy
4. The most famous name in positivist criminology is Cesare Lombroso.
Ans: T
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Behaviorism and Positivism
Difficulty Level: Easy
5. Effects research is sometimes called the hypodermic syringe model.
Ans: T
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Behaviorism and Positivism
Difficulty Level: Easy
6. The radio transmission of H.G. Wells’ War of the Worlds was a metaphor for what the mass media could do.
Ans: T
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Behaviorism and Positivism
Difficulty Level: Easy
7. Criminzalition posits that crime and deviance are the product of sick individuals and sick societies.
Ans: F
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Marxism, Critical Criminology, and the “Dominant Ideology” Approach
Difficulty Level: Easy
8. Primary definers are people with views and ideas which conflict with those of official commentators.
Ans: F
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Pluralism, Competition, and Ideological Struggle
Difficulty Level: Easy
9. Intraclass refers to perpetuations on members of one’s own class and community.
Ans: T
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Realism and Reception Analysis
Difficulty Level: Easy
10. According to the authors, society has become less violent.
Ans: F
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Media “Effects”
Difficulty Level: Easy
11. A large majority of American’s belive that violent crime is declining.
Ans: F
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Media “Effects”
Difficulty Level: Easy
12. Models of media effects have been strongly influenced by pluralism.
Ans: F
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Behaviorism and Positivism
Difficulty Level: Easy
13. Behaviorism represented a major challenge to the more dominant perspective of psychoanalysis.
Ans: F
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Behaviorism and Positivism
Difficulty Level: Easy
14. According to the authors, citizens turned to solutions at the macro-level.
Ans: F
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Mass Society Theory
Difficulty Level: Easy
15. Positivism regards the world as unfixable and unquantifiable.
Ans: F
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Behaviorism and Positivism
Difficulty Level: Easy
Essay
1. According to the authors, what has contributed to the increase in public anxiety?
Ans: According to the authors, the arrival and growth of film, television, computer technologies, and social media have all contributed to the increase in public anxiety.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Media “Effects”
Difficulty Level: Easy
2. Why does the term “mass society” carry negative connotations?
Ans: It refers to the masses or the “common people” who are characterized by their lack of individuality, their alienation from the moral and ethical values to be gained from work and religion, their political apathy, and their taste for “low” culture.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Mass Society Theory
Difficulty Level: Medium
3. What were hidden persuaders?
Ans: Hiddern persuaders were advertisers who could influence people to purchase consumer goods almost against their better judgment.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Behaviorism and Positivism
Difficulty Level: Easy
4. What is the concept of hegemony?
Ans: Hegemony refers to the process by which the ruling classes win approval for their actions by consent rather than by coercion.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Marxism, Critical Criminology, and the “Dominant Ideology” Approach
Difficulty Level: Medium
5. What is the political economy approach?
Ans: The political economy approach claims that the undisputed fact of increasing concentration of media ownership in recent years makes Marx’s analysis all the more relevant to contemporary debates about the power of the media.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Marxism, Critical Criminology, and the “Dominant Ideology” Approach
Difficulty Level: Medium
