Kremkau: Sonography Principles and Instruments, 9th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
- Diagnostic ultrasound transducers generate a of sound into the body.
- wave
- pulse
- frequency
- Doppler
ANS: B
Diagnostic ultrasound transducers generate the ultrasound pulses and receive the returning pulses.
REF: p. 2 OBJ: Explain the fundamental principle used in sonographic imaging. TOP: Pulse wave
- The brightness of the dot corresponds to the of the returning echo.
- location
- speed
- strength
- angle
ANS: C
The brightness of the dot corresponds to the echo strength, producing what then is known as a gray-scale image.
REF: pp. 2-5 OBJ: Explain the fundamental principle used in sonographic imaging. TOP: Pulse wave
- A rectangular image display is seen when using a transducer.
- sector
- vector
- convex
- linear
ANS: D
Pulses (scan lines) travel from different points parallel with each other, displaying a rectangular image.
REF: p. 5 OBJ: Describe the image formats used in sonography. TOP: Pulse wave
- The location of each dot corresponds to the of the echo to return.
- strength
- time
- pulse
- frequency
ANS: B
The location of each dot corresponds to the anatomic location of the echo-generating structure.
REF: p. 5 OBJ: Explain the fundamental principle used in sonographic imaging. TOP: Pulse wave
- The method by which each pulse originates from the same starting point is called a image.
- sector
- linear
- convex
- none of the above
ANS: A
A sector image results when each pulse originates from the same starting point and subsequent pulses going out in different directions.
REF: p. 5 OBJ: Describe the image formats used in sonography. TOP: Pulse wave
- Sonographic images are composed of many .
- crystals
- scan lines
- focal points
- frequency shifts
ANS: B
Sonographic images are composed of many scan lines (pulses).
REF: p. 7 OBJ: Explain the fundamental principle used in sonographic imaging. TOP: Pulse wave
- Echoes produced by objects have different than the pulses sent into the body.
- stationary; frequencies
- stable; directions
- moving; frequencies
- moving; echoes
ANS: C
Echoes produced by moving objects have different frequencies than the pulses sent into the body.
REF: p. 7 OBJ: Explain how the Doppler effect is applied to sonography. TOP: Doppler ultrasound
- Doppler ultrasound measures the movement of .
- tissue
- blood
- A and B
- none of the above
ANS: C
Doppler ultrasound is used in detecting and measuring tissue motion and blood flow.
REF: p. 7 OBJ: Explain how the Doppler effect is applied to sonography. TOP: Doppler ultrasound
- Quantitative data are determined by which Doppler display?
- Color imaging.
- Power imaging.
- B-mode (gray-scale, or brightness) imaging.
- Spectral imaging.
ANS: D
Doppler information is applied to loudspeakers for audible evaluation and to the spectral display for quantitative analysis.
REF: p. 8 OBJ: List the ways in which Doppler information is presented. TOP: Doppler ultrasound
- The Doppler effect is a change in echo .
- frequency
- strength
- amplitude
- direction
ANS: A
The Doppler effect is a change in frequency caused by moving objects.
REF: p. 7 OBJ: Explain how the Doppler effect is applied to sonography. TOP: Doppler ultrasound
- Vertical parallel scan lines are seen with which transducer format?
- vector.
- convex.
- linear.
- curvilinear.
ANS: C
A linear transducer generates vertical parallel scan lines.
REF: p. 5 OBJ: Describe the image formats used in sonography. TOP: Pulse wave
- A gray-scale ultrasound image is the visible counterpart of a/an .
- frequency shift
- spectral display
- invisible object
- electronic wave
ANS: C
An ultrasound image is the visible counterpart of an invisible object, produced in an electronic instrument by the interaction of ultrasound with the object.
REF: pp. 1-2 OBJ: Explain the fundamental principle used in sonographic imaging. TOP: Pulse wave
- A scan is shaped like a slice of pie.
- sector
- convex
- linear
- curvilinear
ANS: A
A sector image is shaped like a slice of pie.
REF: p. 5 OBJ: Describe the image formats used in sonography. TOP: Pulse wave
- Sonography is medical anatomic imaging using a technique.
- starting point
- pulse echo
- vertical parallel
- transducer instrument
ANS: B
Anatomic imaging with ultrasound is accomplished by the pulse-echo principle.
REF: p. 2 OBJ: Explain the fundamental principle used in sonographic imaging. TOP: Pulse wave
- Three-dimensional imaging requires many adjacent tissue to build the image.
- moving objects
- frequency shifts
- cross-sections
- ultrasound pulses
ANS: C
Three-dimensional, or volume, imaging requires scanning the ultrasound through many adjacent two-dimensional tissue-cross-sections to build up a three-dimensional volume of echo information.
REF: p. 7 OBJ: Describe the image formats used in sonography. TOP: Pulse wave
TRUE/FALSE
- One pulse of ultrasound generates a single scan line as it travels through tissue.
ANS: T
One line of echo information (pulse) is equal to one scan line.
REF: p. 5 OBJ: Explain the fundamental principle used in sonographic imaging. TOP: Pulse wave
- Pulsed ultrasound transducers can generate only ultrasound pulses.
ANS: F
The transducer generates the ultrasound pulses and receives the returning echoes.
REF: p. 2 OBJ: Explain the fundamental principle used in sonographic imaging. TOP: Pulse wave
- The Doppler effect is caused by a difference in the depth of two moving objects.
ANS: F
The Doppler effect is a change in frequency caused by moving objects.
REF: p. 7 OBJ: Explain how the Doppler effect is applied to sonography. TOP: Doppler ultrasound
- Animals have applied ultrasound to detect and capture prey.
ANS: T
Bats, dolphins, and other animals use ultrasound to detect, locate, determine motion of, and capture prey; to avoid obstacles; to detect and avoid predators; and to court mates.
REF: p. 1 OBJ: Explain the fundamental principle used in sonographic imaging. TOP: General ultrasound physics
- Color Doppler imaging is superimposed on a gray-scale image.
ANS: T
Rapid scanning and processing of the Doppler data enable color-coded presentation of Doppler information to be superimposed on a gray-scale anatomic image.
REF: pp. 7-8 OBJ: Explain how the Doppler effect is applied to sonography. TOP: Doppler ultrasound
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