1. Give the ground-state electron configuration for carbon (atomic number 6).
ANSWER:
1s22s22px12py1 or 1s22s22p2
POINTS:
1
2. Give the ground-state electron configuration for fluorine (atomic number 9).
1s22s22px2 2py2 2pz1 or 1s22s22p5
3. Give the ground-state electron configuration for magnesium (atomic number 12).
1s22s22p63s2
4. How many electrons does silicon have in its valence shell?
four
Exhibit 1-1Write valid Lewis (electron-dot) structures for each formula below. Show all electrons as dots and show all non-bonding electrons.
5. C2Cl4 tetrachloroethylene
6. CO2 carbon dioxide
7. CH4O methanol
Exhibit 1-2Consider the structure of urea, shown below, to answer the following question(s).
8. Refer to Exhibit 1-2. Fill in any non-bonding valence electrons that are missing from the line-bond structure.
9. Refer to Exhibit 1-2. The carbon atom in urea is:
a.
sp3 hybridized
b.
sp2 hybridized
c.
sp hybridized
d.
not hybridized
b
10. Refer to Exhibit 1-2. The predicted NH2−C=O bond angle in urea is:
109.5°
120°
180°
not predictable
Exhibit 1-3Determine the hybridization for the indicated atoms in each structure below.
11. Refer to Exhibit 1-3. The hybridization of this oxygen atom (A) is ______.
sp2
12. Refer to Exhibit 1-3. The hybridization of this oxygen atom (B) is ______.
sp3
13. Refer to Exhibit 1-3. The hybridization of this carbon atom (C) is ______.
14. Refer to Exhibit 1-3. The hybridization of this carbon atom (D) is ______.
sp
15. The molecular formula C2H4O can be converted into three-line bond (Kekulé) structures that are consistent with valence rules.
a. b. c. d.
a. Which one of the Kekulé structures isnotconsistent with valence rules?
b. Explain why the structure you chose in part a is not consistent with valence rules.
a. d
b. The carbon bonded to the oxygen atom in structure d is pentavalent; it has 10 valence electrons. Carbon can only have eight valence electrons. In addition, the other carbon has only six valence electrons when it would prefer to have eight.
16. The original question was combined with #15. This placeholder question is here to maintain the integrity of the numbering system between the printed copy and ExamView. Therefore, it has been marked "do not use on test" in ExamView's question information dialog. As a result, this placeholder question is automatically prevented from being chosen as a test question.
Answer not provided.
17. Convert the following structure to a skeletal drawing and give its molecular formula.
Molecular formula: C5H7Br
18. Draw an orbital picture for acetylene, C2H2. Clearly label each bond type and indicate the type of orbitals involved in each bond.
Exhibit 1-4Propose possible structures for a molecule that meets each of the following descriptions.
19. Refer to Exhibit 1-4. Contains two sp3 hybridized carbons and two sp hybridized carbons.
20. Refer to Exhibit 1-4. Contains one sp3 hybridized carbon and two sp2 hybridized carbons.
21. Convert the following molecular model into a condensed structure and a skeletal structure.
22. Convert the following molecular model into a condensed structure and a skeletal structure.
23. Convert the following molecular model into a condensed structure and a skeletal structure.
or more specifically;
24. Indicate the hybridization on each of the carbon atoms indicated with a number in the molecular model shown.
Carbon 1: sp3
Carbon 2: sp2
25. Draw the orbital diagram showing the ground-state electron configuration of sulfur.
26. Fill in any nonbonding valence electrons that are missing from the following structural representation of the amino acid cysteine.
27. There are two substances with the molecular formula C2H7N. Draw them and describe how they differ.
The two structures differ in the number of hydrogen atoms and carbon atoms bonded to the nitrogen atom. The first structure contains the carbon atoms bonded in a two carbon chain while in the second structure the two carbons atoms are isolated from each other by the nitrogen atom.
28. Overlap of the two atomic orbitals shown could result in a:
σ bond
π bond
σ or π depending on the direction of the overlap.
c
29. Hybridization of the atomic orbitals shown would result in:
sp3 hybridization
sp2 hybridization
sp hybridization
30. Which of the following represents a hybrid orbital?
d
31. What type of hybridization is exhibited by carbon in the following substance?:
32. What type of hybridization is exhibited by carbon in the following substance?:
33. What type of hybridization is exhibited by the nitrogen atom in the following substance and how many lone pairs are present on the nitrogen?:
sp3 hybridization and 1 lone pair
sp2 hybridization and l lone pair
sp hybridization and 1 lone pair
sp3 hybridization and 2 lone pairs
e.
sp2 hybridization and 2 lone pairs
f.
sp hybridization and 2 lone pairs
a
34. If all the missing bonds in the following structure are sigma bonds to hydrogen atoms, how many hydrogen atoms are missing from this structure? Atoms other than carbon are labeled.
7
10
12
14
None of these is the correct number.
e
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