For the following statements or questions, select the most appropriate answer.
1. Which of the following terms best describes the period of upheaval following the death of Louis XVI of France in 1793?
a. The Renaissance
b. The French Revolution
c. The Reign of Terror
d. The French War of Attrition
Answer: c
Objective: Summarize the historical roots of the term terrorism and the difficulty of arriving at an all-encompassing definition
Page number: 4
Level: Basic
2. Labeling persons as terrorists does NOT preclude them from being categorized as:
a. guerrillas.
b. ideologues.
c. revolutionaries.
d. all of the above
Answer: d
Objective: List some of the approaches to defining terrorism
Page number: 4
Level: Basic
3. Violence or threatened violence intended to produce fear or cause change can be described as:
a. simple.
b. analytical.
c. state.
d. state-sponsored.
Answer: a
Objective: List some of the approaches to defining terrorism.
Page number: 5
Level: Basic
4. Which of the following terms best describes terrorism involving a specific political and/or social factor behind individual violent acts?
a. Legal
b. Analytical
c. State
d. Simple
Answer: b
Objective: List some of the approaches to defining terrorism.
Page number: 5
Level: Basic
5. The Prevention of Terrorism Act 1989 was promulgated to combat which specific threat to the United Kingdom?
a. Islamic fundamentalism.
b. Irish nationalism.
c. Trade unions.
d. Violent animal rights groups
Answer: b
Objective: List some of the approaches to defining terrorism.
Page number: 7
Level: Basic
6. The following definition of terrorism is contained within which piece of legislation? “In this section ‘acts of terrorism’ means acts of persons acting on behalf of or in conjunction with any organization that carries out activities directed towards the overthrowing or influencing by force or violence.”
a. Prevention of Terrorism Act 2000
b. The Reinsurance Act 1993
c. Title 22 the US Code
d. Provisions of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982
Answer: b
Objective: List some of the approaches to defining terrorism.
Page number: 13
Level: Intermediate
7. The United Nations Global Counter Terrorism Strategy was adopted by member states in 2006 – the strategy was formulated to:
a. create a globally acceptable definition for terrorism.
b. create a global strategy to restrict financing of terrorism.
c. promote member state participation in preventing the spread of WMD.
d. take proactive steps individually and collectively to prevent and combat terrorism.
Answer: d
Objective: List some of the approaches to defining terrorism. Page number: 12
Level: Intermediate
8. The Hague Convention of December 1970 was established to combat what type of terrorism?
a. Terrorist acts on board aircraft.
b. The unlawful seizure of aircraft.
c. Crimes against hostage taking.
d. Terrorism related to piracy on the high seas.
Answer: b
Objective: List some of the approaches to defining terrorism..
Page number: 13
Level: Intermediate
9. Terrorist organizations best method of providing safety and security for the group is in establishing a:
a. cellular structure.
b. support structure of sympathizers.
c. logistical support structure.
d. lone wolf structure.
Answer: a
Objective: Analyze the structures of terrorist groups and their possible common qualities
Page number: 14
Level: Basic
10. Which of the following diverse motives can be applied to terrorists?
a. Rational
b. Psychological
c. Cultural
d. All of the above
Answer: d
Objective: Analyze the structures of terrorist groups and their possible common qualities
Page number: 13
Level: Intermediate
11. We can classify terrorists’ motives as being in three distinct categories:
a. rational, psychological, and judicial.
b. psychological, analytical, and rational.
c. rational, psychological, and cultural.
d. rational, cultural, and emotional.
Answer: c
Objective: Analyze the structures of terrorist groups and their possible common qualities.
Page number: 14
Level: Intermediate
12. What do terrorist groups with strong internal motivations find it necessary to continuously strive to maintain?
a. Total security through its internal structure.
b. Justification for the groups continued existence.
c. Absolute dedication to the group’s goals.
d. All of the above.
Answer: b
Objective: Analyze the structures of terrorist groups and their possible common qualities.
Page number: 16
Level: Basic
13. What is determined to be the most volatile of cultural identifiers?
a. Politics
b. Jihad
c. Christianity
d. Religion
Answer: d
Objective: Analyze the structures of terrorist groups and their possible common qualities.
Page number: 17
Level: Basic
14. What must a terrorist group do to maintain its legitimacy and self esteem:
a. Produce a terrorist manifesto.
b. Make demands through media and social media.
c. Commit violent acts.
d. None of the above.
Answer: c
Objective: Analyze the structures of terrorist groups and their possible common qualities.
Page number: 18
Level: Basic
15. What high moral and religious principle is The Arab Convention for the Suppression of Terrorism committed to?
a. Human Rights
b. The UN Charter
c. Islamic Sharia
d. The Pact of the League of Arab States
Answer: b
Objective: List some of the approaches to defining terrorism
Page number: 10
Level: Intermediate
16. The U.S is often considered to be one of the most violent societies, but what type of violence remains a rare aberration?
a. Environmental.
b. Political
c. Social.
d. Religious.
Answer: b
Objective: Analyze the structures of terrorist groups and their possible common qualities
Page number: 15
Level: Intermediate
17. What is the term used to describe acts that are universally forbidden?
a. Prescribed
b. Proscribed
c. Prohibition
d. Ascribed
Answer: b
Objective: Summarize the historical roots of the term terrorism and the difficulty of arriving at an all-encompassing definition..
Page number: 3
Level: Basic
18. Hostage taking is defined under which international law?
a. The Patriot Act
b. The International Kidnapping Act
c. The Crime Prevention and Terrorism Act
d. The International Convention against the Taking of Hostages
Answer: d
Objective: Summarize the historical roots of the term terrorism and the difficulty of arriving at an all-encompassing definition.
Page number: 15
Level: Basic
19. In which regions of the world are kidnappings considered a growth industry?
a. The Philippines
b. West Africa
c. The Horn of Africa
d. North Africa
Answer: c
List some of the approaches to defining terrorism.
Page number: 16
Level: Basic
20. Which country or organization uses the following definition -“terrorism” can be defined as the intentional and systematic use of actions designed to provoke terror in the public as a means to certain ends
a. U.S. Department of State.
b. U.S Army Training Manual
c.. The European Union
d. U.S. Department of Defense.
Answer: c
Objective: Apply the FBI construct to a prominent terror event.
Page number: 19
Level: Intermediate
Chapter 1 True-False
1. The U.S. Patriot Act 2001 was passed following attacks on the U.S. Embassies in Africa
a. True
b. False
Answer: b
Objective: List some of the approaches to defining terrorism.
Page number: 3
Level: Basic
2. Terrorism will inevitably fall into the range of behaviors that are not only a violation of laws but also a violation of politics and practices (mores) of a social group or tribal organization.
a. True
b. False
Answer: a
Objective: Summarize the historical roots of the term terrorism and the difficulty of arriving at an all-encompassing definition.
Page number: 3
Level: Basic
3. Terror in conventional warfare between nation-states is a natural by-product of the violence and confusion of combat.
a. True
b. False
Answer: a
Objective: List some of the approaches to defining terrorism
Page number: 4
Level: Basic
4. The Reign of Terror took place during World War One.
a. True
b. False
Answer: b
Objective: Summarize the historical roots of the term terrorism and the difficulty of arriving at an all-encompassing definition
Page number: 4
Level: Basic
5.Terrorist groups with strong internal motivations find it necessary to justify the group’s existence continuously..
a. True
b. False
Answer: a
Objective: Summarize the historical roots of the term terrorism and the difficulty of arriving at an all-encompassing definition.
Page number: 14
Level: Basic
6. The need to belong to the group discourages any possible resignations, and the fear of compromise disallows their acceptance; compromise is also usually rejected
a. True
b. False
Answer: a
Objective: Analyze the structures of terrorist groups and their possible common qualities..
Page number: 15Level: Intermediate
7. With some terrorists, group acceptance is a stronger motivator than the stated political objectives of the organization
a. True
b. False
Answer: a
Objective: Analyze the structures of terrorist groups and their possible common qualities.
Page number: 14
Level: Basic
8. Terrorist groups also often suffer from a nagging fear of failure. One effective psychological defense against failure is to define goals so broadly that they are impossible to achieve..
a. True
b. False
Answer: b
Objective: Analyze the structures of terrorist groups and their possible common qualities..
Page number: 14
Level: Intermediate
9. A major cultural determinant of terrorism is the perception of “outsiders” and anticipation of their threat to long-held ethnic values or to a terrorist group’s survival
a. True
b. False
Answer: a
Objective: Analyze the structures of terrorist groups and their possible common qualities..
Page number: 15
Level: Intermediate
10. Religion may be the least volatile of cultural identifiers because it encompasses values and beliefs deeply rooted in a long-standing and ancient cultural paradigm
a. True
b. False
Answer: b
Objective: Analyze the structures of terrorist groups and their possible common qualities.
Page number: 15
Level: Intermediate
11. The broad range of violent activities that are often labeled as “terrorism” can now be seen as easier to define in a simplistic and universal way.
a. True
b. False
Answer: b
Objective: List some of the approaches to defining terrorism
Page number: 15
Level: Intermediate
12. The policy of the United States is to make concessions to terrorists who hold official or private U.S. citizens as hostages.
a. True
b. False
Answer: b
Objective: List some of the approaches to defining terrorism.
Page number: 15
Level: Intermediate
13. It is generally accepted in the international community that local governments are responsible for the safety and welfare of persons within the borders of their nations. a. True
b. False
Answer: a
Objective: List some of the approaches to defining terrorism
Page number: 15
Level: Intermediate
14. Seizure of a U.S. national as a hostage anywhere in the world is a crime, as is any hostage taking in which the U.S. government is a target or the hostage taker is a U.S. national. Such acts are, therefore, subject to investigation by the International Criminal Court and the United Nations Security Council
a. True
b. False
Answer: b
Objective: List some of the approaches to defining terrorism
Page number: 16
Level: Intermediate
15. Bin Laden’s killing or assassination by U.S. Navy SEALs in May 2011 did not raise the ire or angst of many countries, and the U.S. military action authorized by President Obama was supported by both the UN and NATO. The fact that bin Laden was possibly unarmed at the time of his death was raised as an issue by groups such as Amnesty International
a. True
b. False
Answer: a
Objective: List some of the approaches to defining terrorism.
Page number: 16
Level: Intermediate
16. In September 1972 at the Munich Olympic Games a group of eight Iranian Revolutionary Guards entered the Athlete Village and took eleven Israeli athletes and some of their trainers hostage
a. True
b. False
Answer: b
Objective: List some of the approaches to defining terrorism.
Page number: 17
Level: Intermediate
17. In 1996 Members of Colombia’s Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement seized the ambassador’s residence during a Christmas reception and took Peruvian government officials, foreign diplomats, and Japanese businessmen hostage
a. True
b. False
Answer: b
Objective: List some of the approaches to defining terrorism.
Page number: 17
Level: Intermediate
18. The Fourteenth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution defines “residents” as being citizens of both the federal government and the state in which they reside. It expressly permits states to make any ordinance, law, or regulation that abridges the federal rights of citizens.
a. True
b. False
Answer: b
Objective: List some of the approaches to defining terrorism.
Page number: 17
Level: Intermediate
19. The U.S. Department of Justice definition of terrorism - “Terrorism is the calculated use of violence, or the threat of violence, to produce goals that are political or ideological in nature.” .
a. True
b. False
Answer: b
Objective: List some of the approaches to defining terrorism
Page number: 18
Level: Intermediate
20. The Patriot Act facilitated information sharing and cooperation among government agencies so that they can better “connect the dots.”
a. True
b. False
Answer: a
Objective: List some of the approaches to defining terrorism
Page number: 21
Level: Intermediate
Chapter 1 Fill in the Blank
1. Terrorism is a _________ as well as a legal and military issue; its precise definition in modern terms has been slow to evolve
Answer: Political.
Objective: Summarize the historical roots of the term terrorism and the difficulty of arriving at an all-encompassing definition.
Page number: 3
Level: Basic
2. Behavior in social groups, whether they are for primitive tribes or complex modern nation-states, can be regarded as points on a simple _________
Answer: continuum
Objective: Summarize the historical roots of the term terrorism and the difficulty of arriving at an all-encompassing definitionPage number: 3
Level: Basic
3. In even the most primitive societies, certain acts or groups of acts have been universally forbidden, discouraged, or _____________.
Answer: proscribed
Objective: Summarize the historical roots of the term terrorism and the difficulty of arriving at an all-encompassing definition.
Page number: 3
Level: Basic
4. Most societies have encouraged, sponsored, or __________ behaviors such as marrying, having children, hunting, growing food, and other actions that clearly benefit the group’s or tribe’s common social welfare and survival.
Answer: prescribed
Objective: Summarize the historical roots of the term terrorism and the difficulty of arriving at an all-encompassing definition.
Page number: 3
Level: Basic
5. The Reign of Terror, which took place in ______from 1792 to 1794, is generally accepted by most as the first event to be commonly called “terrorism.”
Answer: France
Objective: Summarize the historical roots of the term terrorism and the difficulty of arriving at an all-encompassing definition
Page number: 4
Level: Basic
6. Trained _______or___________ frightened into surrender or compliance but not physically injured are the most logical and realistic targets of terrorism; other casualties are easily classified according to the way they were injured or killed.
Answer: soldiers or citizens
Objective: Summarize the historical roots of the term terrorism and the difficulty of arriving at an all-encompassing definition.
Page number: 4
Level: Basic
7. Labeling persons or groups as terrorists does not preclude also categorizing those same persons or groups as “_______” “_______” or “_______”.
Answer: “guerrillas,” “ideologues,” or “revolutionaries
Objective: Summarize the historical roots of the term terrorism and the difficulty of arriving at an all-encompassing definition
Page number: 5
Level: Intermediate
8. Combating terrorism requires a continuous state of __________________and awareness, and should be a constant practice, rather than a particular type of military operation.
Answer: intelligence gathering
Objective: Summarize the historical roots of the term terrorism and the difficulty of arriving at an all-encompassing definition.
Page number: 5
Level: Intermediate
9. Militant groups, particularly those like the Irish terror groups and Spain’s ETA, whose ______ ___________ includes bombings in public places and targeted assassinations, are universally condemned and labeled terrorists.
Answer: modus operandi
Objective: Summarize the historical roots of the term terrorism and the difficulty of arriving at an all-encompassing definition
Page number: 6
Level: Basic
10. In the United States, the _________ _______ ___ of 2002 defines terrorism as “any activity that involves an act that is dangerous to human life or potentially destructive of critical infrastructure or key resources.
Answer Homeland Security Act
Objective: Summarize the historical roots of the term terrorism and the difficulty of arriving at an all-encompassing definition.
Page number: 7
Level: Intermediate
11. Terrorism is the __________, deliberate, systematic murder, mayhem, and threatening of the innocent to create fear and intimidation in order to gain a political or tactical advantage, usually to influence an audience.
Answer: premeditated
Objective: Summarize the historical roots of the term terrorism and the difficulty of arriving at an all-encompassing definition.
Page number: 8
Level: Intermediate
12. Terrorism is the use or threatened use of force designed to bring about _______ change.
Answer: political
Objective: Summarize the historical roots of the term terrorism and the difficulty of arriving at an all-encompassing definition
Page number: 8
Level: Intermediate
13. For the Islamists, the presence of foreign troops in the Middle East gives them the excuse they so dearly need to extend, prolong, and widen their _____ to global proportions
Answer: jihad
Objective: List some of the approaches to defining terrorism.
Page number: 9
Level: Intermediate
Chapter 1 Matching
1. Match the name or term in the left-hand column with a definition in the right-hand column.
1. Hague Convention | a. To outlaw and ban terror organizations. |
2. Proscribed | b. National or other groups used to attack western or other vested interests. |
3. Prescribed | c. International treaties first negotiated and related to the laws of war. |
4. State Sponsored | d. To establish rules, laws and direction. |
5. Prevention of Terrorism Act 1989 | e. The unlawful use or threat of violence against persons or property to further political or social objectives. Usually intended to coerce or intimidate a government. |
6. US Vice President’s Task Force | g. Use of violence for political ends, for the purpose of putting the public or any section of the public in fear. |
Answer:
1. *c
2. *a
3. *d
4. *b
5. *h
6. *e
Level: Basic
2. Match the list of countries that experience kidnappings with the kidnapping organization in the right-hand column.
1. Lebanon | a. Boko Haram |
2. Mexico | b. al-Qaeda (AQAP)_ |
3. Nigeria | c. drug cartels and associated gangs |
4. Algeria and Niger | d. Hezbollah |
5. Yemen | e. al-Qaeda (AQIM) |
Answer:
1. *d
2. *c
3. *a
4. *e
5. *b
Level: Basic
3. Match the person or phrase in the left-hand column with the correct description or definition in the right-hand column.
1.US Code of Federal Regulation | a. The unlawful use of force or violence committed by a group or individual against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population or any segment thereof in furtherance of political or social objectives. |
2.US Department of Defense | b. Premeditated, politically-motivated violence against innocents. |
3.US Department of Justice | c. Terrorism is the calculated use of violence, or the threat of violence, to produce goals that are political or ideological in nature. |
4.US National Security Strategy | d. The unlawful use of force and violence against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives. |
5.1984 US Army Training Manual | e. Calculated use of unlawful violence to inculcate fear; intended to coerce or intimidate governments or societies in pursuit of goals that are generally political, religious, or ideological. |
6.James M Poland | f. Terrorism is the use or threatened use of force designed to bring about political change. |
7. Brain Jenkins | g.All criminal acts directed against a State either intended or calculated to create a state of terror in the minds of particular persons or a group of persons or the general public. |
8.League of Nations | h. Terrorism is the premeditated, deliberate, systematic murder, mayhem, and threatening of the innocent to create fear and intimidation in order to gain a political or tactical advantage, usually to influence an audience. |
Answer:
1. *d
2. *e
3. *a
4. *b
5. *c
6. *h
7. *f
8. *g
Level: Intermediate
4. Match the conventions and regulations on the left with the descriptions in the right-hand column.
1.The Tokyo Convention | a. Involve violent acts or acts dangerous to human life that are a violation of the criminal laws of the United States or of any State, or that would be a criminal violation if committed within the jurisdiction of the United States or of any State. |
2.The Hague Convention | b. Events related to piracy on the high seas. |
3.The Montreal Convention | c. Acts committed on board aircraft. |
4.UN Convention on the Law of the Sea | d. Unlawful seizure of aircraft. |
5.International Convention against the Taking of Hostages | e. ‘Acts of terrorism’ means acts of persons acting on behalf of, or in conjunction with any organization which carries out activities directed towards the overthrowing or influencing, by force or violence, of Her Majesty’s government in the United Kingdom or any other government de jure or de facto.” |
6.The Reinsurance Act 1993 (UK) | f. The use of violence for political ends, and includes any use of violence for the purpose of putting the public or any section of the public in fear.” |
7. Prevention of Terrorism Act 1989 | g.The act of hostage-taking - any person who seizes or detains and threatens to kill, to injure or to continue to detain a hostage in order to compel a State. |
8.The US Code Title 18 | h. Suppression of unlawful acts against the safety of civil aviation. |
Answer:
1. *c
2. *d
3. *h
4. *b
5. *g
6. *e
7. *f
8. *a
Level: Intermediate
Chapter 1 Essay
1. Compare the existing definitions for terrorism provided by the FBI, The DOD, the Department of State and the United Nations and create your own definition for terrorism.
Answer: Answers should include points such as The Patriot Act, Homeland Security, Constitutional Rights and Terrorism as Criminal Behaviour.
Objective: List some of the approaches to defining terrorismPages number: 5,8,9,10,11 and 12
Level: Intermediate
2. Compare a recent act of terrorism to one of hostage taking/ kidnapping and evaluate how your definition adequately addresses both incidents.
Answer: Should include points such as – use of force, civilian targets, military personnel, perceived grievances, legal issues in hostage taking
Objective: Evaluate the legal issues around kidnappings.
Page number: 8,9,14,15
Level: Intermediate
3. Analyze the structure of a current terrorist group. What common qualities seem to exist within the group and what from your definition differentiates them from other groups?
Answer: Following points should be included in the answer – justness of cause, killer instinct, act effectively as loners, and have a high level of courage
Objective: Analyze the structures of terrorist groups and their possible common qualities
Page number: 7,1,12,13
Level: Intermediate
4. Compare three of the hostage crises detail within the chapter and apply the FBI construct to each of them for applicability
Answer: Should include points such as – influence and intimidation, coerce a civilian population and transcend national boundaries.
Objective: Apply the FBI construct to a prominent terror event
Page number: 1,17,17
Level: Advanced
Chapter 1 Critical Thinking
1. What are some of the potential problems in applying the Arab Convention on the Suppression of Terrorism to terrorist events overseas?
Answer: Should include the following points – Sharia law, principles of international law, foreign occupation and aggression
Objective: Compare and contrast the existing definitions as detailed in this chapter
Page number: 11
Level: Advanced
2. What is the justification under the US Constitution and the varying definitions and constructs for terrorism, for state sponsored assassinations such as that conducted by the U.S. on Osama bin Laden?
Answer: Should include the following points – motivations for terrorists, act of war, armed conflict.
Objective: List some of the approaches to defining terrorism
Page number:9,13,16, 18, 20
Level: Intermediate
