1. Health research adds to the body of knowledge that informs nurses of appropriate patient care and quality outcomes.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Mod TOP: Introduction
2. The only purpose of conducting research is to generate new knowledge.
ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: Conducting research
3. A key question when appraising research is ‘will the results be helpful in caring for other patients?’
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: Critical appraisal of research
4. Interdependence implies that the researcher makes a contribution to one specific phase of a project.
ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: Collaborative research
5. Research collaboration is possible between researchers in nursing, health and other disciplines.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: Collaborative research
6. Mixed-methods research has broadened the scope of findings in acknowledging the importance of both science and the experiences of people.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate TOP: A shifting paradigm
7. The paradigm of a profession looks at the content of professional knowledge and the processes of knowledge production.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate TOP: Overview of research paradigms
8. Research is linked with theory in a one-sided relationship.
ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate TOP: Relationship between research, practice and theory
9. Research can be qualified or quantified.
ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: Introduction
10. The positivist paradigm provides a subjective reality for research.
ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: Empirico-analytical (quantitative) research
11. Reliability means that a project is testing what it actually intends to test.
ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate TOP: Empirico-analytical (quantitative) research
12. The scientific method demands that research be as free as possible from subjectivity.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: Empirico-analytical (quantitative) research
13. Applied research concerns the application of knowledge to general situations.
ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate TOP: Introduction
14. Quantitative researchers usually want to reduce things of interest to their most focused and smallest parts in order to study them.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate TOP: Empirico-analytical (quantitative) research
15. The quantitative research process attempts to find out scientific knowledge by exploring lived experience.
ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: The quantitative research process
16. In Australia, an academic period of nursing began in the 1940s.
ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate TOP: Practice and research in health professions
17. Evidence-based practice guidelines go from the highest, least valued Level I to the lowest, most valued Level IV.
ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult TOP: Evidence-based practice criteria
18. Qualitative research is interested in questions that involve human objectivity.
ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate TOP: Qualitative research
19. The PICO system can be used to plan the use of questions or inquiries in EBP.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate TOP: Questions and protocol
20. Lifelong learning is essential to professionalism and promotes research in nursing.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate TOP: Practice and research in health professions
COMPLETION
21. Thinking that starts from the specific instance and moves to the general pattern of combined instances is _________.
ANS: inductive
PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: Qualitative research
22. Qualitative research usually begins a project with a statement of the area of ________.
ANS: interest
PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: Qualitative research
23. Nursing researchers are searching for new or ___________ knowledge to inform them about areas of interest.
ANS: adapted
PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate TOP: Introduction
24. Multidisciplinary research can improve findings leading to optimum care and _____________ patient outcomes.
ANS: satisfactory
PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate TOP: Collaborative research
25. Nurses are responsible for maintaining _____________ in practice and updating their knowledge.
ANS: currency
PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: Practice and research in health professions
26. The history of research is basically the history of ideas or _______________.
ANS: Philosophy
PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate TOP: Research as a means of generating knowledge
27. Knowing is ______________ from interpretation and understanding.
ANS: extrapolated
PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: Defining epistemology and ontology
28. A paradigmatic view provides ___________ categories in which certain kinds of research can be placed.
ANS: overall
PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: Overview of research paradigms
29. A higher degree of _______________ involvement and collaboration is seen in qualitative research .
ANS: participant
PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate TOP: The qualitative research process
30. Quantitative researchers tend to refer to the people they have accessed in the research as __________.
ANS: ‘subjects’
PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: The qualitative research process
31. Quantitative research utilises methods and instruments such as _______, questionnaires and clinical trials.
ANS: surveys
PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: The qualitative research process
32. The _________ step in the quantitative research process is formulating a testable research question.
ANS: third
PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate TOP: Empirico-analytical (quantitative) research
33. Evidence-based practice grew out of the discipline of ______________.
ANS: medicine
PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: Evidence-based practice criteria
34. ____________ research dominates overall, because it attracts major funding from governments and health research sponsors.
ANS: Quantitative
PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: A shifting paradigm
35. Health professions have been identified as sciences because they basically use the _________ method for their research enquiry.
ANS: empirical
PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate TOP: Empirico-analytical (quantitative) research
36. _____ research develops fundamental knowledge and tests theory.
ANS: Basic
PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: Introduction
37. _________ ________ can be described as a research approach that collects data first and then a theory is proposed that fits the findings.
ANS: Grounded theory
PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate TOP: Relationship between research, practice and theory
38. The quantitative research process attempts to find out scientific knowledge by the ___________ of elements.
ANS: measurement
PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: The quantitative research process
39. A _________________ explains the purpose and relevance of a question and how it will be investigated.
ANS: protocol
PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: Questions and protocol
40. In evidence-based practice, appraisal of the evidence is done according to specific __________________.
ANS: criteria
PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: Origins
MATCHING
Match each item with the correct statement below.
A. | applied research | K. | Level IV evidence |
B. | evidence-based practice | L. | correlation |
C. | basic research | M. | paradigm |
D. | PICO system | N. | ontology |
E. | qualitative research | O. | iterative |
F. | empirico-analytical research | P. | variables |
G. | multidisciplinary research team | Q. | description |
H. | The National Health and Medical Research Council | R. | epistemology |
I. | Level I evidence | S. | prediction |
J. | conceptual framework | T. | reductionism |
41. Develops fundamental knowledge and tests theory
42. Interested in observation and analysis by the scientific method
43. Evidence obtained from a systematic review of all relevant randomised controlled trials
44. In which relationships of two or more elements are investigated
45. Concerns the application of knowledge to specific situations
46. A broad view or perspective of something
47. The study of knowledge
48. Current clinical practice based on the best, most recent research
49. Elements of a phenomena are counted
50. The activity of one element can be predicted from that of another
51. Reduce things of interest to their most focused and smallest parts to study them
52. Research interested in questions that involve human consciousness and subjectivity
53. The study of existence
54. The Australian body that provides a guide for developing, implementing and evaluating clinical practice guidelines
55. Cause-and-effect links between certain objects and subjects
56. Moves back and forth between steps
57. A system used to plan the use of questions or inquiries
58. Underpinnings of a study
59. Members of many health disciplines researching together
60. Evidence obtained from case series (either post-test or pretest and post-test)
41. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: Introduction
42. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: Empirico-analytical (quantitative) research
43. ANS: I PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate TOP: Evidence-based practice criteria
44. ANS: L PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate TOP: The quantitative research process
45. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate TOP: Introduction
46. ANS: M PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult TOP: Overview of research paradigms
47. ANS: R PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: Defining epistemology and ontology
48. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: Evidence-based practice
49. ANS: Q PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: Quantitative research process
50. ANS: S PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: Quantitative research process
51. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate TOP: Empirico-analytical (quantitative) research
52. ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate TOP: Qualitative research
53. ANS: N PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: Defining epistemology and ontology
54. ANS: H PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: Evidence-based practice criteria
55. ANS: P PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate TOP: Empirico-analytical (quantitative) research
56. ANS: O PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate TOP: Empirico-analytical (quantitative) research
57. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate TOP: Questions and protocol
58. ANS: J PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate TOP: How to use a conceptual framework
59. ANS: G PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: Collaborative research
60. ANS: K PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: Evidence-based practice criteria
MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS
61. Nurses and other health professionals can participate in various ways:
A. independent, codependent, and interdependent levels
B. codependent, independent and individual levels
C. independent, interdependent and dependent levels
D. interdependent, multidependent and codependent levels
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate TOP: Collaborative research
62. Clinical decision making in nursing has been guided by research evidence since:
A. early 20th century
B. early 21st century
C. mid 20th century
D. late 20th century
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: Clinical use of research
63. To achieve mutual outcomes and amalgamate theory and practice research collaboration can occur between:
A. universities, hospitals and the community
B. educational organisations, healthcare agencies and the community
C. doctors, allied health and nurses
D. patients, doctors and nurses
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: Collaborative research
64. Research paradigms are:
A. quantitative and qualitative
B. ethnographic
C. interpretive
D. basic and applied
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate TOP: Introduction
65. A basic reason for conducting research is to:
A. build a common body of knowledge with other professions
B. develop active and cohesive professional organisations
C. find new knowledge and adapt existing knowledge
D. generate new ideas and philosophies
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult TOP: Research as a means of generating knowledge
66. Fundamental to the development of professional research is the:
A. primary education system
B. secondary education system
C. tertiary education system
D. quaternary education system
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: Practice and research in health professions
67. Which of the following is NOT considered quality merit of evidence according to the Joanna Briggs Institute?
A. Feasibility
B. Appropriateness
C. Reliability
D. Effectiveness
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: Evidence-based practice criteria
68. The move of basic nursing into the tertiary sector in Australia occurred in:
A. the late 1950s
B. the early 1950s
C. the early 1980s
D. the late 1980s
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: Practice and research in health professions
69. Until recently, the scientific model has been the established approach in research since:
A. the time of Plato and Socrates
B. the Dark Ages
C. the late 1950s
D. the 17th century
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate TOP: Research as a means of generating knowledge
70. Epistemology is defined as the:
A. study of existence
B. study of astronomy
C. study of knowledge
D. study of the meaning of life
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: Defining epistemology and ontology
71. A paradigm is:
A. a broad view or perspective of something
B. a focused perspective
C. how knowledge is transmitted in a discipline
D. reducing things of interest to their smallest part
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: Overview of research paradigms
72. The three criteria for evaluating research are:
A. qualitative, quantitative and quasi-experimental
B. objectivity, subjectivity and individuality
C. subjectivity, reliability and generalisability
D. validity, reliability and generalisability
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate TOP: Empirico-analytical (quantitative) research
73. In the scientific method, induction refers to:
A. theory testing
B. theory building
C. drawing conclusions from known or supposed facts
D. making inferences from the general to the particular
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate TOP: Empirico-analytical (quantitative) research
74. In the scientific method, deduction refers to:
A. theory testing
B. theory building
C. making general inferences from particular instances
D. producing facts to prove general laws
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate TOP: Empirico-analytical (quantitative) research
75. Variables:
A. reduce things of interest to their smallest parts
B. are cause-and-effect links between certain objects and subjects
C. move back and forth between steps of the research process
D. are elements of a phenomenon that are counted
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult TOP: Empirico-analytical (quantitative) research
76. Measurement of elements in the quantitative research process can be at these four levels:
A. description, correlation, explanation and prediction
B. subjective, objective, intuitive and altruistic
C. inductive, deductive, reductionist and iterative
D. independent, interdependent, codependent and predependent
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate TOP: The quantitative research process
77. Qualitative research involves the following except for:
A. questions involving human consciousness and subjectivity
B. finding out about the changing nature of knowledge
C. using thinking that starts from the specific instance and moves to the general pattern of combined instances
D. starts with a hypothesis
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate TOP: Qualitative research
78. Qualitative research defines process as the:
A. ‘when’ of research
B. ‘how’ of research
C. ‘who’ of research
D. ‘where’ of research
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: The qualitative research process
79. Quantitative research:
A. tends to use large samples
B. uses smaller samples
C. describes people in a study as participants
D. attempts to understand the whole of some phenomenon
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: Differences between quantitative and qualitative research
80. Qualitative research:
A. describes people in a study as subjects
B. uses formal instruments
C. emphasises objectivity
D. attempts to understand the entirety or whole of some phenomenon within a prescribed context
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: Differences between quantitative and qualitative research
