. Anthropologists can be considered synthesizers.
a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER:
REFERENCES:
3
OTHER:
Conceptual
NOTES:
Pickup
2. By utilizing a holistic perspective, anthropologists do not experience ethnocentrism in regard to other cultures.
New
3. A North American researcher disapproving of Japanese resistance to organ transplantation is an example of culture-bound theory.
4
4. Anthropologist Elizabeth Guillette’s study of the effects of pesticide exposure on children’s performance of normal childhood activities in a Yaqui village in northern Mexico is an example of applied medical anthropology.
6
5. Participant observation means that the anthropologist should be involved in everything that a cultural group does in order to understand their culture.
7
Modify
6. Only apes have a language as complex as human language.
8
7. Linguistic anthropologists are interested in both spoken and written language.
Factual
8. Historical linguistics is a primary branch of anthropological linguistics.
9
9. Societies termed “prehistoric” are those that placed less emphasis on recording and transmitting information.
10
10. When available, historical documents are always preferred to the study of material remains.
11. The anthropological study of genes and genetic relationships is known as genetic anthropology.
12
12. Primatology is the study of living and fossil primates.
13. All primate species are endangered today.
14. Our bones can tell stories about how we lived, including whether we were right-handed or left-handed.
13
15. Studies of growth and development can provide data on the evolutionary history of humans.
16. All living humans are members of the same species.
17. Archaeologists excavate artifacts to study them in isolation.
21
18. The point of reference within a datum is called a grid.
22
19. Chronometric dating is another name for absolute dating.
20. Any object made by humans is classified as an artifact.
20
21. Archaeologists use only absolute dating techniques to date fossils.
22. Archaeologists frequently use eliciting devices to probe underground sites.
25
23. Ethnographers consider themselves to be key consultants because they work directly with living peoples.
24
24. The American Anthropological Association has recently petitioned to guard the confidentiality of ethnographic notes taken in medical settings and not make them subject to subpoena.
26
25. Maintaining one’s own culture is an internationally recognized basic human right.
26. Anthropology is well equipped to grapple with globalization.
27
Multiple Choice
27. Which of the following characteristics uniquely defines the anthropological approach?
a concern with the study of humans
a focus on human relationships and society
c.
a focus on humans as biological organisms
d.
a holistic perspective
d
28. The holistic anthropological perspective is expansive and inclusive because it seeks to understand:
human nature
global forces
biological and cultural homologies
evolutionary change
a
29. Which of the following is not a primary perspective of anthropology?
an ethnocentric perspective
a cross-cultural perspective
an evolutionary perspective
b
30. One aspect that makes anthropology unique among social sciences is its traditional focus on:
peoples of Caucasian and African descent
European peoples
non-Western peoples and cultures
peasants and farmers
c
31. Which perspectives best guard against culture-bound theories?
multiple cross-cultural perspectives
a cross-cultural and evolutionary perspective
an evolutionary and philosophical perspective
all perspectives guard against culture-bound theories
32. Anthropological studies help us trace human connectedness; for example, in exploitative eastern Congolese mines they extract coltan, which we use every day in our:
mobile phones
diesel cars
fluorescent lights
water treatment plants
2
33. What difference did Margaret Lock find between Japanese and North American perceptions of death?
Japanese are more comfortable harvesting organs from those declared brain dead than North Americans.
North Americans are more comfortable harvesting organs from those declared brain dead than Japanese.
Japanese do not use human organ transplants in any medical situation.
North Americans do not medically classify people as brain dead.
34. Individuals within all four subfields of anthropology practice:
ethnological anthropology
applied anthropology
development anthropology
molecular anthropology
5
35. Which of the following is not a common practice within applied anthropology?
collaboration between anthropologists and community members
conducting research together as a team with community members
solving specific problems
focus on issues primarily of theoretical value
36. What is the most significant scientific contribution of Elizabeth Guillette’s research on pesticide use among the Yaqui?
It presents scientific evidence that common pesticides cause more problems to adults than to children.
It highlights the importance of using pesticides to increase production levels for agriculturalists everywhere.
It suggests that highland indigenous communities may suffer increased effects from pesticides because of high altitude.
It suggests that pesticide use among agricultural communities may cause health problems worldwide.
37. Another name for cultural anthropology is:
sociology
ethnology
sociocultural anthropology
ethnography
38. Culture is considered anthropology’s most distinguishing feature for all of the following reasons except:
The focus on culture intersects with biology, material remains, social behavior, and language.
Anthropologists use the concept of culture to establish an understanding of those groups in a society that practice culture and those that do not.
Anthropologists focus on humans as culture-producing and culture-reproducing creatures.
Understanding culture is integral to each of anthropology’s subfields.
39. The detailed description of a particular culture primarily based on fieldwork is called:
forensic anthropology
40. On-location research is also known as:
cultural resource management
fieldwork
site research
41. Participant observation:
is a research method that involves the anthropologist both observing and participating in another culture
is an analytical method that uses both cross-cultural data and also informant participation in staged cultural activities
is used in all subfields and is a primary component of applied anthropology
is found only in cultural anthropology and is only used when studying in non-Western societies
42. Which of the following best describes ethnology?
cross-cultural comparative research
detailed description of a particular culture
study of customary patterns in human behavior
participant observation research
43. All of the following are approaches that linguistic anthropologists may take except:
studying the way languages change over time
describing the way that a language is formed
analyzing which languages are superior
studying the relation between language and culture
44. Which of the following cases best illustrates the practice of ethnology?
analyzing the patterns of behavior in an indigenous religious ritual
comparing weddings in France with those in the United States
studying ways that young children learn to play piano in a Chinese family
doing participant observation in a rural setting in Taiwan
45. Anthropologist Nancy Scheper-Hughes founded the group Organs Watch as a way to solve the global problem of human organ trafficking. This is an example of:
applied cultural anthropology
applied biological anthropology
forensics
46. Linguists estimate today that there are approximately how many human languages?
56
800
12,000
6,000
47. Which of the following statements is most accurate regarding language today?
Nearly half of the world’s remaining languages will become extinct over the next hundred years.
Nearly all of the world’s remaining languages will become extinct over the next 50 years.
Language is currently in a stage of revitalization and growth, and linguists project that more than 200 new languages will emerge in the next 100 years.
Languages constantly grow, develop, and die and there has never been a net loss of human language.
48. Archaeology is the study of:
human material remains and environmental data
human fossils
human skeletal remains
ancient written documents
49. Shallow, restricted concentrations of charcoal commonly indicate:
hunting sites
food processing sites
farming sites
religious sites
50. The term prehistory refers to a period in which:
people had no means of recording their thoughts
there was no written record
people had no history
humans had not yet diverged from the primate line
51. The study of mummified skeletal remains to provide evidence of early surgery is an example of:
bioarchaeology
medical anthropology
52. Which of the following is the most objective source of information for an archaeological site?
official government records
material remains at the site
interviews with local people
objective information varies by site
53. The Garbage Project is an example of:
ethnoarchaeology
prehistoric archaeology
11
54. All of the following are important focal aspects of study in the Garbage Project except:
enforcing measures to decrease consumption levels in the United States
testing the process of decay for biodegradable materials
understanding differences between what people say and what they do
understanding contemporary social issues affecting a United States population
55. Which of the following federal acts provides for the protection and return of Native American cultural items or human remains?
Native American Preservation of Historic and Prehistoric Places Act of 1984
Native American Environmental Policy Act of 1969
Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act of 1990
Archaeological and Historical Preservation Act of 1974
56. All of the following are characteristics of the study of biological anthropology except:
primatology
human adaptation
human growth and development
57. Molecular anthropology is the anthropological study of:
pottery and prehistoric technology
genes and genetic relationships
chemical reactions associated with soil typology
exchange networks and trade
58. Paleoanthropology can best be described as the study of:
Paleolithic hunters
genetic commonalities among the primates
early human toolmaking
human evolution
59. How is paleoanthropology unique among evolutionary studies?
It takes a biocultural approach.
It focuses on nonhuman primates.
It traces the biological relationships between different human species.
It considers humans to be primates and related to monkeys.
60. Archaeologists are especially interested in features known as middens because they provide information on:
ancient trash that would include artifacts that people used and consumed
minerals that early populations used for mining and the production of tools
water sources that ancient people used for agriculture and household use
architectural data that indicate where household sites and temples were located
61. Genetic analyses indicate that the first human ancestors likely originated:
10 to 15 million years ago
7 to 10 million years ago
5 to 8 million years ago
2 to 5 million years ago
62. Which of the following is not usually studied by primatologists?
living and fossil primates
socioeconomic status
primate anatomy
contemporary tool use
63. Anthropologists commonly study the basis of healthy human growth among living populations through all of the following except:
physiology
genetics
hormonal development
linguistics
64. Franz Boas found that one of the major physical differences between first-generation immigrants to the United States and their children was in the area of:
intelligence
longevity
height
weight
65. The enlargement of the right heart ventricle among Quechua Indians is a developmental adaptation to:
cold weather
high altitude
poor nutrition
farming
66. Short-term biological changes in response to particular environmental stimuli are referred to as:
cultural adaptations
environmental adaptations
physiological adaptations
biosocial adaptations
67. The identification of human skeletal remains is the primary focus of:
physical anthropology
68. The relationships between a forensic anthropologist and a forensic archaeologist can be likened to that between:
a coroner and a pathologist
a forensic crime investigator and a funeral director
a forensic pathologist and a crime scene investigator
a police investigator and a crime scene investigator
69. Clyde Snow is a well-known forensic anthropologist associated internationally with cases of:
human rights abuses
corporal punishment
imprisonment and federal execution
ancient prehistoric burials
14
70. Forensic anthropologist Karen Burns investigated alleged atrocities in northern Iraq following the 1991 Gulf War. She established that one individual was murdered (and not buried by his family) simply through evidence of:
a large skull fracture on the left side of the cranium
a gun buried beside the individual
two polyester threads attached to his legs
two cotton shrouds wrapping his lower body
71. What most distinguishes anthropology from other sciences is:
its focus on humans as the central topic of study
its use of biological data
its use of social observations
the diversity of ways in which scientific research is conducted
15
72. What does it mean to say that “Anthropology is an empirical science”?
It focuses on the study of humans.
It works with hypotheses based on intuition.
It is based on sensory observations.
It involves both qualitative and quantitative methods.
73. What are the basic ingredients of science according to the authors?
creativity and imagination
imagination and skepticism
skepticism and creativity
rationalism and imagination
74. An explanation supported by a reliable body of data is called a:
hypothesis
law
theory
fact
16
75. In the “Original Study,” what did the scientists find at Ukkuqsi?
a small girl buried in her toboggan and under part of the covering of a kayak
a small girl who was believed to be related to the same species as famous “Lucy”; she was called “Lucy’s child”
a burial chamber with many artifacts and fossils associated with Inupiat daily life
a skeleton of a man dated at around 9,300 years ago and named “Kennewick Man”
18
76. Anthropologists work to establish the reliability of the research conclusions. This is known as:
reflexivity
validity
culture
displacement
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