.1 Multiple Choice Questions
1) What is the name of the first full-time police agency in London?
A) London Metropolitan Police
B) English Special Forces
C) British Crime Council
D) London Police Department
Answer: A
Page Ref: 4
Objective: List the events in England that led to the creation of the London Metropolitan Police.
Level: Basic
2) The rise of unified, full-time police departments in America was influenced by events in:
A) France.
B) England.
C) The former Soviet Union.
D) Ireland.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 5
Objective: List the events in England that led to the creation of the London Metropolitan Police.
Level: Basic
3) A tightly controlled political party headed by a boss or small autocratic group whose purpose is to repeatedly win election s for personal gain, often through graft and corruption, is known as:
A) Patronage.
B) Partisan government.
C) Machine politics.
D) Mob-influenced politics.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 9
Objective: Define and describe machine politics in the 19th century.
Level: Basic
4) Which of the following is not a criterion for a profession?
A) An organized body of theoretically grounded knowledge
B) A code of ethics
C) Prestige
D) A strong work value
Answer: D
Page Ref: 12
Objective: Explain why the concept of a police profession is so important.
Level: Intermediate
5) Who is the father of modern law enforcement?
A) August Vollmer
B) Robert Peel
C) O.W. Wilson
D) J. Edgar Hoover
Answer: A
Page Ref: 13
Objective: Discuss the contributions of Chief August Vollmer.
Level: Basic
6) What did August Vollmer not do to improve the caliber of police personnel?
A) Established police training
B) Introduced psychological testing
C) Began recruiting college students
D) Required all applicants to take a polygraph examination
Answer: D
Page Ref: 14
Objective: Discuss the contributions of Chief August Vollmer.
Level: Basic
7) What law enforcement administrator studied under August Vollmer and wrote what is considered to be the "Bible" of police administration?
A) Benjamin "Pap" Singleton
B) Sir Robert Peel
C) O.W. Wilson
D) George Kelling
Answer: C
Page Ref: 14
Objective: Discuss the contributions of Chief August Vollmer.
Level: Basic
8) The Pendleton Act of 1883 sought to eliminate:
A) Merit selection.
B) The political spoils system.
C) The "good old boy" government.
D) Testing for promotion.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 14
Objective: Identify the most negative and positive things about the patronage/spoils system.
Level: Difficult
9) Prohibition was established by passage of the:
A) USA PATRIOT Act.
B) Pendleton Act.
C) Volstead Act.
D) Temperance Act.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 15
Objective: Describe the impact of prohibition on policing.
Level: Basic
10) Which of the following was an impact on policing that resulted from WWII?
A) The Pendleton Act
B) An increase in educational requirements for police
C) The adoption of residency requirements for police
D) A shortage of experienced officers
Answer: D
Page Ref: 20
Objective: State how World War II affected law enforcement.
Level: Basic
11) What is the name of the persons who, during WWII, patrolled to make sure that no lights were showing during "black outs"?
A) Air raid wardens
B) Carpetbaggers
C) Muckrackers
D) Civil patrol
Answer: A
Page Ref: 20
Objective: State how World War II affected law enforcement.
Level: Basic
12) Following World War II, more women were hired as police officers, and they were responsible for working specifically with what category of offenders?
A) Bank robbers
B) Juvenile delinquents
C) Homeless veterans
D) Prostitutes
Answer: B
Page Ref: 21
Objective: State how World War II affected law enforcement.
Level: Intermediate
13) Particularly after 1965, the hallmark of attempts to promote police professionalization centered on:
A) Civilian review boards.
B) A code of ethics
C) Standards of admission
D) Education
Answer: D
Page Ref: 23
Objective: Explain why the concept of a police profession is so important.
Level: Basic
14) During the 1960s, money was made available from ________ to start junior college and university criminal justice programs.
A) CALEA
B) NOBLE
C) PERF
D) LEAA
Answer: D
Page Ref: 25
Objective: Explain why the concept of a police profession is so important.
Level: Basic
15) One of the major conclusions of the Kansas City Preventive Patrol Study was that:
A) Response time varied greatly with the level of routine patrol.
B) Citizens' fear of crime was altered by the level of routine patrol.
C) The level of patrol was directly correlated with the incidence of traffic accidents.
D) There was a statistically weak correlation between reported crime and level of routine patrol.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 26
Objective: Explain why the concept of a police profession is so important.
Level: Basic
16) The ________ described how investigations in major metropolitan police agencies were organized and managed. This study recommended a larger role for police officers in conducting preliminary investigations.
A) Kansas City Patrol Experiment
B) NIJ Proactive Patrol Study
C) RAND Criminal Investigation Study
D) FBI Investigation Report
Answer: C
Page Ref: 26
Objective: Explain why the concept of a police profession is so important.
Level: Basic
17) The independent accrediting authority for law enforcement is:
A) IACLEA.
B) NOBLE.
C) AALE.
D) CALEA.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 26
Objective: Explain why the concept of a police profession is so important.
Level: Basic
18) Which of the following was not cited as a benefit of law enforcement accreditation?
A) Personnel costs can be reduced
B) Liability insurance costs can be reduced
C) Community pride and confidence in the agencies is stimulated
D) Can be used as a tool in attracting new businesses to a community
Answer: A
Page Ref: 26
Objective: Explain why the concept of a police profession is so important.
Level: Intermediate
19) Which of the following is not part of what the text refers to as the "trilogy of major experiments"?
A) Kansas City Preventive Patrol Study
B) Rand Criminal Investigation Study
C) Team Policing
D) Community Oriented Policing
Answer: D
Page Ref: 26
Objective: Explain why the concept of a police profession is so important.
Level: Difficult
20) What agency was formed to archive and disseminate the rapidly growing body of criminal justice knowledge being generated by cutting-edge research?
A) NCIC.
B) FCIC.
C) NIBRS.
D) NCJRS.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 26
Objective: Explain why the concept of a police profession is so important.
Level: Intermediate
1.2 True/False Questions
1) Benjamin "Pap" Singleton, a former slave in Tennessee, promoted the idea of forming African American townships in Kentucky.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 6
Objective: Describe the Black Codes and Jim Crow laws.
Level: Intermediate
2) Western law enforcement agencies were often very large, their jurisdictions were unlimited, but their local records were inadequate for serious investigations, there was no centralized record keeping agency, marauding bandits had vast lands into which they could vanish and communication between agencies was often sparse and slow.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 8
Objective: Describe the importance of the frontier closing in 1890.
Level: Intermediate
3) In 1890, the federal government announced that the frontier was open for greater expansion and six states were later admitted to the union.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 8
Objective: Describe the importance of the frontier closing in 1890.
Level: Basic
4) In 1916, the National Municipal League issued a model city charter calling for a strict separation of politics and administration, which had a trickle-down effect on the police and other departments.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 10
Objective: Define and describe machine politics in the 19th century.
Level: Intermediate
5) The importance to policing of being seen as a para-profession was fundamental to transforming the public view of officers from corrupt thugs and heavy-handed brutes to something noble.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 13
Objective: Explain why the concept of a police profession is so important.
Level: Intermediate
6) The Patterson Act was passed (1883), establishing the U.S. Civil Service Commission to enforce its provisions and mandating that federal employees pass a competitive examination and be appointed on the basis of merit.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 14
Objective: Define and describe machine politics in the 19th century.
Level: Intermediate
7) The temperance movement, which began in the second half of the 19th century, grew out of churches.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 15
Objective: Describe the impact of prohibition on policing.
Level: Intermediate
8) In Chicago, Eliot Ness was a local sheriff, and the 10 deputy sheriffs he handpicked were known as the untouchables because they couldn't be "bought."
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 16
Objective: Describe the impact of prohibition on policing.
Level: Intermediate
9) The importance of separating police and politics gained additional impetus as law enforcement associations emerged. In 1934, the International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP) was formed to facilitate this movement.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 17
Objective: Define politics and give three reasons why it cannot be kept out of police agencies.
Level: Basic
10) The military model of policing resulted in more staff positions to do specialized work, an emphasis on both line inspection of officers and staff inspections of functions, written policies and procedures, enhanced training, increased accountability, and the widespread adoption of the bureaucratic form of organization.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 20
Objective: State how World War II affected law enforcement.
Level: Intermediate
11) Police Officer Standards and Training (POST) units played an important role in police professionalization. They essentially constitute a professional licensing board and can revoke an officer's certificate to hold a job with any public law enforcement agency in the state that issued it.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 23
Objective: Explain why the concept of a police profession is so important.
Level: Basic
12) In 1967, President Nixon's Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice issued a summary report titled, The Challenge of Crime in a Free Society.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 24
Objective: Explain why the concept of a police profession is so important.
Level: Intermediate
13) The Watergate scandal occurred when Lyndon B. Johnson was president.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 25
Objective: Describe the circumstances surrounding the Watergate scandal.
Level: Difficult
14) As a result of the U.S.A. Patriot Act, state and local law enforcement's powers and role in combating terrorism were also expanded.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 27
Objective: Give three reasons why the United States has not experienced a major terrorist attack from abroad since 9/11.
Level: Basic
15) Implementing the Guardian role requires a major paradigm shift and such a shift would most likely be met with little resistance.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 31
Objective: Explain why the concept of a police profession is so important.
Level: Intermediate
1.3 Short Answer Questions
1) The rise of unified, full-time police departments in America was influenced by events in ________.
Answer: England
Page Ref: 4
Objective: List the events in England that led to the creation of the London Metropolitan Police.
Level: Basic
2) Illegal bars called ________ were established during prohibition.
Answer: speakeasies
Page Ref: 15
Objective: Describe the impact of prohibition on policing.
Level: Basic
3) A ________ is someone who smuggled illegal alcohol during prohibition.
Answer: bootlegger
Page Ref: 16
Objective: Describe the impact of prohibition on policing.
Level: Basic
4) The Ku Klux Klan was formed by ________ army veterans who were bored and wanted to create a mysterious stir at parties.
Answer: Confederate
Page Ref: 19
Objective: Describe the Black Codes and Jim Crow laws.
Level: Intermediate
5) The Ku Klux Klan took over some of the duties of ________ patrols, who hunted down fugitive slaves.
Answer: slave
Page Ref: 19
Objective: Describe the Black Codes and Jim Crow laws.
Level: Intermediate
6) During the 1950s and 1960s, some southern police departments still had the problem of the ________ badge, in which minority police officers were treated as inferior to white officers.
Answer: unequal
Page Ref: 22
Objective: Explain the unequal badge problem.
Level: Intermediate
7) The Law Enforcement Education Program provided up to $2,400 a year to help defray ________ costs.
Answer: education
Page Ref: 25
Objective: Explain why the concept of a police profession is so important.
Level: Intermediate
8) The formulation of the federal National Criminal ________ Reference Service created an easily accessible body of cutting-edge information for criminal justice students, scholars, and practitioners.
Answer: Justice
Page Ref: 26
Objective: Explain why the concept of a police profession is so important.
Level: Intermediate
9) Community oriented policing is the development of police strategies and programs in partnership with ________ in order to deliver custom-tailored police services to problems.
Answer: communities
Page Ref: 27
Objective: Define COP, ZTP, CompStat, and EBP.
Level: Basic
10) Evidence-based policing is based on ________ that suggests which strategies in policing provide the most successful outcomes.
Answer: research
Page Ref: 27
Objective: Define COP, ZTP, CompStat, and EBP.
Level: Basic
1.4 Matching Questions
Match the person from Column 1 to his description in Column 2. Each item in Column 2 will be used only once.
A) Former Tennessee slave who promoted founding African American townships in Kansas after the Civil war
B) Farm worker and civil rights activist who fought for better working conditions and pay for migrant pickers
C) Distinguished leader in the Civil Rights movement
D) Father of modern law enforcement
E) WCTU activist who gained notoriety for ripping alcohol kegs open with her axe
F) U.S. President assassinated by a frustrated patronage seeker, giving momentum to the passage of the Pendleton Act
G) Carried out Oklahoma City bombing as a means of getting revenge for Ruby Ridge and Waco
H) Driving force behind the London Metropolitan Police
I) Chief of several jurisdictions and wrote Police Administration, which is often regarded as the "Bible" of police administration
J) Bank robber killed in Chicago by FBI agents in 1934, marking the end of the lawless era
1) Cesar Chavez
Page Ref: 6-28
Objective: Explain why the concept of a police profession is so important.
Level: Intermediate
2) John Dillinger
Page Ref: 6-28
Objective: Explain why the concept of a police profession is so important.
Level: Intermediate
3) James Garfield
Page Ref: 6-28
Objective: Explain why the concept of a police profession is so important.
Level: Intermediate
4) Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr.
Page Ref: 6-28
Objective: Explain why the concept of a police profession is so important.
Level: Intermediate
5) Carry Nation
Page Ref: 6-28
Objective: Explain why the concept of a police profession is so important.
Level: Intermediate
6) Timothy McVeigh
Page Ref: 6-28
Objective: Explain why the concept of a police profession is so important.
Level: Intermediate
7) Sir Robert Peel
Page Ref: 6-28
Objective: Explain why the concept of a police profession is so important.
Level: Intermediate
8) Benjamin "Pap" Singleton
Page Ref: 6-28
Objective: Explain why the concept of a police profession is so important.
Level: Intermediate
9) August "Gus" Vollmer
Page Ref: 6-28
Objective: Explain why the concept of a police profession is so important.
Level: Intermediate
10) O.W. Wilson
Page Ref: 6-28
Objective: Explain why the concept of a police profession is so important.
Level: Intermediate
Answers: 1) B 2) J 3) F 4) C 5) E 6) G 7) H 8) A 9) D 10) I
1.5 Essay Questions
1) List and describe some of Sir Robert Peel's contributions to modern law enforcement.
Answer: Answers will vary, but should include: professionalism, centralized policing, uniforms
Page Ref: 4
Objective: List the events in England that led to the creation of the London Metropolitan Police.
Level: Intermediate
2) Assume you were a police officer in the 1960s. List two turbulent events during this time and discuss the impact upon police and their communities.
Answer: Answers will vary, but should include: racial riots related to the Civil Right Movement and political protests against the Vietnam War.
Page Ref: 23
Objective: Describe how the police rank and file became isolated in the 1960s.
Level: Intermediate
3) Explain the effects and impact on American policing of the early trilogy of major experiments such as: (1) the Kansas City Preventive Patrol Study, (2) the Rand Criminal Investigation Study, and (3) the team policing experiment.
Answer: Answers will vary, but should include: the results of each experiment.
Page Ref: 26
Objective: Explain why the concept of a police profession is so important.
Level: Difficult
4) Discuss the new strategies in policing that emerged during the community policing era. Describe their effects on modern American policing.
Answer: Answers will vary, but should include: community-oriented policing (COP), zero tolerance policing (ZTP), CompStat, evidence-based policing (EBP), and hot spot policing (HSP).
Page Ref: 27
Objective: Explain why the concept of a police profession is so important.
Level: Difficult
5) Explain how the economy affects law enforcement operations.
Answer: Answers will vary, but should include: recessions, budget concerns, employment.
Page Ref: 28
Objective: Explain why the concept of a police profession is so important.
Level: Difficult
1.6 Critical Thinking Questions
1) Discuss how events in England in the 1800s influenced the development of policing in the United States.
Answer: Answers will vary, but should include: The London Metropolitan Police Department was the first full-time police agency in England. Officers were hired on a probationary basis, and professional conduct by the agency and its officers was stressed. U.S. modeled their police departments after those in England. This included uniformed police officers, a highly centralized, quasi-military structure, and full-time police departments.
Page Ref: 4-5
Objective: List the events in England that led to the creation of the London Metropolitan Police.
Level: Intermediate
2) Why do you think most police departments have adopted the military model of policing?
Answer: Answers will vary, but should include: The military model of policing provides a highly structured unit with a clear chain of command. It is a highly centralized, bureaucratic model that provides for a direct flow of information and commands from the top of the bureaucracy (i.e. the chief) to the bottom (i.e. the patrol officer). This is a highly efficient model.
Page Ref: 23
Objective: State how World War II affected law enforcement.
Level: Intermediate
